高考英语长难句分

1、高考英语长难句分析 长难句最常见的形式长难句最常见的形式 一、 复合从句 不管这些句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰主干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。 二、 分隔结构为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为了平衡句子结构，使语义严密，结构紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来，这就是所谓的分隔结构。考试中出现较多的是插入语。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置 。三、 成分省略在英语句子中，节约用词是一

2、条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。 例如在以than，as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，会给理解带来一定的影响。 四、 改变语序改变语序主要指倒装句式。这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法，或是为了强调句子的意义表达的重心，或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关，有明显的标志。长难句分析策略突破(1) 结构分析法所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，

3、找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法找主谓语，即找主干成分。Eg: However, many scientists who specialize in ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is just not designed to last past about 120 years. Some companies have made the manufacturing of clean and safe products their main selling point

4、and emphasize it in their advertising.方法二：并列复合句的处理方法找并列连词 The hot sun had caused the dough (面团) to double in size and fermenting yeast(酵母) made the surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing. Miss Germaines mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr. Cordells parents are reported to be

5、less than delighted.方法三：主从复合句的处理方法找从属连词 Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.方法四：

6、并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句 If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak EnglishWilliam, the C

7、onqueror.(2)意群阅读法意群阅读法即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。例如：When two cars travelling at 30 m/h hit each other, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters.分析：是状语从句，是主句，是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这样，把整个句

8、子划为3个意群，可以大大提高阅读速度。典型例题例1 What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honor his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation(移植).解析： 此句的主语为What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life整个从句，其中主语里面又包含了一

9、个由who引导的定语从句；主语的谓语为is，后面的that引导两个并列的表语从句。点评： 分析长难句时找出主句的谓语是至关重要的一步。例2 Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented(发酵） would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer.解析：此句的主语为Pasteur，谓语即

10、discovered，第一个that引导的是宾语从句。在宾语从句中after引导状语从句，第二个that引导定语从句。第三个that引导同位语从句。点评： that在长难句里面用得非常多，所以正确理解that在不同从句中的用法非常重要。仿真演练仿真演练 1. This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a historical treasurea 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan“a woman w

11、ho knew everybody of her day,” James Green, the librarian told the magazine “American Libraries”.分析： 第一句的主语为James Green, the librarian，谓语为told，第一个宾语为the magazine “American Libraries”，第二个宾语为宾语从句，此宾语从句的主语为This chance discovery，谓语即ended，后面宾语的中心词为a 12-day search。2. The alarm had been raised because Vick

12、i became suspicious(怀疑) of the guest who checked in at 3 pm the day before New Years Eve with little luggage and wearing sunglasses and a hat pulled down over his face .分析： The alarm had been raised为主句，because 引导一个原因状语从句，原因状语从句里又包含了一个由who引导的定语从句。3. At the conference in San Francisco, Donald Louria,

13、a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark said advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology(纳米技术) make it likely that humans will live in the future beyond what has been possible in the past.分析： 主语为Donald Louria, a professor at New Jersey Medical School in Newark，主语中心词为Donald Louria，谓语

14、为said，said后面都是省略了that的宾语从句，宾语从句的主语为advances in using genes as well as nanotechnology，主语中心词为advances，谓语为make，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that引导的宾语从句。4. I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable resources，our children may have to lead poo

15、rer lives.在possibility后由that引导的同位语从句中还含有一并列结构的时间状语从句：asresources. 我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：由于地球上人口的不断增长，由于我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。5. However，those of us who are parents of children in this age group know that such offers are relatively rare and that many liberal-arts students(文科生) graduate w

16、ith the belief that the prospective(预期的) workplace may not have a place for them. 本句的主谓语是：those of us know。know有两个由that引导的宾语从句，其中第二个省略了know。在主句中还有一个定语从句修饰those of us，在第二个宾语从句中还有一个同位语从句修饰belief。 然而，我们这些有这个年龄段孩子的家长们都知道，这样的机会少得可怜；我们也知道，许多文科毕业生认为未来的就业市场没有他们的一席之地。6. His journey to the e-mail hell began i

17、nnocently（无知地） enough when, as chairman of Computer Associates International，a software company，he first heard how quickly his employees had accepted their new electronic-mail system.as chairman of Computer Associates International是he的同位语，a software company是Computer Associates International的同位语，他们将从

18、属连词when引导的时间状语从句的主语分隔开了。 他在电子邮件的地狱之旅是糊里糊涂开始的。作为国际计算机联合公司这家软件公司的董事长，他当时还是第一次听说他的雇员们是多么快地就接受了他们公司的新的电子邮件系统。7. I have known changes for the better and changes for the worse，but I have never questioned the fact that whether I liked it or not，change was unavoidable.在but后的那个并列的分句中有一个同位语从句，其中还含有一个让步状语从句。 我

19、经历过好的变化，也经历过坏的变化，但是我从来没有怀疑过这样一个事实，即不管我喜欢与否，变化总是不可避免的。8. Such tasks are generally important in their outcome，which only adds to the pressure to do good job，and yet their very complexity makes it difficult to know just where or how to begin.这是一个并列复合句。在第一个并列分句中，有一个非限制性定语从句，但它不修饰outcome，而是修饰前面的整个分句。后一并列分句中有一个复合宾语结构，用it作形式宾语，实际宾语为带有连接副词的不定式短语。 这些任务的结果通常都很重要，这为做好工作增加了压力，然而这些任务的复杂性使人很难知道该从何处开始和怎样开始。9. What emerges(浮现) is a picture of an environment where the emphasis is on managing the tech