采购与供应链管理课件10海外采购

1、Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Speaker: Yuan Shi Logistics Engineering email: Part 1:Introduction and strategyWhat is purchasingStrategic purchasingOrganization and structure of supplyPurchasing proceduresPart 2:Strategy, tactics and operations（1）：）：purchasing factorsStandard and management

2、of qualityrelationshipBuying at the right priceSupply organization and supplier management,supplier relationships(2)Part 3:Strategy, tactics and operations（2）：）：Contrasting approaches to purchasingContrasting approaches to supply（2） Buying from overseasPart 4:Strategy, tactics and operations（3）：）：lo

3、gisticsStoring of supply goods, materials transportationPart 5:Strategy, tactics and operations（4）：）：supply tools,supplier relationships and performancenegotiationSupply toolsPurchasing research, performance and ethicsChapter 14 Buying from overseas1.International purchase and global sourcingnIntern

4、ational purchase：nA commercial transaction between a buyer and seller located in different countries. nBut it dont need to coordinate the requirements across worldwide business units.nGlobal purchase：nthe coordination and integration of procurement requirements across worldwide business units, looki

5、ng at common items, processes, technologies and suppliers. 1.International purchase and global sourcing an example of global sourcingnA company has main business in both Northern American and Europe, but its suppliers are mainly in Asia. nBecause of the common requests and too many suppliers, and an

6、 expansion of plants location, the vice president of global purchase thought it is important to create the staff of global goods management. nSo there are many positions like global goods organization, and every people is responsible for a special global business that is common requested.Consider &a

7、mp; discuss：why is it so important to distinguish global purchase from international purchase, from the view of supply chain?（P431-14.1）2. Motives for buying from overseas The primary reason for buying overseas is to obtain some form of competitive advantages. The reasons for international purchase

8、include：、changes for business environment： Intense international competition Pressure to reduce cost The need for manufacturing flexibility Stringent quality standard（Panasonic） Ever-changing technology2. Motives for buying from overseas、factors relating to the needs or competitiveness of the partic

9、ular enterprisenDomestic non-availability of, for example, commodities such as rubber, cotton or copper.nInsurance reasons, such as buying abroad to maintain continuity of supplies when domestic sources are threatened by shortages or strikes.nCompetitiveness of overseas sources, including lower pric

10、es, improved delivery and better quality.nReciprocal(互惠互惠) trading and countertrade resulting from policy reasonsnAccess to worldwide technologynTo obtain penetration of a growth market. Toyota, for example, sources from the Pacific Rim（环太平洋圈（环太平洋圈） not only to achieve lower costs but also enter mar

11、kets with restrictive quotas by increasing the local content component of the car.、factors relating to the needs or competitiveness of the particular enterprise3. Information regarding buying from overseas Before firms can commit themselves to purchasing abroad, the most used information sources on

12、potential suppliers：nProfessional contacts - 48%nTrade journal 43.7%nDirections(公司目录公司目录) 31.1% nTrading companies（贸易公司）（贸易公司） 30.4%nImport brokers - （进口代理商）（进口代理商）-24.4%Other sources of information include：nVisits to the proposed overseas supplier （balance the cost and benefit）nReferences furnished

13、 by the proposed overseas suppliersnCommercial attaches and other government departments of foreign nationsnShipping and forwarding agentsnBanks, the world banknChambers of commerce, trade fairs, exhibitionsnCustoms and Excise departmentDiscussion (P542) 14.3:what sources of information relating to

14、overseas suppliers would you use when looking for:n（a）（）（sensitive）commodityn（b）components or assembliesn（c）capital equipment?四 海外购买的困难一大类：风险类因素：一大类：风险类因素：及时系统（及时系统（JIT）组织货源的需要）组织货源的需要为了避免交货延迟的风险，需要较大的缓为了避免交货延迟的风险，需要较大的缓冲库存，导致高库存成本。冲库存，导致高库存成本。物流对较长的供应线的支持；物流对较长的供应线的支持；（问问14.4若在较长的供应链基础上进行海外组若在较长的供应

15、链基础上进行海外组织货源隐含什么问题？）织货源隐含什么问题？）4. Difficulties when buying from overseas1. The risk factors：1.1 JIT sourcing requirementsto avoid the risk of delay delivery, a relative big buffer inventory is needed, which leads to a high inventory cost.1.2 Logistics support for longer supply links;（14.4 what are t

16、he implications for overseas sourcing of longer supply chains?）n货币汇率的变动货币汇率的变动例子，如一家英国公司购买价值例子，如一家英国公司购买价值100 000美美元的固定设备，现货记美元兑换英镑元的固定设备，现货记美元兑换英镑，个月支付期。，个月支付期。美元对英镑美元对英镑2.25:1 44 445英镑英镑 1.75 :1 57142英镑英镑n1.3 Fluctuations in currency exchange ratesfor example，a company bought a 100 000-dollar fixe

17、d instrument，现货记美，现货记美元兑换英镑元兑换英镑two dollars a pound， pay in 6 monthsDollars to pounds2.25:1 ,44 445pounds 1.75 :1, 57142pounds1.4 Reduce foreign exchange riskn：Arranging to buy in the currency of the buyer（according to the prediction, decide which currency to use；price adjustment provision）n：reduce

18、the uncertainty by hedging with forward contracts for a period of no longer than 6 months.n：buy currency options：nsuch contracts give the purchaser the right to buy or sell foreign currency at a specified price within a specified time period. nUnder forward contracts, options allow the purchaser to

19、benefit from favorable fluctuations in exchange rates.Reduce foreign exchange risknegotiate currency adjustment clause：n4.1 payment may be in a currency other than that of the purchaser or buyer；n4.2 ，if the exchange rate exceeds these parameters then the contract price shall be renegotiated;n4.3the

20、 contract shall be subject to an exchange rate fluctuation equal to the average of the exchange rate at the time of signing the contract and that at the date of the delivery.XYReduce foreign exchange risk四 海外购买的困难（续）第二大类：文化类因素第二大类：文化类因素文化和语言的差异：谈判的进程文化和语言的差异：谈判的进程;GuanXi;语言语言;对时间的态度（谁最守时？）对时间的态度（谁最守

21、时？）;信息分享和信息分享和共同决策（日本的共同决策）共同决策（日本的共同决策）;价值观（行贿价值观（行贿受贿在有些国家是不可避免受贿在有些国家是不可避免,有的国家触犯法有的国家触犯法律律.(Morocoo,USA, Lonely Planet ）国外商务贸易实践的知识国外商务贸易实践的知识民族主义的态度的行为，政治环境的了解民族主义的态度的行为，政治环境的了解关税和海关制度及法规关税和海关制度及法规4. Difficulties when buying from overseas ii) Cultural factors Differences in cultures and languag

22、es：pace of negotiation; GuanXi; language; attitude towards time（who is time keeping？）？）;information share and common decision（Japanese common decision）;values（in some countries, giving and receiving of bribes may be excepted.(Morocoo, USA, Lonely Planet ） Knowledge of foreign business trade practice

23、; （国外商（国外商贸实践的知识）贸实践的知识） behavior of nationalism(民族主义的态度的行为民族主义的态度的行为) know about political Environment; Tariffs and customs system and laws5. Customs and excisenAll goods, new or used, imported into the EU from outside the EU are subject to customs duty（import duty or import tax）and value added tax（VAT）. Import duty rate are set annually. nThe rate of import duty varies according to the type of goods imported and the country of origin.6 IncotermsInternational Commercial TermsInc