MBA英语作文翻译讲义

1、MBA英语 作文第一节 了解大纲要求，明确应试方向该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共2题，25分。A节题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式。备选题型包括： 1）考生根据所给情景写出约100词的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。2）要求考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80100词的该文摘要。 考生在答题卡2上作答。 B节要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词以上的英语说明文或议论文。提供情景的形式为图片、图表或文字。总结，考试类型基本如下：Part A: 应用文（两种可能）1. 写信 2. 摘要Part B: 说明议论（两种可能）1.

2、情景作文 2. 图表作文第二节 了解评分标准，明确应试难度（一） 评分原则和方法1. 一般评分原则适用于A,B两节。但根据两节考察的不同要点，评分时会有不同的侧重点。A节本部分的评分标准的重点在于信息表达的全面，准确，适当。主要包括信息点的覆盖是否全面，语篇结构和格式是否正确，语言表达是否准确，语域是否恰当等方面。对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据试题的具体情况做相应的规定。 B节 本部分的评分重点在于内容的完整性，文章的组织连贯性，语法结构和词汇的多样性及语言的准确性。2. 评分时先根据文章的内容和语言确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来给分。3. A节作文的字数要求在100词左右或8010

3、0词。B节作文的字数要求是不少于150词。文章长度不符合要求的酌情扣分。4. 拼写与标点符号是反映语言准确性的一个方面。评分时，视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英美词汇拼写及语法均可接受。5. 如书写较差，以致影响读者理解，将分数降低一个档次。（二）一般评分标准第五档A节（9-10）B节（13-15分）很好地完成了试题规定的任务u 包含所有内容要点；u 使用丰富的语法结构和词汇u 语言自然流畅，语法错误极少；u 有效地采用了多种衔接手法，文字连贯，层次清晰；u 格式与语域恰当贴切。对目标读者完全产生了预期的效果。第四档A节（7-8分）B节（10-12分）较好地完成了试题规定的任务。u 包含所有内

4、容要点，允许漏掉一、两个次重点；u 使用较丰富的语法结构的词汇；u 语言基本准确，只有在试图使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇时有个别错误；u 采用适当的衔接手法，层次清晰，组织较严密；u 格式与语域较恰当。对目标读者产生了预期的效果。第三档A节（5-6分）B节（7-9分）基本完成了试题规定的任务。u 虽漏掉一些内容，但包含多数内容要点；u 应用的语法结构和词汇能够满足任务的需求；u 有一些语法及词汇错误，但不影响理解；u 采用了简单的衔接手法，内容较连贯，层次较清晰；u 格式和语域基本合理。对目标读者基本产生了预期的效果。第二档A节（3-4分）B节（4-6分）未能按照要求完成试题规定的任务。u 漏掉

5、或未能有效阐述一些内容要点，写了一些无关内容；u 语法结构单调、词汇项目有限；u 有较多的语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解；u 未采用恰当的衔接手法，内容缺少连贯性；u 格式和语域不恰当。未能清楚地传达信息给读者。第一档A节（1-2分）B节（1-3分）未完成试题规定的任务。u 明显遗漏主要内容，具有许多不相关的内容；u 语法项目和词汇的使用单调、重复；u 语言错误很多，有碍读者对内容的理解，语言运用能力差；u 未使用任何衔接手法，内容不能连贯，缺少组织、分段；u 无格式与语域概念。未能传达信息给读者。零档（0分）所传达的信息或用的语言太少，无法评价；内容与要求无关或无法辨认。

6、第三节 应用文写作（写信） 一、历年试题分析2005年Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making

7、an apology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)范文Dear Mr. Wang, I am much grateful to be employed by you two months ago as an edi

8、tor for your magazine Designs & Fashions. I appreciate the opportunity of having worked here with you and other colleagues. The experiences will be unforgettable throughout my life. However, as a young man hose primary interest is in computer science rather than fashion designing, I find my pres

9、ent job doesnt fall in with my previous training and strength. I therefore decide to quit this job for something else that may conform to my former preparation. Please accept my sincere apologies for any inconveniences my leaving may incur. Yours truly, Li Ming2006年Section A: You want to contribute

10、to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Do not sig

11、n your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)范文Dear Sir or Madam, Moved by the noble cause of Hope Project and encouraged by what has been achieved so far, I would like to contribute my bit to the project by offering financial aid to a child in

