[名校联盟]广东省信宜市第一中学高三英语专题复习《如何做主旨

1、How To Get The Main Idea?How To Get The Main Idea?如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题?信宜一中 sunny技巧技巧 常见的提问形式常见的提问形式 1) What does the writer mainly tell us? 2) Which of the following can summarize the main idea of this text? 3) Which of the following best expresses the main idea? 4) Which is the subject discussed in th

2、e text? 5) The best headline for this newspaper article is _. 6) Whats the best title for this passage?The position of the topic sentenceAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentence Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and

3、 eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world. ？_ Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only

4、 be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance So, it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearance We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster. To many of natures animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming

5、 of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to Americas great western plains, they killed millions of bison（北美野牛北美野牛）, poisoned the prairie dogs（草原犬鼠）草原犬鼠）, and shot the coyotes（郊狼郊狼）. All this upset the areas balance of nature. For the animals, it was worse than a flood or earthqu

6、ake. Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer

7、 in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at

8、Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetailPractice练习练习 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hurry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may di

9、scover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales trick is called “bait（诱饵）诱饵） and switch”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another

10、 more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buyer BewareB. Closeout(出清存货) Sale C. Crime Pays D. Buying a TV Set This sales trick is called “bait and switch”.Ex .1 Reading is the key to school s

11、uccess and, like any skill it takes practice. A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other. A great athlete practices until he can play quickly, accurately(精确精确), without thinking. Tennis players call that “ being” in the zone.”

12、 Educators call it “ automaticity (自动自动).Q: The first paragraph tells us _.A.what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acquired C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained.Ex.2Sample 4 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had ste

13、ak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft dr

14、ink. One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin（青霉素青霉素） saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia （肺炎（肺炎）was responsible for eighteen per

15、cent of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than one percent. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skate

16、s（旱冰鞋旱冰鞋）. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time! ？如何做主旨大意题如何做主旨大意题 做此类题目时，做此类题目时，第一第一：要搞清是问某一段要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括

17、文章的主题。如有标题，脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。第二：第二：任任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。便容易抓住文章的中心。Summary 第三第三: 要学会借助文章的结构来把握中要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。心思想。段落中心思想段落中心思想常常由主题句常常由主题句( T

18、opic sentence)来表达。主题句常常来表达。主题句常常出现在段首出现在段首(60%-90%)或段尾处或段尾处, 有时有时也在段落中间。同样也在段落中间。同样, 一篇文章的中心一篇文章的中心思想思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此此, 在阅读中在阅读中, 我们要对文章的开始段和我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。1所选有据，避免主观阅读他人作品，理解他人的意图，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈，自

19、以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，正好走进实的陷井。若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题多半会错。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”2符合原文的答案正确答案最佳答案 阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对，但从全文来看则不是最佳的。因此，必须通盘考虑，取主题，舍枝节。3解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己的方法。实践出真知，多练出效益。阅读下列短文或选段阅读下列短文或选段, 从每题所给的从每题所给的A、B、C和和D项中项中, 选出最佳选

20、项。选出最佳选项。(1) 2009年安徽卷年安徽卷Remembering names is an important social skill. Here are some ways to master it. Recite and repeat in conversation. When you hear a persons name, repeat it. Immediately say it to yourself several times without moving your lips. Ask the other person to recite and repeat. Afte

21、r youve been introduced to someone, ask that person to spell the name mad pronounce it correctly for you. 实战演练实战演练 Admit you dont know. Most of people will feel sympathy if you say, “Im working to remember names better. Yours is right on the tip of my tongue. What is it again?” Limit the number of n

22、ew names you learn at one time. When meeting a group of people, concentrate on remembering just two or three names. Free yourself from remembering every one. Another way is to limit yourself to learning just first names. Last names can come later. Go early. Consider going early to conferences, parti

23、es and classes. Sometimes just a few people show up on time. Thats fewer names for you to remember. And as more people arrive, you can hear them being introduced to othersan automatic review for you.59. What does the text mainly tell us?A. Tips on an important social skill. B. Importance of attendin

24、g parties.C. How to make use of associations. D. How to recite and repeat names.(1)A。由首段的两句话可知正确选项为由首段的两句话可知正确选项为A。选项。选项B和和C属属无关信息，文中找不到依据；选项无关信息，文中找不到依据；选项D只含局部信息，概只含局部信息，概括范围太窄。括范围太窄。(2) 2009年重庆卷年重庆卷Sir Steven Redgrave, winner of 5 Olympic Gold Medals, once said, “In 1997 I was found to have devel

25、oped diabetes (糖尿病糖尿病). Believing my career (职职业生涯业生涯) was over, I felt extremely low. Then one of the specialists said there was no reason why I should stop training and competing. That was itthe encouragement I needed. I could still be a winner if I believed in myself. I am not saying that it isnt

26、 difficult sometimes. But I wanted to prove to myself that I wasnt finished yet. Nothing is to stand in my way.”61. What does Sir Steven Redgrave mainly talk about? A. Difficulties influenced his career. B. Specialists offered him medical advice. C. Training helped him defeat his disease. D. He over

27、came the shadow of illness to win.(2)D。本段没有明显的主题句，归纳全段可知正确选项本段没有明显的主题句，归纳全段可知正确选项为为D。选项。选项A是局部信息；选项是局部信息；选项B和和C，文中没有信息支，文中没有信息支持。持。 细节理解解题 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, bu

28、t some types are deadly,the symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms。 5152 Certain microorganisms (微生物微生物) cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and m

29、any other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放释放) poisons that make people sick. Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad r