人教版八年级下册知识点

1、1.Have you ever been to a science museum?你曾经去过科学博物馆吗？ Yes, I have. 是的，我去过。【解析1】ever 曾经 (ever用于现在完成时的疑问句和否定句中) Have you ever seen the film? No, never.【解析2】have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析： 1) have/ has been to + 地名 “曾经去过某地”，现已经回到原地。 He has been to England twice. 他曾经去过英国两次。

2、(现在已经不在英国了) Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上） 2) have gone to “已经去某地了”，某人去了某地还没回来。 He has gone to England。他已去英国了。(到达英国或在去英国的路上)( ) 1. Mary isnt here. She has _ the shop. A. been to B. went to C. gone to D. /( ) 2. A number of tourists _ Yangzhou many times because it is such a

3、beautiful city. A. have been to B. has been to C. has gone to D. have gone to3) have been in +地点 “在某地呆多久”，常与时间段搭配。 I have been in Shanghai for three years.注：地点副词前不可加介词。 I have been here for three years.2. Me neither 我也没有。【解析】在英语中，表示“也”的知识归纳如下： 主语 + neitherA. 否定句中的“也” neither +助动词/be + 主语 完整的否定句后加eit

4、her，但要加逗号隔开。He didnt go to school. 他没有去上学。Me neither. /Neither did I./ I didnt go to school , either. 我也没去。 主语 + too B.肯定句中的“也” so +助动词/be+ 主语 完整的肯定句后加too，且要用逗号隔开。 He is a good student. 他是好学生。 Me too. /So am I. /Im a good student, too. 我也是。( ) Peter has never been to a water park. _. A. I havent nei

5、ther B. I havent too C. Me too D. Me neither3. Lets go somewhere different today. 咱们今天去个不同的地方吧。【解析】形容词修饰不定代词/副词后置。【注】somewhere 表达地点时，前面不用介词。 Go and play somewhere else.( ) 1. Have you bought _ for Lindas birthday? Not exactly. Just some flowers, A. something unusual B. anything unusual C. unusual so

6、mething D. unusual anything( ) 2.How do you like the talk show? I think its _, but some people think its so_. A. wonderful enough; bored B. enough wonderful; boring C. wonderful enough; boring D. enough wonderful; bored【拓展】不定副词：somewhere, anywhere, nowhere somewhere在某处用在肯定句中anywhere无论何处用在否定句或疑问句中now

7、here在什么地方都不否定词，=notanywhereeverywhere各处，到处=here and there 【用法】不定副词被定语修饰时，定语必须放在其后 somewhere warm 暖和的地方 ( ) 1. I dont want to go _. A. somewhere cold B. cold somewhere C. anywhere cold D. cold anywhere ( ) 2.Do you have your summer plan, Bill? Well, I want to go _ to relax with my family. A. interest

8、ing somewhere B. nowhere interesting C. somewhere interesting( ) 3.Where would you like to go on vacation, Lily? Its hot here. Id like to go _. A. anywhere cool B.cool somewhere C.somewhere cool4. Its really interesting, isnt it?【反意疑问句】 结构： 陈述句 + 附加疑问句？ 原则： 1.前肯后否，前否后肯 2.前名后代 3.时态一致 【2013温州1】ItsFath

9、ersDay, ?Yes.LetsbuyagiftforDad. A.isntitB.doesntitC.isntheD.doesnthe【2013永州1】Yourschoolisverybeautiful,_? A.isntitB.isitC.isyourschool【2013益阳3】Jimhadnothingforbreakfastthismorning,_?_.Hegotuptoolate. A.hadshe;YesB.Hadnthe;YesC.didhe;No5. I learned about the inventions that led to color movies, too.

