高级英语课程教案-第二册(项目)第09课

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 9The Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasTeaching Aims1. Improving Reading Skills2. Enriching Vocabulary3. Improving Writing skills Teaching ActivitiesVocabulary 1 hourText AnalysishoursDiscussion 0 minutesPractice minutesTeaching ProcessI .Warming upI

2、IIntroduction to Additional Background Knowledge III. Text Analysis1. Introduction to the Passage2. Effective Writing Skills3. Rhetorical Devices 4. Special Difficulties IV. QuestionsAssignmentReference Books附1Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 9The Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasTeaching Activ

3、itiesVocabulary1. Pay attention to words and expressions in the following aspects respectively:² Spelling and Pronunciation² synonyms² Opposites² Similar words and expressions² Settled or habitual usage2. Word building knowledge附页Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 9The

4、 Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasTeaching Process (1.Warming up)Question 1Question 2Question 3附页Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 9The Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasTeaching Process Additional)1. LeGuin:Ursula Le Guin is a well-known science fiction and fantasy writer. Her writings force us to

5、re-examine many of the things that we once took for granted, like our cities, our political and social structures, etc. She began writing during the 1950s, but not until the 60s did she begin publishing. Her fourth novel, The Left Hand of Darkness (1969) won her both the Hugo and Nebula awards. The

6、Tombs of Atuan (1971) won the Newbery Honor Book Citation and The Farthest Shore (1972) won the National Book Award for Childrens Literature. In The Word for World is Forest (1972) she uses science fiction to explore contemporary issues like colonialism and the Vietnam War. In an interview with Larr

7、y McCaffery the author explains why she likes the science fiction form. She says: “Science fiction allows me to help people get out of their cultural skins and into the skins of other beings. In that sense science fiction is just a further extension of what the novel has traditionally been. In most

8、fiction the author tries to get into the skin of another person; in science fiction you are often expected to get into the skin of another person from another culture.”2. James:William James (1842-1910), American philosopher, born in New York City and graduated from Harvard University in 1869 with a

9、 doctor of Medicine degree. In 1872 he joined the Harvard faculty as a lecturer on anatomy and physiology, continuing to teach until 1907, after 1880 in the department of psychology and philosophy. In 1890 he published his brilliant and epoch making Principles of Psychology, in which the seeds of hi

10、s philosophy are already discernible (可辨别的). Jamess fascinating style and his broad culture and cosmopolitan outlook made him the most influential American thinker of his day. His philosophy has three principle aspects-his voluntarism (唯意识论), his pragmatism (实用主义), and his “radical empiricism (经验主义)

11、”. Jamess other philosophical writings include The Will to Believe (1897), Pragmatism (1907), A Pluralistic Universe (1909), The Meaning of Truth (1909), Some Problems in Philosophy ( 1911 ), and Essays in Radical Empiricism (1912),3. Allegory:Allegory (寓言), in literature, is a symbolic story that s

12、erves as a disguised representation for meanings other than those indicated on the surface. The characters in an allegory often have no individual personality, but are embodiments (化身、体现) of moral qualities and other abstractions. The allegory is closely related to parable, fable, and metaphor, diff

13、ering from them largely in intricacy and length. Although allegory is still used by some authors, its popularity as a literary form has declined in favor of a more personal from of symbolic expression.附页 3Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 9The Ones Who Walk Away from OmelasTeaching Process (3

14、 Text Analysis (Brief).)Introduction to the PassageEffective Writing SkillsRhetorical Devices Special DifficultiesTeaching Process (4. Questions for Discussion)附页 3Text Book高级英语由张汉熙主编, 外语教学与研究出版社TitleUnit 1The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas(Variations on a theme by William James)Text Analysis (Engli

15、sh Version) Detailed Study of the Text1. The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas may be called a piece of allegorical description. Omelas is a fictional city of happiness envisaged (正视) by the writer. She describes emotionally and colorfully the city of Omelas and its citizens but it is a piece of allego

16、rical description. In reality, however, she discourses on a rather provocative (煽动性的) theme-the nature of happiness and on what it depends. She states her views very clearly in one sentence: “Happiness is based on a just discrimination of what is necessary, what is neither necessary nor destructive,

17、 and what is destructive”. What the citizens of Omelas do not have or do not wish to have may be classed as things, which the writer thinks, are destructive of happiness. They did without monarchy and slavery; they got on without the stock exchange, the advertisement, the secret police and the bomb;

18、 there would be no cars or helicopters; one thing there is none of is guilt; and they do without the clergy and soldiers. In the middle category-that of the unnecessary but undestructive-the writer lists the following: central heating, subway trams, washing machines, beer, and even a not habit formi

19、ng drug like drooz, and all kinds of marvelous devices net yet invented, floating light sources fuelless power, a cure for common cold. As for things in the first category that of the necessary the writer doesnt mention them specifically. We may, however, make a list of the following: a bright-tower

