专题06找段落主题句、提高训练2019年高考英语阅读理解四选一七选五专题突破解析版

1、2019度:卖琏韩四选一七选五专题突破06找段落主罚力提苣i；练2我段落主题句很多语篇的段落都有主题句，后面以支撑句加以详细叙述、说明或论证。通常用以表达一个中心思想或者从一个角度对文章的主题进行阐述，而主题句统领段落的主题，决定了段落的一致性。解答该类题的关键就在于把握段落的主题句。1主题句的作用主题句通常由主题和作者的观点两部分组成，主题以及作者对该主题的观点和态度。作为段落传递信息的出发点，主题句简明扼要地告诉读者段落的线索和范围。主题句位置不是固定不变的，它可以位于段首，段中、段尾。主题句位于段首的情况比较多见。开门见山，直接点明段落主题，有助于确定段落的主线，使各个发展句围绕段落主题

2、自然展开；说明性与论说性段落尤其如此。在英语教学中，教师常常发现，学生拿到一个题目时，心乱如麻，理不出头绪。学习主题句的写作技巧对如何把握段落的结构走向，提高写作能力大有裨益。段落的成败取决于主题句的优劣，因此，段落写作的训练往往从写主题句入手。主题句位于段首：Thislocationdidhaveanumberofadvantages.Thedistrictofficerwashappytohavetheguests;thelocalnativechiefmadethemwelcome.Thelocation,inhighopencountrywithamagnificentviewdown

3、throughagaptomistyplainsbeyond,wasbeautiful,andtheaccommodationsprovidedweregood.主题句位于段中：CaliforniansandNewEnglandersarebothAmericans.Theyspeakthesamelanguageandabidebythesamefederallaws.Buttheyareverydifferentintheirwayoflife.Mobility,bothphysicalandpsychological,hasmadeagreatimpressionontheculture

4、ofCalifornians;lackofmobilityisamarkofthecustomsandmoralityofNewEnglanders.主题句位于段末：TheAmazonRiveristhewidestriverintheworld,withone-fifthofallthefreshwateronearthmovingthroughitsmouth.InlengthitissecondonlytotheNile,andifstretchedacrosstheUnitedStates,itwouldreachfromNewYorktoLosAngeles.Inaddition,t

5、heAmazoncoversthelargestareaofanyriver.Therefore,itcanbearguedthattheAmazonisthemightiestriveronearth.段尾主题句具有结论作用，是对前面句子的归纳总结。有的段落没有主题句，但段落连贯地表达了一个清晰的观点。段落中每句话都围绕这一观点。主题句隐含于段落之中。2.好的主题句应符合以下条件(1)完整。首先，主题句必须是完整的句子，而不是一个片段一个短语或词组。如"DifficultiesinSam'slife”不能成为主题句，它并未传达一个完整的含义。(2)清楚。由于主题句是一段话的

6、唯一的中心思想，它必须清楚，明确而肯定。不能出现模棱两可的意思使读者困惑。下面两句中的第一句不适合成为主题句因为句子意思不明确只是一种暗示。读者不知道“something"指啥。Nooneshouldgointothejunglewithoutsomething.Nooneshouldgointothejunglewithouttherightequipment.(3)主题句决定内容限定在一段落。作者为段落所定的主题应该适于一段话的长度。必须有明显的针对性，限定于话题的某个方面。一段话足以阐释清楚，倘若主题句过分笼统或宽泛，一段话不可能将中心思想说明白。如果太狭窄则不需要任何支撑句。

7、如下面第一句话题过大，需用篇章或多段探讨，第二句发展阐释的空间狭窄。只是一件事实，难于深入讨论。WritingcompositioninEnglishisverydifficultfortheChinesestudents.(toogeneral).WaltDisneyWorldisasecondhugeamusementparkoutsideofOrlando,Florida.(toonarrow)(4)中心思想的表达有助于发展或进一步说明解释。用于陈述中心思想的关键词应准确地告知读者他们可在段落中了解到东西。也可说从主题句就得到一种暗示了。主题句也有助于作者紧扣中心写段落，不偏离方向。Cl

8、othingstylechangesfromcountrytocountry.WehadahardtimegettingMaryoutoftheholeshehadfalleninto.主题句往往包含主题和中心思想。中心思想可以扩充和阐释。如：YellowstoneParkisinAmerica.没有扩充的余地，只是一个客观事实，改写为YellowstoneParkinAmericaisnotedforitshotsprings,便可以用例子描述来扩展成一段话。（5）措辞精准。主题句优劣很大程度取决于词汇的选择和句子结构。构想主题句前应仔细推敲用词和句法。尽可能用最清楚，确切，得体的词语表达，