10、【解析1】invent v.发明inventor n.发明家 invention n. 发明【记】Edison , a great _, _over 1000_ all his life.(invent) 1. I think the light bulb is one of the most important_(invent) 2. The car _(invent) in 1885.invent发明指事物从无到有（客观上没有）discover发现强调事物本身存在，只不过从“未知”到“已知”（客观上以前存在） Gibert _electricity, but Edison _ the el

11、ectric light bulb. 吉尔贝特发现了电，而爱迪生发明了电灯泡。1. The light bulb is one of the most useful _(invent) in the world.2. What do you think is the greatest _ (invent) of the twentieth century? 3. After hard training for a long time, Liu Xiang _the records again. A. brokeB. achievedC. inventedD. completed【解析2】lea

12、d led led v引导，引诱 leader n 领导人【谚语】All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马【拓展】 1) lead to sth 导致 Too much work and too little rest oftenlead toillness. 过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。 2) lead sb. to sw 引导某人去某地 The tour guide led us to many different places. 导游带我们去了很多地方。 3) lead sb. to do sth 引导某人干某事 He leads us to work har

13、d. 他带着我们努力工作。6.We put up a tent and cooked outside. 【解析】put up 搭起；举起；张贴【短语】put away 把收起来 put on 穿上 put out 熄灭 put down 放下【2013湖北孝感4】_ your sunglasses, Sally. The sun is so bright. A. Put down B. Put up C. Put away D. Put on7. They have information about different computers and who invented them. 他们掌

14、握了关于不同电脑以及其发明者的信息。【解析】information信息；资料【辨析】information/message/ news 1) information指电视、电脑或其它媒介等获得的信息，为不可数名词； a piece of information 一条信息 You can get much information on the Internet. 2) message“消息、口信、电报” 指书面、口头、无线电等传来的信息，为可数名词； Ill leave a message for her. 3) news“新闻；消息”，指通过报纸、电台、电视等新闻媒介报道的最新消息，为不可数名

15、词。 a piece of news 一则新闻 No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Is there any good news today? 今天有什么好消息吗？( ) 1.What _ can you give me on learning English? I think you could join an English club A. advice B. news C. messages D. information( ) 2. Just search the internet, you can get almost all the _ you need

16、. A. informations B. information C. picture D. story( ) 3. Where is Thomas? He left a _ . A. information B. message C. news( ) 4. The students didnt find much _ about the topic on that website. A. report B. article C. information D. story8. Its unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a r

17、apid way! 【解析1】unbelievable 难以置信的；不真实的【记】believe +able = believable 可信的 un + believable =unbelievable 难以置信的 That story is unbelievable.【解析2】progress v进步；进展 n(不可数n) make progress in 在方面 取得进步 I have made much progress in English. 我在英语方面取得很大的进步。【2012湖北黄冈3】Why is Harveys mother so happy? Because only th

18、ree students _, _ his son Harvey. A. failed the exam ;besides B. made progress; except C. made progress; including D. passed the exam; without9. I wonder how much more computers will be able to do in the future. 我想知道电脑在将来能否做更多的事情。【解析】wonder 1) v.想要知道= want to know后接从句，也可接“疑问词+不定式” I wonder who she i

19、s. I wonder what to do next. 2) n. 惊奇；奇观 the seven wonders of the world 世界七大奇观【记】 I wondered how on earth this wonder was built. ( ) 1.Is Kate serious? I _. She never means it. A. suppose B. agree C. believe D. wonder ( ) 2.I wonder when you _in New York. I will send an e-mail to you as soon as I _t

20、here. A. arrive; will get B. will arrive; get C. will arrive; will get10. Ive really been to a very unusual museum in India , the International Museum of Toilets. 我曾去过印度一个不同寻常的博物馆，印度厕所博物馆。【解析】unusual adj.特别的；不同寻常的（反）usual an unusual experience 不同寻常的经历【2013湖北】This is a useful dictionary, I think. So