12、 a remote area of your province. I would be much grateful if you could help me seek out a girl who has just started schooling but whose family cannot afford her education. My plan is to pay for her tuition on an annual basis till she finishes her secondary education. I would like to remit my donatio

13、n directly to a bank account opened by her family in her local area. Yours truly, Li Ming2007年51.Directions: Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. U

14、se “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)范文Dear Sir or Madam, I am a student in this university who regularly come to the library to spend my spare time. Generally speaking, the services you offer here is quite good; however, I have some suggestions for you to adopt. And I would lik

15、e to extend my greatest appreciation if you are so kind as to take my suggestions into consideration. To begin with, will you please prolong the time for reading? In the daytime, most of the students are having class, so they cant come to the library. Moreover, some of the books on shelves are out o

16、f date. If you are so kind as to provide us some books such as the latest magazines, we will be greatly honored. I really wish to have a more comfortable library. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely yours Li Ming2008年You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your l

17、uggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)范文Dear Bob

18、, I am writing to make an apology to you for I forgot to return a music CD which I borrowed from you last week. Yesterday I have come back from Canada and I found it in my luggage. I am so sorry that you cannot listen to it at present. The CD which I borrowed from you is made in Canada, so I believe

19、 you can find another one in your local store. How about your buying another CD by yourself and I will pay for it? If you cannot find the similar one, I would send it back to you through a post office. And if there are any other solutions you like, please let me know. I am sorry again for my careles

20、sness. Looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely Li Ming2009年Directions: Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White Pollution” is still going on. Write a letter to the editors of your local newspaper to 1) give your opinions briefly, and 2) make

21、two or three suggestions.You should write about 100 words on Answer Sheet 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address.范文Dear editor, Im a sincere reader of your newspaper and I like your discussion of the social problems. Now I wan

22、t to give some opinions of myself about the “White Pollution.” As I know, regulation was made to solve the problem in June 1st of 2008. The use of plastic bags was restricted in the supermarket and many other shops freely. At the beginning, it was carried on well, but now I found plastic bags were u

23、sed in some small shops for free or with no pay. I am writing to tell you that we should solve this problem soon with the help of your newspaper. You could make some investigators about it and write some reports of it, so as to appeal to all the peoples attentions of our society. Yours sincerely, Li

24、 Ming 二、归纳与预测2.1 Inquiry Tony, your good friend, has won the top prize in an English Speech Contest. Write him a letter to 1) congratulate on him and 2) ask him for some language learning tips.2.2 Reply to inquiryYou have got a letter from Tom, your good friend. He told you that he failed the Englis

25、h test again. Write him a letter to 1) comfort him and 2) offer some suggestions.2.3 ComplaintYou bought a dictionary from a shopping website but it turned out not the exactly what you ordered. Write a letter to the after-service department and 1) complain about the situation and 2) request a soluti

26、on.2.4 Reply to ComplaintA tourist fell and got hurt in the park you are in charge of. Write a letter to him to 1) apologize and explain the reason and 2) offer solution or compensation.第四节 摘要写作一、大纲试题分析47. Directions:Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words

27、. You should write your abstract on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)经济全球化的主要原因20世纪50年代初以来，经济全球化获得迅猛发展。简单归纳，其原因主要包括以下几个方面：全球化的技术基础。科技进步为全球化快速发展提供了物质基础和技术手段。科技革命是经济全球化发展的最根本的物质基础和动力，历史上历次科技革命都促进了社会生产力的飞跃发展，同时也促进了整个世界的融合。20世纪50年代以电子技术和信息技术等为主要标志的新的科技革命的兴起，使科技日益成为社会生产力发展的先导，成为影响生产力发展的至关重要的因素。科技知识在社会生产的各个领域中得

28、到广泛传播和运用，劳动者的智能和技能得到进一步的开发，创造出越来越多的物质和精神财富，极大地促进了世界生产力的发展，生产社会化程度日益提高，国际分工日益强化，各国经济以此为基础紧密相连，世界经济进入一个全新的繁荣时期。同时，新科技革命使得科技成果积累的速度大大加快，新材料、新产品不断涌现，大量高科技产业不断产生，在世界范围内促进了产业结构的调整和转移，新的产业布局开始形成。以信息技术和产业为主导，以高新技术为基础的新兴产业部门蓬勃兴起并迅速发展，快速取代了传统产业而逐渐成为经济的主导部门推进的重要动力源。全球化的经济基础。市场经济体制的强势地位不断增强，跨国公司的突飞发展，国际经济组织的不断完