9、而不是模糊含混笼统啰嗦的词语和结构错综复杂的句型。根据以上要求，下列句子均不是恰当的主题句；A. IreadanovelwrittenbyMarkTwainlastnight.B. Mysisterhadherhaircutyesterday.C. DuringhertriptoLondon,shemetoneofheroldfriends.D. IlikeChinaverymuch.E. MyhometownisfamousbecauseitislocatedbyHuanguoshuWaterfall,whichisverybeautiful.F. TheTamesisinEngland,a

10、nditisamightyriver.G. Jobinterview'simportance提高训练2第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和D）中，选出最佳选项。ATheBest-SellingSongsoftheWeekWelcometoMusicGround,aradioshowthatgivesyouawonderfulFridaynight.I'mJustinYoung.It'stimeagainforthebest-sellingsongsoftheweek.Stan

11、leyBrown'sPerhapsisanewsongthatcomesinatNo.5thisweek.SayCheesebyOKBandstaysinthesameplaceatNo.4.TheBeesbyCindyBearfallsdownfromNo.2toNo.3.AndNo.2isanothernewsongcalledAreYouThere?byBrokenBasket.Finally,there'snochangeatNo.1,withMagicRiverbyStupidMachine.Manypeoplearecallinginforthisfavorites

12、ong,solet'slistentoitrightnowanddon'tgoaway.Laterwe'lltalkoverthephonewithStupidMachineabouttheirplansforthecomingyear.No.1-No.5Thisweek1. MagicRiverYtupidMachine2. AreyouThere?BrokenBasket3. TheBeesindyBear4. SayCheeseKBand5. PerhapsStanleyBrown21. WhatisJustinYoungis?A.ATVreporter.B.Ap

13、opularsinger.C.Asongwriter.D.Aradioreporter.22. Peoplecanlistentothesongsungbysoon.A.StupidMachineB.BrokenBasketC.StanleyBrownD.CindyBear23. Howmanysongslistedabovearenewthisweek?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.D.Four.【答案】21-23DAB【解析】21根据文章第一句'WelsmetoMusicGround,aradioshowthat词知，这是一个电台音乐节目。由此可推知JustmYoung是

14、一个广播节目主持人。故选D”22.Ac由“Finally,there'snochangeatNo.lMagicRjvsftryEtupId'lAdiine可知，人们可以听到由StupidMachine唱的哥?曲中故选A。2艾B。根据前后文可知本文共列出两苜新歌。故选BLearntoRaiseMoneyintheUSKids'WaysZhengLinisaJunior3studentinShijiazhuang,Hebei.Earlierthismonth,Zhengandhisclassmatesstoodonthestreetwithaboxaskingpeoplef

15、ordonations.Latertheygavethemoneytheygottothepoorstudentsintheirschool.ManyChinesestudentsraisemoneytohelppeopleinneed.Mostofthetime,theyholdaboxandaskfordonationsonthestreetorinthepark.OrtheysellthingslikeoldbooksandCDs.Thosestudentshavedoneagreatjobsofar.ThemoneyhelpsthestudentsinpoorareaslikeYunn

16、anandGansuwithnewclothes,pensandpencils.TeenagersintheUSmakedonations,too.ButtheyraisemoneyinadifferentwayTheyraisemoneybydoingsomethingforothers.Forexample,theysellhome-madefoodorplaymusicalconcertsintheirneighborhoodtoraisemoney.“Chinesetudentsliketowaitforpeopletodonate,orsellthingsthattheybuywit

17、htheirparents'money,GeDaoshun,anexpert."WhileUSkidsgetdonationsandgivepeoplesomethingusefulinreturn.GesaysChineseteenagersshouldlearntoraisemoneyintheUSkids'ways."Thatway,theycanshowtheirtalentsandpracticecommunication.Moreimportantly,theycanlearneverycoincounts.Theyhavetoworkhardt

18、ogetadonation.”24. WhomdidZhengLinandhisclassmatesraisemoneytohelp?A. Thepoorpeopleonthestreet.B. Thepoorstudentsintheirschool.C. Thehomelesspeopleinsomeareas.D. Thestudentsintheearthquakeareas.25. BydoingwhatdoteenagersintheUSmakedonations?A.Standingonthestreetwithabox.B.Askingtheirparentsformoney.