20、ed beautiful city by the sea surrounded by snowy peaks, a city with shady avenues, lush green meadows, houses with red roofs, painted walls and moss grown gardens. The citizens were not simple but happy; they were not naive and happy children but mature, intelligent, passionate adults whose lives we

21、re not wretched (可怜的、肮脏的、悲惨的). They have a feeling of a boundless and generous contentment and the victory they celebrate is that of life. The most important thing on which the happiness of the people of Omelas is based is the misery and suffering of the child in the basement cellar. The writer call

22、s this the terrible justice of reality and the people accept it. In the last paragraph, however, the writer seems to have some doubts about this. A few adolescent girls or boys and sometimes an older man or woman do not accept Omelas and walk away from it. To strengthen her views on happiness she al

23、so sharply criticizes the pedants (学究式的人物) and sophisticates (久经世故的人) who consider happiness as something rather stupid. She refutes (反驳、驳倒) the view that pain is intellectual and evil interesting. She points out evil is banal (平凡的、陈腐的) and pain is terribly boring. She also says to praise despair is

24、 to condemn delight, to embrace violence is to lose hold of everything. Finally, to make her Omelas more real and acceptable, she introduces the misery and suffering of a child imprisoned in a basement cellar. The happiness of the many is based on the suffering of a few. This seems to be the pattern

25、 of society throughout the world, so the writer describes it as the terrible justice of reality and the people accept it. Yet the writer seems to have her doubts as the final paragraph shows. Omelas is, perhaps, not so perfect after all. The whole material may be clearly divided into five parts. Par

26、agraphs 1, 4, 5 and 6 describe the colorful celebrations of the Festival of Summer. Paragraphs 2 and 3 describe the people of Omelas and their (or the writers) views on happiness. Paragraph 8 describes the misery and suffering of the child. Paragraphs 9, 10 and 12 describe the attitude of most peopl

27、e and their reactions to the childs suffering. Paragraph 14 describes the different attitude and reactions of a few. Finally, there are manly short paragraphs (2, 7, 11 and 13) which serve to introduce new topics or ideas. These short paragraphs are more effective and forceful than ordinary topic se

28、ntences. The writer further punctuates her points by using many rhetorical questions. For example, in paragraph 2 she uses the question, “How is one to tell about joy?” to prepare the reader for her provocative views on joy, happiness, pain, evil, etc. The second question states clearly she is going

29、 to describe the citizens of Omelas. The last paragraph, however, stands out sharply from among all the others. It is the most interesting and thought provoking paragraph. The writer puts forward the problem but does not supply the answers, thus allowing the readers to give free rein to their imagin

30、ation. Who are these people? Are they idealists, nihilists (虚无主义者), revolutionaries or perverts? Why are they leaving Omelas? Are they disgusted, frightened, saddened or just dissatisfied with Omelas? Where are they going? Are they going to lead a life of seclusion in a monastery (修道院) or hermitage

31、(偏僻的寺院) far from this maddening world or are they going to found a new utopian city not based on any misery or suffering or what? The writer uses a lot of specific words describing sound and color to paint a verbal picture of the city of Omelas and to describe the joyous celebrations that were being

32、 held. Here are a few examples: bright towered, sparkled with flags, red roofs, painted wails, robes of mauve and grey, Green Fields, streamers of silver, gold and green, burned with white-gold fire, sunlit air, dark blue sky, a shimmering of gong and tambourine, a cheerful faint sweetness of the ai

33、r, joyous clanging of bells, etc. Similarly she successfully paints a very vivid and poignant (刺激的、辛辣的) picture of the misery and suffering of the child. There is also a variety of sentence structure to be found: long periodic or loose sentences with a string of participial phrase modifiers, varied

34、with short powerful sentences, short elliptical sentences, rhetorical questions, absolute constructions, etc. Besides these, there are also many figures of speech to be found, such as, sinfiles and metaphor. For a fuller explanation of descriptive writing refer to Detailed Study of the Text, point 1

35、 of lesson 7, The Libido for the Ugly.2. With a clamorby the sea: The loud ringing of the bells, which sent the frightened swallows flying high, marks the beginning of the Festival of Summer in Omelas. bright to-red by the sea: Omelas is a port city by the sea. It had white towers that shone bright

36、in the sun.3. The riggingwith flags: The lines and chains on the ships were decorated with flags which were shining in the sun. rigging: lines and chains used aboard a ship especially in working sail and supporting masts and spars4. In the sweetsprocessions moved: a good example of a long periodic s

37、entence (圆周句 (指主要意义至句尾始明白的句子) sentence, preceded by a string of modifiers. The next sentence is a long loose sentence. The writer uses a vast variety of sentence structures.5. In the streetspublic buildings: The streets were lined with houses with red roofs and painted walls. Between the houses ther

38、e were old moss (苔藓) grown gardens. There were also avenues lined with shady trees. The city had many big parks and public buildings.6. processions moved: This is the main sentence. There were many processions moving through the struts and avenues.7. Some. decorous (有礼貌的): The main sentence of a lon

