2016中考新目标英语八年级上册知识点总结(共38页)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上2013新版八年级上册1-10分单元知识点归类总结 Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?第一单元主要知识点：一、词组、短语1. go on vacation去度假 ，2. stay at home 呆在家， 3. go to the mountains 上山/进山 ，4. go to the beach到海边去，5. visit museums 参观博物馆，6. go to summer camp 去夏令营，7. quite a few 相当多， 8. study for为学习，9. go out 出去，10. most of th

2、e time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间，11. taste good 尝起来味道好，12. have a good time玩的开心，13. of course当然可以， 14. feel like感觉像/想要,15. go shopping购物，16. in the past 在过去，17. walk around绕走，18. too many 太多（可数名词前面），19. because of 因为， 20. one bowl of 一碗,21. find out 查出来/发现 ，22. go on继续，23. take photos 照相， 24. something important

3、重要的事情， 25. up and down上上下下， 26. come up出来 二、重要句子（语法）：1. Where did you go on vacation? 你到哪里去度假了？ I went to New York City. 我去了纽约城2. Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗？ No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.不，没有人在这儿大家度去度假了。3. Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗？ Yes, I bought something fo

4、r my father. 对，我给父亲买了一些东西。4. How was the food? 食物怎么样？ 5. Everything tasted really good. 每一样东西真的都好吃。6. Did everyone have a good time? 大家玩的开心吗？ Oh, yes. Everything was excellent. 对，一切都很精彩。三、习惯用法、搭配1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来3. nothing .but + V.(原形) 除了之外什么都没有4. seem + (

5、to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事14. Why not do sth.

6、 为什么不做.呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此以至于16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事/一直做某事18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事四、词语辨析：1)something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代词。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，no one, everybody， everyone是指人的不定代词。so

7、mewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地点的不定副词。2）当形容词修饰不定代词、不定副词时，放于其后； something special; somewhere wonderful.3）不定代词、不定副词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Is everybody here? 大家都到齐了吗？4）something，somebody，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：Did you do anything inte

8、resting? 你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）Why dont you visit someone with me? 你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）If anything happens, please tell me. 如果有事情发生，请告诉我。辨析：1. get to/reach/arrive 都是“到达“的意思get to+地点=reach+地点= arrive at+地点（小）=arrive in+地点（大）注意：若他们后面要加地点副词here, there, home等，则不需要加介词。(注：地点副词home，here，there前介词省略）2. nothing.bu

9、t do sth.意为“除.之外； 只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看电视什么也没干。 3. feel like 意为：“感受到；摸起来”，后跟宾语从句或名词。如：I felt like I was a bird. 我感觉我是一只鸟。 It feels like a stone. 它摸起来像一块石头。另外，构成短语 feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃东西。4. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做;乐意做 enjoy oneself

10、 过得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.5.I wonder what life was like here in the past. 我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样的wonder (1) n. 奇迹；令人惊讶的事情 如：No wonder! 难怪；不足为奇！(2) v. 惊讶 如：wonder at sth. ; wonder to do sth. 感到疑惑；想知道 如：I wonder where they are going. I wonder if he is at school.6.few与little 的区别： few,否定含义，很少，修饰可数名词a fe

11、w，肯定含义，一些，修饰可数名词little， 否定含义，很少，修饰不可数名词a little，肯定含义，一些，修饰不可数名词辨析quite a few与quite a little quite a few 意为“很多;不少”，修饰可数名词复数；quite a little 意为“很多;不少”，修饰不可数名词。a. He stays here for _ _ _days. b.There is _ _ _water in the bottle(瓶子).7. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然没有人感到烦闷。 1）seem意为“好像；似乎；看来”，是个连系动词

12、，构成的短语有：seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They seem to wait for you. 他们似乎在等你。seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如：He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday.昨天他似乎病了。 It seems that + 从句 似乎. 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 昨天他似乎病了。其他的系动词有：be ; feel(觉得）; keep（保持）; stay（保持）;look（看来.）;smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）taste（尝起来）2） bored (adj)，

13、意为“感到厌倦的、无聊的”,其主语是某人； boring(adj)，意为“令人厌倦的、无聊的”其主语是某物。 如：I got bored with the boring work. 我对这无聊的工作感到厌倦。相类似的词语还有： interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising辨析：bring与take bring意为“带来；拿来”， 指从别处带到说话者所在地。take意为“拿走；带走”， 指从说话者所在地带到别处去。8. decide（v）决定 decid