19、C.Waitingforpeopletodonate.D.Doingsomethingforothers.26. WhatdoesGeDaoshunthinkoftheUSkids'waysofraisingmoney?A. Theycanhelpthemlearnhowtoplaymusic.B. TheyarenotfitforChinesestudents.C. Theyaregoodforpracticingcommunication.D. Theytakestudentsmoretimetogetadonation.27. Whatshouldbethebesttitleof

20、thispassage?A.BetterWaysofMakingDonationsB.ImportanceofDonationsC.DifferencesbetweentheTwoCountriesD.GoodWaysofMakingMoney【答案】24-27BDCAt解析】24.Be.读文章第一r段最后一句"La®theygavethemoneyrli?ygottothepoorimdentsintheir5卜口。1可知选E项。15.De读文章第三段中TeenagersintheU$makedonatiaiis.too.Butthbraisemoneyinadjflfe

21、rentway-thevraisemoneybydoingsomethingforothers可知,选D1页©26. C。读文章最后一段中“GesaysChineseteenagersshouldlearntoraisemoneyintheUSkids'ways.theycanshowtheirtalentsandpracticecommunication.可知，选C项。”27. Ao通读全文，本文认为美国学生募集捐款的方式比我国学生募集捐款的方式要好，故选A项。CChuckWallteachesmanagementandhumanrelationsatBakersfield

22、College.Hewalkedintoclassonedayandtoldhisstudentsthattheirhomeworkwastoperformoneactofrandom（任意的）kindness.Hisstudentsdidnotunderstandthehomeworkanddidn'knowwhattodo,buttheprofessorwouldnotanswertheirquestions.Heencouragedhisstudentstoworkitoutforthemselves.Oneweeklater,thestudentsenteredtheclass

23、roomexcitedtosharetheirstories.Onestudenttoldofgivingawayblanketstothehomeless.Anotherreportedonhelpingadogtofinditsowner,andanotherstudenthadbeentryingtofindalong,lostfriend.Studentswereenergized（给予活力）bythehomeworkassignmentandwantedotherpeopletobekindtoo.Withthesupportoflocalbusinesses,thestudents

24、madestickerstoputoncarsthatinvitedpeopletodosomethingkindforothers.Theysoldthestickersanddecidedtodonatethemoneytoacenterfortheblind-notsurprisingasProfessorWallisblind.Sincethen,similarkindnessactivitieshavebeenstartedinschoolsaroundtheworld.ManyschoolsorganizeaRandomActsofKindnessWeek,aroundNovemb

25、er13th,tocelebrateWorldKindnessDay.SomeschoolsuseeachdayofRandomActsofKindnessWeektoperformadifferentkindact,suchasmakinganewfriend,helpingsomeone,doingcommunityservice,orraisingmoneyforacharity.Studentslearntoconsiderotherpeopleandthinkabouthowsmallactionscanmaketheworldabetterplace.28. Whatwasthep

26、rofessor'shomeworktoaskhiststddentsA.Towriteaboutkindness.B.Tobekindtostrangers.C.Tospendtimehelpingother.D.Togoouttoraisemoney.29. Itiscertainthat.A. thestudentsgotgoodgradesinChuck'sclassB. kindnessactivitiesarenotwidelyacceptedC. ChuckWallwasnotgoodatdesigninghomeworkD. thestudentsonlyhel

27、pedpeopletheyknew30. Inkindnessactivitieswhatcanstudentslearn?A.Todealwithdifficultthings.B.Todogreatthingseveryday.C.Toknowabouttheworld.D.Toconsiderotherpeople.31. Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.LearningKindThingsB.TeachingKindnessC.WorldKindnessDayD.BakersfieldCollege【答案】28-31CADB【解析】28. C.题干文

28、中教授给学生布置的作业是什么，根据题干我们可以对应到文章中andtold出¥由1加ntsthattheirhomeworkwastoperfotmoneactofrandomkindne1羽一；i随机偶然的善行），所以本题是一个细节题*根据对文章中提到的performoneaaof;和理解我们可以很容易的排触A和D两个选项.最终在B和C选项中纠结。所以此处我们还需要回到原文,找出最符合原文的选项。通过阅读和对比会发现B选项太过笼统，并且根据文章后面的情节展开可以看到大量的学生帮助他人的行为和事例，可以锁定答案为C选项，所以，在做细节题的时候，面对强干扰选项'我们一定要回到原文

29、,再次检索，根据文童提示，找出最符合原文的选项口答案选C.29. Ao我们需要对每个选项进行逐个推敲排除。A选项：在文章中并无明显的证据，继续往下看。B选项：与该句子“Sincethen,similarkindnessactivitieshavebeenstartedinschoolsaroundtheworld.矛盾。C选项：”“Studentswereenergizedbythehomeworkassignment可以看出学生对此次作业还是很感兴趣的，足以说明C选项错误。D选项：从"Onestudentoldofgivingawayblanketstothehomeless.&q