29、善为经济全球化奠定了坚实的经济基础。首先，市场经济体制成为世界各国发展经济的首选。20世纪80年代末至90年代初，世界形势发生了重大变化，东欧巨变，苏联解体，40多年的冷战格局最终结束。冷战结束后，国际形势总体上走向缓和。各国纷纷把发展经济列为首要目标，普遍扩大了对外开放，和平与发展成为当今时代的两大主题。前苏联和东欧国家先后走上了向市场经济过渡的轨道，改行自由市场经济，并积极致力于融入西方经济体系。中国在长期的实践中，也逐渐认识到计划经济的不足和弊端，自1978年起开始实行以市场为导向的、全面的经济改革，大力推行对外开放，努力实现同世界经济的接轨，目前已成为世界经济的重要组成部分。这一切都说

30、明，市场经济体制已成为不同制度、不同发展层次国家的共同选择，市场经济已基本实现了全球化，经济全球化是以市场为基础的，没有市场经济就没有生产要素在国家间的自由流动，就谈不上全球化。其次，力量不断壮大的跨国公司成为经济全球化的中坚力量。跨国公司是以本国作为基地，通过对外直接投资，在世界各地设立分支机构和子公司，从事国际化生产和经营的企业。跨国公司凭借其雄厚的经济实力和灵活的经营战略，以全球为工厂，以它所在的各个国家为车间，在全球范围内充分利用各地的优势组织生产和流通，通过自己广泛的经营活动，实现了商品和资本等生产要素在全球范围内的整合，促进了生产在国家间的水平分工和垂直分工，使之密切联系在一起，从

31、而为经济全球化的发展打下了坚实的微观基础，并成为经济全球化的主要推动力和主要载体。最后国际经济组织是经济全球化发展的组织保障。二战结束以后，生产力的不断提高，生产的国际化使得越来越多的商品、资本、劳动进入国际交流，各国的国际分工和相互依赖性不断增强。这种日益增强的经济联系要求突破原有的国家间的障碍，实现全球范围内的更高层次的经济合作，这就要求有超脱于国家之外的国际经济组织发挥重要作用。战后，国际经济组织作用日益明显，国际经济协作不断增强。在当今国际经济关系中，世行、世贸组织、国际货币基金组织等世界性经济组织的调节作用越来越大，而且还表现出进一步增强的趋势。世贸组织（WTO）所指定的关于贸易、投

32、资等方面的制度和规则，成为规范全球经济运行，创造自由公平竞争环境的统一制度和规则。作为世界金融领域的重要国际组织，国际货币基金组织（IMF）和世界银行（WB）也在国际金融全球化进程中扮演了重要角色。这些国际经济组织的成立使得国际贸易和国际金融运行有了统一的规则，对成员国的经贸活动和经济行为起着协调和规范作用，这些都为经济全球化的发展起着制度保障作用。Sample AnswerEconomic globalization has been developing fast since 1950s and the following reasons can account for this. On

33、one side, progress in technology provides material foundation and technological methods for globalization. On the other side, market economy system, booming multi-national corporations and international economic organizations also lay a solid economic foundation for globalization. Above all, market

34、economy system became a top choice for most countries. In addition, booming multi-national corporations contribute greatly to the globalization. Last, international economic organizations such as WTO and IMF play important roles in cooperation and coordination. 二、归纳与预测模拟试题一篇互联网的快速发展给人类生活的各个领域产生越来越重要

35、的影响。在已经步入信息化社会的今天，"上网"已经成为了一种时尚，而在庞大的网民群体中，中学生占了很大的比例，并且还在逐步增多。上网"冲浪"已经成为青少年的"新宠"。面对不可阻挡的中学生上网热潮，如何对其进行正确引导和规范，已经成为当前学校、教师、家长共同关注的重要问题。根据了解目前我市的中学生上网情况，本人将以客观、公正的态度审视当前上网对中学生的利与弊的影响，希望给中学生、家长和学校以借鉴，并从一定程度上给上级部门的决策提供参考。网络的正面影响是不可否认的，其中主要包括以下几点：首先，开阔视野，提高中学生综合知识素养。因特网是一个信