14、e to (not) do sth. = make a decision (not) to do sth. decision(n) decide on doing sth. 决定做某事如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。9. Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below. 1） because of + 名词/代词/名短 例如：I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因 because +从句 如：I do it becau

15、se I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢2）below意为“在.下面;低于”，其反义词为 above，意为“在.上10.enough 1) 形容词/副词enough 如：wet/quietly enough足够漂亮 enough 名词如：enough umbrellas 足够的雨伞 2) (形/副)enough+ (名) to do sth. 足够去做 如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is not old enough to go to school. 她年龄不够，不能去上学。 同义句： She is to

16、o young to go to school. (too to :太 而不能) She is so young that she cant go to school. most of the time意为“大部分时间”，其中most为代词，意为“大部分；大多数”。拓展most of意为“中的大多数”，它作主语时，谓语动词取决于most of后所修饰的名词。a. Most of us_are_(be)going to the park. 我们大多数人要去公园。b. Most of the food_goes_(go)bad. 大部分的食物都变质了。11.如此以致于（结果）My legs wer

17、e so tired that I wanted to stop. 我的双腿太累了以至于我都想停下来。（P8）so+形/副+that 从句：She is so popular that everyone likes her. such+名短+ that 从句：She is such a popular girl that everyone likes her.So+形容词+a/ an+单数名词=such+a/ an+形容词+单数名词例：so long a ruler= such a long rulerSo+many/ few+复数名词，so+much/ little+不可数名词Such+其他

18、形容词+复数名词或不可数名词例如：so many books, so little food, such nice pictures1). He is _lovely a boy_we love him very much.2). The little boy is _ young that he cant go to school. 12. so that 从句：以便（目的）,引导目的状语从句如：He gets up early so that he can catch the early bus.13.My classmates told me to keep going, so I we

19、nt on. 我的同学告诉我坚持往前走，因此我便继续前进了（P8）1）tell sb. (not)to do sth. 意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事。 The teacher _ _ _ _ the window just now. 老师刚才告诉我们擦窗户。2）keep doing sth. 意为“继续做某事，一直做某事”。She_ _ TV for two hours last night. 昨晚她持续看了两个小时的电14What a difference a day makes! 一天的差异多大啊！常用的感叹句的结构：1）What +adj.+ 复数名词 / 不可数名词+主语+谓语！ 2）

20、What +a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！3）How +adj. +a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！ 4）How+adj./adv. +主语+谓语！ 区别要领：形容词后直接加名词为what感叹句，否则为how感叹句eg: 1.What an interesting book it is! = How interesting a book is! 那本书多么有趣啊！2._a clever girl she is! A.Who B.What C.How D.Where3. _clever a girl she is! A.Who B.What C.How D.Where4._i

21、mportant jobs they did! A.What B.Who C.How D.Where5._sweet water it is! A.Who B.What C.Where D. How6._interesting the dog is! A.Who B.What C. Where D. How建议的句式： What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why

22、 not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping应答语：接受：Certainly,Sure, /Yes, I'd love to. Why not? Good idea! /Sure! OK!/ All right! Great!/That's great./Sounds great.拒绝： I'd love to.But. I'm sorry. I'm afraid not . I'm afraid I can't . Sorry,I can't .15.反身代词：myse

23、lf , ourselves, yourself , yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves. 作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, dress, kill等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。He is teaching himself English. 她在自学英语。She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。He lives by himself in the country. 他独自住在乡下。1) Help yourself! 请

24、随便吃吧！ /请自己去取吧!2) Make yourself at home! 别客气！3) make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解4) teach oneself 自学=learn by oneself5) by oneself 独自6) for oneself 为自己；替自己7) enjoy oneself 玩的愉快8) dress oneself 给自己穿衣16.We waited over an hour for the train because there were too many people. 因为人太多，所以我们等了一个多

25、小时的火车。（P5）1）wait for意为“等候”，其后可接人或物。Tom was waiting for a bus over there.2）over介词，意为“多于；超过” ，相当于more than。Eg : My father is over 40 years old. There are over eight hundred students in our school. 3) too many意为“太多”，其后接可数名词复数。 He always has too many questions to ask me.辨析：too many + 可数名词复数 意为“太多. ”too

26、much + 不可数名词 意为“太多. ”much too + 形容词 意为“太. ”eg：I have too much homework to do today. Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一、词组、短语：1. help with housework 帮助做家务活，2. go shopping 购物，3. at/ on weekends 在周末， 4. how often 多久一次，5. hardly ever 几乎不，6. once a week 每周一次，7. twice a month 每月二次，8. go to the movies 去看电影

27、， 9. every day 每天， 10. use the Internet 上网/用网，11. be free 有空，12. have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴课 ，13. swing dance 摇摆舞 14. play tennis 打网球， 15. stay up late 熬夜，16. at least 至少， 17. go to bed early 早睡， 18. play sports 锻炼身体，19. be good for 对有好处，20. go camping 去野营，21. in ones free time 在某人的空闲时间，22.