30、uot;HmeieysDeopletheyknew矛盾。所以，答案选A。30. D。根据“Studentslearntoconsiderotherpeopleandthinkabouthowsmallactionscanmaketheworldabetterplace”可知答案选D。31-B.主旨题(选最佳标题)，A选项:学习善行，友善。百选项：善的教育。C选项：世界友善日，D选项：Baker切包d大学。其中C和D都是比较好抖滁的选项。那么这篇文章到底是讲学习善，还是关于善的教盲呢?因为本文是命名题，而文章名或文章标题的拟定除了要结合文章主旨之外，在某矛将呈度上还会影响作者的行文。文童开篇讲到

31、教授的作业,通过后文不难看出此教授的高明之处，通过让学生自己去理解并进行实践的方式来教导学生什么是善。因此答案为E选项。DTheInternet,mobilephonesandIpadsarepartofourlivesnow.Technologyisgreatlyaffectingallwaysofourlives,fromthewaysweworktothewaysweplay.Anditevencausesanumberofsocialproblemssuchascloninghumans.Wehavehadlotsoftechnologyandithaschangedourlivesa

32、lot.Thereisnodoubtthathumanswillcontinuetousemoreandmoretechnology.Herearesomeexamplesofmoderntechnologythatwillchangeourideasandwillaffectourlivesgreatly.Globalpositioningsystem(GPS)It'sasystemthasesradiosignalsfromsatellitestoshowexactinformation.Ittellsyouwheretheuserisontheearthinallweatherc

33、onditions.It'smadeupofthreeparts:satellites,controlequipmentonlandandreceiverSpaceTechnologyRussianandAmericanscientistshaveworkedtogetherfortheinternationalSpaceStation(ISS)foralongtime.TheyhopetheISSwillprovidealong-lastinglab.Suchalabwillbringhumanslimitlessadvantages.It'evenhopedthatoned

34、ayspacetechnologywilltakehumanstotheirnewhousesinspace.UnderwaterRobotHerculesisakindofunderwaterrobotwithsomehightechnologyequipment.Itwillbeusedtosearchforancientshipswhichweredestroyedintothedeepseaduringtheirjourneylongago.Theworldischangingsoquicklythatit'shardforustocatchupwithallthenewinv

35、entionsbecausetheyseemtocomeouteverymonth.It'simportantforustolearnaboutnewtechnologyandtherolethatitplaysinourlives.Soweshouldbewillingtoacceptmoderntechnology,orwewillfallbehindthetimes.32. Whatcantellyouwheretheuserisontheearthexactly?A.Satellites.B.Receivers.C.GlobalPositioningSystem.D.Under

36、waterRobot.33. WhatisHerculesusedtodo?A.Savelivesinthesea.B.Takepictureinthesea.C.Repairthebrokenships.D.Lookfortheancientshipsinthesea.34. Fromthepassage,weknowthat.A. theuseofGPSisaffectedbytheweatherconditionsB. it'sverportantforustolearnaboutnewtechnologyC. it'seasyforustocatchupwithallt

37、henewinventionsD. technologybringsusmanyadvantagessuchascloninghumans35. Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A. Tohelpusstudysomenewtechnology.B. Totellustechnologyischangingtheworld.C. Tohelpsolvetheproblemsthattechnologycauses.D. Toremindustheadvantagesoftechnologyarelimitless.【答案】32-35CDBB【解析】32. Co中俄居G

38、lobalpositioningsystem(GPS)It飞&systemthatusesradiosignalsfromsatellitesto由小丫sxaninformationIttellsyouwheretheuserisontheearthinal：weatherconditions.描述可%选C.33. D&根据HerculesItwillbeusedtosearchforancientshipswhichweredestroyedintothedeepseaduringUieirjourneylong退。描述，可知选D中34. Bo根据最后一段It5importa

39、ntforustolearnaboutnewtechnology7andtherolethatitplaysinourHv拶一描述j可知选克.Bo这篇短文通过介绍几种新科技，来告诉我们现在的科学技术发展速度很快，我们只有不断学习才能赶上科学发展的脚步，故选Bo第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，？茜分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Therulesabouthowtotalk,eatandsit,whicharehighlylimited,areobservedinmostWesternrestaurantsandhomes.16ManyWe

40、sternershavenoideahowtoactattheChinesedinnertable.Noforksorknivesforthemtouse!TheChinesehostmakesgreat,sweepingarmmovementsthatgooverlargesectionsofthetable,passingoverbothfoodandfriendsalike.17However,itleavesmanyforeignersatalossforwhattodo.Inmychildhoodhome,dinnerwasenjoyedwithlowvoices,andthetopicsthatwecoulddiscusswereverylimited.18IfIhadtoleavethetabletousethetoilet,Ihadt