36、息极其丰富的百科全书式的世界，信息量大，信息交流速度快，自由度强，而且实现了全球化信息共享.中学生在网上可以根据意愿获得自己的知识需求，在网上浏览世界，认识世界，了解最新的国际国内新闻信息，前沿的科技动态等等.这就极大地开阔了中学生的视野，给他们的学习、生活带来了巨大的便利和乐趣,使青少年的政治视野、知识范畴更加开阔，从而有助于提高自身文化素养,进而使青少年的综合知识素质得到全面提升。其次，提高中学生人际交往能力。网络创造了一个虚拟的新世界，在这个新世界里，每一名成员可以超越时空的制约，十分便利地与相识或不相识的人进行联系和交流，讨论共同感兴趣的话题。由于网络交流的"虚拟"

37、性，避免了人们直面交流时的摩擦与伤害，从而为他们情感需求的满足和信息获取提供了崭新的交流场所。中学生上网可以进一步扩展对外交流的时空领域，实现交流、交友的自由化。同时，新时代条件下的中学生以独生子女为多，在家庭环境中略显孤独，从心理上说比较渴望能经常与他人保持交流,交换心情,初探人生。现实生活中的交往可能会给他们特别是内向性格的学生带来压力，而网络给了他们一个新的交往空间和相对宽松、平等的环境。通过上网，可以培养和提高青少年人际交流的能力。第三，促进中学生个性化发展。世界是丰富多彩的，人的发展也应该是丰富多彩的。因特网就提供了这个无限多样的发展机会的环境。中学生可以在网上找到自己的发展方向，也

38、可以得到发展的资源和动力。利用因特网就可以学习、研究乃至创新，这样的学习可能成为一种相当有效率的学习方式。网上可供学习的知识浩如烟海，这给中学生进行大跨度的联想和想象提供了十分广阔的领域，为创造性思维不断地输送养料.比如,一些电脑游戏在一定程度上也能强化中学生的逻辑思维能力。第四，有助于创新青少年思想教育的手段和方法。利用网络进行德育教育工作，教育者可以以网友的身份和青少年在网上“毫无顾忌”地进行真实心态的平等交流，这对于德育工作者摸清、摸准青少年的思想并开展正面引导和全方位沟通提供了新的快捷的方法。此外，由于网络信息的传播具有实时性和交互性的特点，青少年可以同时和多个教育者或教育信息保持快速

39、互动，从而提高思想互动的频率，提高教育效果；由于网络信息具有可下载性、可储存性等延时性特点，可延长教育者和受教育者思想互动的时间，为青少年提供“全天候”的思想引导和教育。还可以网上相约，网下聚会，实现网上德育工作的滋润和补充，从而及时化解矛盾，起到温暖人心，调动积极性，激发创造力的作用。 然而，唯物辩证法告诉我们，任何事物都有两面性.网络作为信息社会的技术新生儿，也毫无例外地具有双面特征。具体而言, 中学生上网可能产生如下几个弊端:首先，网络信息的丰富性易对中学生造成“信息污染”。网络是一个信息的宝库，同时也是一个信息的垃圾场。网上各种信息良莠并存，真假难辨，由于缺乏有效的监管，网上色情、反动

40、等负面的信息屡见不鲜。同时，网络的互动性与平等性，又使得人们可以在一个绝对自由的环境下接收和传播信息。这些不良信息对于身体、心理都正处于发育期，是非辨别能力、自我控制能力和选择能力都比较弱的中学生来说，难以抵挡不良信息的负面影响,对于青少年科学世界观、人生观、价值观的形成构成潜在威胁.其次，网络信息传播的任意性容易弱化中学生的道德意识。丰富多彩的互联网信息极大地丰富了中学生的精神世界，但是由于信息传播的任意性，形形色色的思潮、观念也充斥其间，对于自我监控能力不强、极富好奇心的中学生具有极大的诱惑力，极易导致道德规范的缺失。同时，由于互联网上信息接受和传播的隐蔽性，使中学生容易受不良思想、行为的

41、诱导而放纵自己的行为，完全按照自己的意愿来做自己想做的事，忘却了社会责任。此外，还有一些非法组织或个人也在网上发布扰乱社会人伦的黑色信息，蛊惑青少年。这些信息垃圾将弱化中学生的思想道德意识，污染中学生的心灵，误导中学生的行为。最后，网络的虚拟性容易造成中学生社会化的“不足”。网络可以及时传送文字、声音、图像，为中学生人际交往提供多媒体化、互动性的立体途径。网上收发电子邮件方便、快捷， QQ新奇、及时，聊天室轻松愉快，BBS的讨论自由、广泛等等，中学生通过这些途径可以与许多互不相识的人交谈、来往，互相倾诉，互相帮助。但是，这种社会化只是一种虚拟的社会化，人与人之间的交往存在机器的阻隔，是一种“人