28、noat all 根本不， 23. the most popular 最流行， 24. such as 例如， 25. go to the dentist 去看牙医，26. more than 超过/多于，27. Old habits die hard. 旧习惯难改。 28. hard=difficult 困难的 ， 29. less than 少于/不到二、重要句子（语法）：1. What do you usually do on weekends? 你周末通常做什么？ I always exercise. 我总是锻炼身体。2. What do they do on weekends? 他们

29、周末干什么？ They often help with housework. 他们经常帮助干家务活。3. What does she do on weekends? 她周末干什么？ She sometimes goes shopping. 她有时购物。4. How often do you go to the movies? 你多久看电影一次？ I go to the movies maybe once a month. 可能一个月看一次。5. How often does he watch TV? 他多久看电视一次？ He hardly ever watches TV. 他几乎不看电视。6.

30、 Do you go shopping? 你购物吗？ No, I never go shopping. 不，我从来就不购物三、习惯用法、搭配1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事 2. How about? =What about? .怎么样？/ .好不好？3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事 4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 .有多少.5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 发现 6. Its + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是.的7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光 8. ask sb

31、. about sth. 向某人询问某事9. by doing sth. 通过做某事 10. Whats your favorite? 你最喜欢的是什么？11. start doing sth. 开始做某事 12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式四、词语辨析1. exercise （v/n）的用法 1）（动）:锻炼. 如： He exercises every day.2) (可数名词)“.操;练习”. 如：do morning/ eye exercises; do math exercises 3).(不可数名词):“锻炼;运动”讲：如： We often

32、do / take exercise on weekends.2.辨析：sometimes ，some times ，sometime ， some timesometimes 有时候。=at times也是“有时”的意思。提问用how oftensome times 几次。time作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。How many timessometime 某个时候。可指将来的某个时候。提问用whensome time 一段时间。常与for连用。对它提问用how long 。口诀记忆：分开“一段时间” ；相聚“某个时候”。Eg：Sometimes I get up v

33、ery late. 有时我起床很晚。I will go to shanghai sometime next week. 下周某个时候我要去上海。He reads the story some times. 他读这个故事几遍了。Ill stay here for some time. 我将会在这儿呆一段时间。练习： We plan to stay in Hainan for . . 我们打算在海南呆一段时间。 I am sure that we have met _ before. 我肯定我们之前见过几次了。 I _ have letters from him. 有时我会收到他的来信。3. ha

34、rdly ever 几乎不 hardly ever相当于hardly eg：There is hardly any food left. 几乎没有食物剩下。辨析：hardly 与hardhardly 几乎不，一般位于行为动词之前be动词之后。 hard 形容词/副词， 努力，位于动词之后。eg：He hardly works. 他几乎不工作。 He works hard. 他工作努力。艰苦，hard work4.辨析：maybe 和may be maybe (adv): 也许，大概 （一般放句首），在句中是放在be动词后，行为动词之前。 例：(Maybe) he (maybe) knows i

35、t. may + v(原)：也许是，大概是 “情态动词+be动词”结构。（位于句中） He may know it.如：Maybe he is at home.= He is maybe at home.= He may be at home. 1. Lily an English teacher. Lily可能是一名英语老师。=_5.how often 表示“多久一次”，是对动作的频率进行提问。其通常回答有：1） 频率副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never2）次数时间段: 如：once or twice a week

36、3）every 时间段: every four years 每四年一次every day (每天) 区别：everyday（每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或两次”时，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a month(一个月一次)而表示“三次或以上”时，则用“数词times”结构。如：five times a year (一年五次) 拓展：由how构成的疑问词组的用法1）how many+ 可数名词复数 如：how many programs2）how much+不可数名词。 如：how much coffee 但how much=whats the price of.? 还有“多

37、少钱”的意思 如：How much are those pants?3)how many times: “多少次”. 其答语表示次数。如：once ,twice，three times等4) How old.? 询问年龄 如：How old are you? I am five.5）多久(时间) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。 多长（某物的长度） 如：-How long is the river? - 10 kms. 6)how soon 用来询问过多久，多久以后，其答语是in+一段时间，与将来时态连用 如：How soon wil he come ba