21、it is, and its _unusual one. A. the B. anC. a D. 不填【拓展】 un + adj. unhappy unfortunate uneasy unlucky unable unfriendly unimportant11. It also encourage governments and social groups to think about ways to improve toilets in the future. 它激励政府和社会团体积极想方法去改进未来的厕所。【解析1】encourage sb. to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 enc

22、ourage sb. in sth 在某方面鼓励某人【2013辽宁鞍山3】Jessicas parents always encourage her _ out her opinions. A. speak B. speaking C. to speak D. will speak【解析2】social 社会的 society n 社会 socialist 社会主意者 social problem 社会问题12. Its a relaxing and peaceful place near a lake. 它靠近湖，是一个令人放松和安静的地方。【解析】peaceful adj. 和平的，安宁的

23、【拓展】peace n. 和平 peaceful adj. 和平的 peacefully adv. 和平地【拓展记忆】beauty n. 美丽 beautiful adj. 美丽的 help n. 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的 use n. 用途 useful adj. 有用的 thank n. 感谢 thankful adj. 感激的 1. That night was so _(peace)2. All the people who love_hope that the world is _forever, without wars.(peace)3. It is our ho

24、pe that we can live in a_ world and say goodbye to wars for ever. A. similar B. peaceful C. familiar D. natural13. The tea art performances show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets. 茶艺表演展示了如何用精美的茶具去泡出一杯好茶。【解析1】performan v. 表演；演出 performance n 演出；表演 musical performance 音乐演奏【解析2】p

25、erfect adj. 完美的 Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧( ) She speaks English _ than I. A. Perfect B. Perfectly C. more perfect D.more perfectly.14. Watching them prepare the tea with the beautiful tea sets is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself. 看着他们用精美的茶具泡茶就如同品茶一样享受。【解析1】 tea sets 茶具 green tea 绿茶 bl

26、ack tea 红茶 milk tea 奶茶 Oolong tea 乌龙茶 make tea 泡茶 serve tea to . 给敬茶【解析2】itself 它自己反身代词 1) 反身代词的构成 一、二人称的反身代词构成：形容词性物主代词+self/selves构成单数myselfyourself复数ourselvesyourselves 第三人称的反身代词构成：人称代词宾格+self/selves单数：himselfherselfitself复数： themselves2) 反身代词的常见搭配：enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴by o

27、neself =alone 独自 teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 help oneself to 随便吃 introduce oneself to 自我介绍hurt oneself 伤到自己 improve oneself 提高自己 look after oneself照顾自己 leave sb by oneself把某人单独留下lose oneself in 沉迷于 say to oneself 自言自语 for oneself 为了某人自己 dress oneself 给某人自己穿衣服 3) 反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。【2013浙江温州】Ill

28、have a tennis game tomorrow. Im a little bit nervous. Believe in _ . Youre the best in our club. A. herself B. myself C. yourself D. himself【2013 上海】My old neighbor Charles felt _ after his children moved out. A. lonely B. safely C. angrily D. happily15. And collecting tea sets. 和收集茶具【解析】collect v.

29、收集 collection n. 收藏 collector n. 收藏家 collect stamps /coins 收集邮票/硬币 have a collection of books 收藏书【记】He is a famous _ and he has _ a lot of _(collect).Tom has been _ stamps since he was in Grade Three(collect). He is a great _. Now he has a great _of stamps(collect).( ) _ you _ stamps since you were

30、six? A. Did; collect B. Do; collect C. Have; collect D. Have ; been collecting 16. There are some special German paintings there right now. 【解析1】German 德国人 （pl) Germans 国家 国籍形容词 居民 China 中国的Chinese 中国人Chinese Japan日本的Japanese日本人Japanese England 英国的English 英国人Englishman Canada加拿大的Canadian 加拿大人Canadian America( The United States)美国的 American美国人American Australia澳大利亚的Australian澳大利亚人Australian【解析2】right now 1) 现在= at the moment 可用于一般现在时或现在进行时 They are listening to the concert right now. 2