42、机符号符号机人”形式的交往。这种形式的交往去除了互动双方的诸多社会属性，带有“去社会化”的特征，与真实社会情境中的社会化相去甚远。而且，网络上的交往范围大多只限于青少年与青少年之间的同辈交流，中学生与家长、亲戚朋友、老师等之间的社会互动较少，代际间的学习、互动明显不足。从而导致社会现实间的交往、交流相对匮乏，中学生融入社会的程度明显不足。第五节 情景作文一、历年试题分析2008Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments

43、 and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.以往许多人报考成人高校，是为圆文凭梦。如今，手持本科、硕士文凭，回头重新考大学的大有人在。据报道，今年报名全国成人高考的上海考生中，有390名本科毕业生，15名硕士生。2009Directions: It is known that text message has both advantages and disadvantages. Some people think it is a blessing, while ot

44、hers regard it as a hell. In this section, you are asked to write on text messaging. You can take either stand and provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.二、模板归纳积木模板+万能例子现象段（第一段）It is now prevalent (Topic Sentence把中文翻译成安全的英文

45、). As its serious consequence falls into our focus, it is understandable that it will increasingly arouse public attention. As a report issued by China Information Survey Center reveals, X%(一个合适的百分比) of people tend to (做这件事情). Obviously, it is imperative that it should be looked into immediately and

46、 carefully. 原因段（第二段）Why (把topic sentence再表达一次，一般问句语序)？Reasons may vary from person to person, place to place and time to time. On one hand, it is deeply rooted in current social situation. Since reform and opening-up two decades ago, great changes have taken place in our country, which are supposed

47、to lead to this phenomenon. On the one hand, it may be related to our understanding of this world. Since we are now more exposed to various thoughts and ideas than ever before, we have no other alternative but to (做这件事情).措施段（第三段）It is desirable that immediate and effective measured be taken as possi

48、ble solutions. For one thing, government should call for attention to this phenomenon from people in all walks of life and every one of us should pay our share for its improvement. For another, it is also of great importance to enhance peoples awareness so that they can play a more active role in so

49、lving this problem. In short, only in this way can we (解决核心问题).万能段 （任何一段）A段(Topic Sentence把提纲中文翻译成英文). I once read an article written by a professor from Peking University in 21st Century Newspaper and it is entitled “ X(核心词) in Modern World”. The author regards it is as an inescapable fact tha

50、t (该现象，句子). Therefore, it is far from unusual that (重述topic sentence).B段(Topic Sentence把提纲中文翻译成英文). Mr. X, my college English teacher/ a businessman in a southern province, is just a case in point. In his life, he always (做这件事情) and is acclaimed/disputed by all people around him. Therefore, it is fa

51、r from unusual that (重述topic sentence).三、预测试题Topic 1The government call on young people to work in western provinces but many fresh graduates still would like to work in eastern coastal cities. Please write a passage of about 150 words to express your view on this phenomenon. Topic 2An increasing nu

52、mber of people like to keep a pet at home but many others are opposed to this practice. You can take either stand and provide specific reasons and examples to support your idea. You should write at least 150 words.第六节 图表作文一、历年试题分析2007In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the foll

53、owing table, in which you shoulddescribe the table and state your opinions drawn from it.You should write at least 150 English words.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET2. (15 points)Accidents in a Chinese City (2005)Main accident causesNumber of accidents in 2005Percentage rise (+) or fall (-) over 200

54、41. drivers turning left without due care608+ 10%2. drivers traveling too close to other vehicles411+ 9%3. pedestrians crossing roads carelessly401+ 12%4. drivers driving under the influence of alcohol281+ 15%5. drivers failing to give a signal264- 5%1997年Directions: A. Study the following set of pi

55、ctures carefully and write an essay in no less than 120. B. Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.C. Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirements below: 1. Interpret the following pictures. 2. Predict the tendency of tobacco consumption and give you

56、r reason. 世界烟草总产量 世界吸烟人口比例As is shown in the pictures, we can see the following information. The bar informs us that the total output of tobacco in the world is 14.364 billion pounds in 1994, whereas the yield in 1995 is 14.2 billion pounds. The pie tells us that the whole population on the earth is 5.8 billion, of which there are 1.1 billion smokers, accounting for 20 percentage of the total. In the picture, we can also see that 200 billion dollars were spent