39、g loose sentence. Some of the processions were marked by propriety (适当) and good taste.8. old people . they walked: These processions were decorous because they were made up of old people, grave master workmen and women carrying babies. There were no children or young people among them.9. In other s

40、trutsa dance: In other streets the processions were different. The music was much faster and one could see the glimmering light reflected from gongs and tambourines (小手鼓). The young people danced to the music as they moved forward. The whole procession was a dance. shimmering: shining with a soft tr

41、emulous (震颤的) light; glimmering10. Children. out: the children ran about playfully.11. their highsinging: a simile. The shouting of the children could be heard clearly above the music and singing like the calls of the swallows flying by overhead. flight: rising, settling or flying in a flock All the

42、 processions woundcity: The streets twisted and turned so the processions also twisted and turned as it moved forward. wound waund: past participle of the verb wind waind to make (ones way) in a winding or twisting course. Pay attention to the pronunciation of the word.13.Nakedarms: This shows the b

43、oys and girls were very natural and unsophisticated. They did not feel there was anything wrong in being naked and barefeet.14. exercised. race: The riders were putting the horses through some exercises because the horses were eager to start and stubbornly resisting the control of the riders. restiv

44、e (难控制的): stubbornly resisting control15. Their manesgreen: the manes (鬃毛) of the horses were also decorated with small silver, gold and green flags.16. They flaredanother: The writer uses personification here by treating the horses as human beings. The horses dilated (扩大) their nostrils, pranced (腾

45、跃) about and seemed to be boasting to one another. All this shows the horses excitement before the race.17. the horses being. own: a nominative absolute construction and a continuation of personification. The horse was the only animal that considered the ceremonies of human beings as also their cere

46、monies.18. the snow. of the sky: a very beautiful metaphor describing the sunlit snow peaks. The white snow peaks glowing with golden sunlight seemed to be oil fire. The dark blue of the sky makes the golden peaks stand out more clearly.19. one could hear. the bells: another beautiful metaphor but d

47、escribing the beautiful music. The music through the streets far and near was as pleasant as the sweet perfume of flowers. The music was sometimes faint and distant but sometimes gathered in strength and finally climbed in the joyous clanging of bells winding: cf. wound, point 1220. Joyous! . Omelas

48、?: The very short paragraph is a special feature of this piece of writing. The writer uses two short questions to introduce two important subjects. In the next long paragraph she describes the people of Omelas and expresses her views on joy and happiness, which is the main theme of the writer.21. We

49、 do notany more: The people of Omelas do not mention words like happy and joy because being happy is their way of life and is no longer a problem.22. All smilearchaic: Smiling to show ones happiness is old fashioned for theire is no need of it now.23. Given. assumptions: After reading the above desc

50、ription the reader is likely to assume certain things.24. Given. slaves: After reading the above description the reader may assume that Omelas is a feudal kingdom where one can see the king riding a beautiful horse surrounded by noble knights or followed by a golden litter carried by strong well-bui

51、lt slaves. Litter (轿子): a revered and curtained couch provided with shafts and used for carrying a single passenger25. I do not know.singularly few: I do not know what the rules and laws of their society are but I guess they were exceptionally few. singularly: exceptionally, unusually26. These were

52、not. bland utopians: The citizens of Omelas were not simple people, not kind and gentle shepherds, not savages of high birth, nor mild idealists dreaming of a perfect society.27. The trouble is . rather: The writer begins to criticize the views of pedants and sophisticates. Ordinary people have got

53、into the bad habit of considering happiness to be something stupid. This view was encouraged by people who consider themselves learned and worldly-wise.28. Only pain. interesting: These pedants and sophisticates declare that only pain stimulates the intellect and only evil arouses the interests of p

54、eople.29. This is the treason. of pain: An artist betrays his trust when he does not admit that evil is nothing fresh nor novel and pain is very dull and uninteresting.30. If you joinem: If you cannot beat evil then become evil yourself. This idea is put forward as an aphorism(格言、警句、谚语).31. If is hu

55、rts. repeat it: If something hurts then repeat it and you will not feel the pain as strongly as you did at first. Another aphoristic statement.32. But to praise. everything else: The writer declares if you praise despair (cant lick em) then you condemn delight and if you accept violence (repeat it)

56、then you, in reality, give up everything else.33. They were. happy: The people of Omelas were not like happy, simple and innocent children, though their children were happy.34. They were mature. not wretched: They were fully developed and intelligent grown-up people full of intense feelings and they

57、 were not miserable people.35. a city in a fairy tale. a time: Fairy tales generally begin in this way: “Once upon a time, long long ago in a country far away.”36. Perhaps it would be best. occasion: Perhaps it would be best if the reader pictures Omelas to himself as his imagination tells him, assu

58、ming his imagination will be equal to the task.37. for certainlyyou all: For certainly I cannot describe Omelas in such a way as to satisfy all of you.38. Happiness is baseddestructive: This is the writers basic view on happiness. To achieve happiness one must be able to distinguish properly what things are necessary, what things are neither necessary n