授课人程建芳

1、Welcome授课人授课人:程建芳程建芳复习要点复习要点Tom broke the window. （主动语态）（主动语态） The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态）（被动语态） 英语的谓语动词有两种语态英语的谓语动词有两种语态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态（前者表示句子的（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者主语为动作的承受者。）。）从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中在被动句中变成了短语变成了短语by Tom，主动句中的宾语，主动句中的宾语the

2、 window变成了被变成了被动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语，因此，因此，。被动语态的构成被动语态的构成时时 间间一一 般般进进 行行完完 成成现现 在在 am/is/are asked 被问被问 am/is/are being asked 正在被问正在被问 have/has been asked 已经被问过已经被问过过过 去去 was/were asked（过去）被问（过去）被问 was/were being asked（过去）正被问（过去）正被问 had been asked（过去）已被问过（过去）已被问过将将 来来 sh

3、all/will be asked 将要被问将要被问1被动语态的各种时态均由助动词被动语态的各种时态均由助动词be的的变化构成。变化构成。2被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。词或第一个助动词构成。3.人称和时态的变化体现在人称和时态的变化体现在be动词上，而动词上，而过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。过去分词在任何时态中都不改变。过去将来过去将来 should/would be asked（过去）将要被问（过去）将要被问被动语态基本构成：被动语态基本构成：be+过去分词过去分词常见的被动结构常见的被动结构v1SVO句型句型的被动结构的被动结构 S

4、VO句型中的谓语为单宾及物动词，其被动结构是：句型中的谓语为单宾及物动词，其被动结构是： S + V(被动式被动式) (+ by短语短语)。 He wrote the book two years ago. The book was written by him two years ago. v.2 SVoO句型句型的被动结构的被动结构 SVoO句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是：句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是： S + V(被动式被动式) + O/o(保留宾语保留宾语) (+ by短语短语)。 My aunt gave me an apple. * I was giv

5、en an apple. An apple was given to me. 一般把间接宾语（表示人）作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（表示物）作为保留一般把间接宾语（表示人）作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（表示物）作为保留宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前面通常要用介词面通常要用介词to或或for（视动词而定）（视动词而定）v3 SVOC句型句型的被动结构的被动结构 SVOC句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S + V(被动式被动式)

6、+ C(主语补足语主语补足语) (+ by短语短语)。 People usually call me Jim for short. I am usually called Jim for short v4 短语动词的被动结构短语动词的被动结构 短语动词的被动结构是：短语动词的被动结构是：S + V(被动式被动式) + 介词介词/副词副词 (+ by短短语语)。 在将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副在将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词（如以上句中的词（如以上句中的for, off, of）不能遗漏。）不能遗漏。 We have sent fo

7、r a doctor. A doctor has been sent for v5 带带情态动词情态动词的被动结构的被动结构 带情态动词的被动结构是：带情态动词的被动结构是：S + V(情态动词情态动词+主要动词的被动式主要动词的被动式) (+ by短语短语) You must do it at once. It must be done at once.各种时态的被动结构练习各种时态的被动结构练习1、The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world. A. considers B. is considering C. is consid

8、ered D. has considered 2、John _ , for he went swimming yesterday without permission.A.would punished B. had punished C. punished D. was punished3、- Have you moved into the new house ?- Not yet .Rooms _. A. are painting B. are painted C. are being painting D. are being painted一般时态：一般时态：am/is/are +过去分

9、词过去分词现在进行时态：现在进行时态：am/is/are +being +过去分词过去分词过去时态：过去时态：was/were +过去分词过去分词4、Mr. Wu was in hospital . when we went to see him , he _on . A. operated B. was operated C. was operating D. was being operated 5、The new school _ when the new term begins. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. wou

10、ld finish6、The old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long . A. invited B. had invited C. was inviting D. would be invited 过去进行时态：过去进行时态：was/were + being +过去分词过去分词一般将来时态：一般将来时态：will + be+过去分词过去分词过去将来时态：过去将来时态：would + be+过去分词过去分词7、With the help of the Hope Project, more and more n

11、ew schools _ in the poor area. A. built B. have built C. have been built D. have been building8、He came out and told us that the work _.A. finished B. was finished C. had finished D. had been finished 9、The programmes _ easily if you use a short wave radio. A. can pick up B. pick up C. picked up D.

12、can be picked up现在完成时态：现在完成时态：have/has + been +过去分词过去分词过去完成时态：过去完成时态：had + been +过去分词过去分词情态动词：情态动词：情态动词情态动词+be +过去分词过去分词 不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。 The book was first published in the late 1990s.b)不便说出动作的执行者。不便说出动作的执行者。The plan was generally considered impractical.c)突出动作的承受者。突出动作的承受者。She is re

13、spected by all the workers of the factory.d)汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态 。Smoking is not allowed in public places.何时用被动语态何时用被动语态4）有些短语不用被动语态）有些短语不用被动语态 do ones best, make a face, make room(腾位子），腾位子），make up ones mind, belong to不用被动语态的情况（考点）1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen, break out ,ta

14、ke place The story was happened in 1934. ( ）2）表状态的动词不用被动语态表状态的动词不用被动语态；have, lack, fit I have a new bike.3）连系动词不用被动语态；）连系动词不用被动语态；The story is sounded true. ( ）1）感官动词）感官动词 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主动用主动形式表示被动。形式表示被动。 How sweet the music sounds ! Good medicine tastes bitter to the mou

15、th .2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词义。尤其是有副词 well, easily时。时。 The book sells well . ( 这本书销路很好。这本书销路很好。 ) The door will not open . ( 这扇门就是打不开。这扇门就是打不开。 ) This dress washes better . ( 这衣服较好洗。这衣服较好洗。 ) The sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。

16、这牌子告示如下。 )特殊情况特殊情况 （考试重点（考试重点 ）3）need, demand, want(需要）需要）, require, be worth等后用等后用动名词表被动。动名词表被动。 The desk needs repairing. The novel is worth seeing.注意：注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较：式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较： The desk needs repairing. The desk needs to b

17、e repaired.4) 注意动名词的被动形式，（注意动名词的被动形式，（being done) Nobody likes being laughed at. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。没人喜欢被嘲笑。Mr. Hodge was a 1 farmer . He had hundreds of chickens , and sold eggs and the meat and got a lot of 2 them , but he lived in a very 3 part of the country , and he found 4 his hens (母鸡母鸡) laid 5 in the s

18、ummer . So he decided to put air-conditionings （空（空调）调）into his chicken-house 6 they would lay well all through the year and he could get more eggs and in that way earn more money . The owner of the company which 7 the air-conditioning came to see him , and when he saw Mr. Hodges house , he thought that he might be able to persuade （说服）（说服）him to buy som