38、ck？ In an hour。6.full1）“满的；饱的” be full of例如 : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里装满了水。2）.“忙的”=busy He had a full life surprise 1). be surprised at sth. 对 感到意外 2).(v.) 使惊奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 惊讶做某事 3).be surprised that + 从句如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the news.7.twenty

39、 percent students dont exercise at all. 百分之20的学生根本不锻炼。. 百分数由percent来表示，构成：基数词+percent ,谓语动词由of后名词决定。Eg：Seventy percent of the boys like playing computer games. 男生中70%喜欢完电脑游戏。Sixty percent of the water is clean. not. at all 意为“一点儿也不，根本不”。Eg：I dont know about it at all. 对那件事我一点也不知道。拓展：Not at all = you

40、 are welcome 意为“不用谢，不客气”。Eg：-Thank you for your help. -Not at all.8.Although many students like to watch sports，game shows are the most popular. 尽管许多学生喜欢看运动类节目，但游戏类节目是最受欢迎的。although 连词。意为“虽然，尽管”。but 意为“但是”。英语中，although与but不能同时使用。Eg：Although it rained，the boys still played outside.= It rained，but the

41、 boys still played outside. 尽管天下雨了，但男孩们仍在外面玩耍。1. My cousin knows a lot about geography，_ he is only four years old.A. because B. so C. although9.She says its good for my health. 她说那对我的健康有益。（1）be good for：“对有好处”。 如：Doing exercise is good for our health.（2）be good at：“擅长于” 如：He is good at playing foot

42、ball. (3) be good with: “与相处好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.10.Its good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows. 1).by+doing He learns English by singing English songs. 2).通过 方式 He went home by bus.= He went home on the bus= He took the bus home.区别：through 通过 方式+名词：The best

43、 way to relax is through exercise. （从里面）穿过： Climb through the window.注意： 横过（从物体的表面一边到另一边用across）如： walk across the street.10. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game. for example + 句子： 如：Its healthy for the mind and the body.11.spend度过（时间） 如：spend the weekend with family 花费（时间、钱） 如：He spent

44、20 yuan (in) buying the magazine.同义句： He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. The magazine cost him 20 yuan.重点：sb spend timemoney on sth. 在.上花费时间或金钱He didnt spend much time on his homework. 他没在作业方面花很多时间。I spend 200 yuan on a new coat. sb spend timemoney （in） doing sth. 花费

45、时间或金钱做某事Dont spend too much time watching TV. 不要花费太多时间看电视。He always spends his time playing football. Eg: I enjoy playing computer games,but I cant too much time that.A.take, doing B.spend, doing C.spend, for doing D.take, to dospend time with sb 花费时间和某人在一起区别：take: It takes sb some time to do sth.花费

46、某人某段时间做某事。 Pay: sb pay some money for sth某人为某物付了某些金钱（知道钱的数目）Sb pay for sth 某人为某物而付款（不知道付了多少钱）Sth cost sb some money 某物花费某人某些金钱例： It took me half hour to get home last night. He has paid for the book. The book cost him five dollars.12. but和howeverbut 并列连词 “然而，但是”。 可直接连接前后两个句子，表转折关系。However 副词 “然而，但是”

47、。 不能直接连接句子，必须用逗号与句子隔开。Eg:1.It began to rain, , we went out to look for the boy. 天开始下雨了，但我们还是出去寻找那个男孩了。2. It's a sunny morning， very cold. 这是个晴朗的早晨，但是却很冷。13.afraid 意为“担心的，害怕的”。.be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 Eg：I am afraid to travel by plane. 我害怕乘飞机旅行。.be afraid of sb. sth. 害怕某人某物 be afraid of doing

48、sth. 害怕做某事 Eg：She is afraid of the dog. 她害怕那只狗。 be afraid of asking questions. 不要怕问问题。 be afraid to do sth.= _ 害怕做某13. 1）find + 宾语 +名词, 例 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy. 2）find + 宾语 + 形容词， 例： He found the room dirty. 3）find + 宾语 + 现在分词 发现某人正在做某事 例 ： I found her standing at the door. 4）find +

49、it +形容词+to do sth. I found it difficult to work out this math problem . Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister一、词组、短语：1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗，2. as.as. 与一样，not as/so.as. (肯定后者，否定前者) 与.不一样3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛，4. the most important 最重要的，5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋，6. the same as 与相同7. care about 关心/留意/关注， 8. be different from 与不同，9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子，10.a piece of informat