仁爱英语八年级下unit 知识点归纳

1、一、重点短语：1 go on  继续    go on a spring field trip 继续去春游go on a visit / trip to =have a visit /trip to 2 decide on   致力于   decide to do sth 决定做某事  make a decision  决定3 My pleasure. = Its a / my pleasure.   我很乐意4 H

2、ave a good trip. 玩得愉快    Have a good / wonderful time.5 see the sunrise  看日出6 raise money  筹集钱  make money  赚钱save money节省钱7 book / order sth for sb  为某人预定、8 pay for  付、的钱10 plan to do sth 计划做某事11 work out  解决&

3、#160;   work it / them out12 the cost of  、    、的花费    the price of  、的价格13 come up with  提出，想出14 look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事15 hear from = get / receive a letter from  收到、来信 16 in the day / dayti

4、me  在白天   at night 在晚上     in the evening  在晚上17 place of interest  有趣的地方 Unit 6 Topic 1 SectionA1、I have some exciting news to tell you!to tell you 是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词news. 和news间是动宾关系。如果该动词是vi，则不要漏掉后面的尾巴介词。如：I have n

5、othing to talk about. go on a visit to “去.参观/旅行”类似的搭配：go on a trip  去旅行   go on a picnic 去野餐 a three-day visit to Mount Tai  “去泰山三日游”three-day 是个复合形容词，由“基数词+连字符+名词单数”形式构成。可位于名词前作定语。如： a 13-year-old boy  一个13岁的男孩  an 18-kilometer river&

6、#160;一条18公里长的河3、Lets find out some information about the cost.find out “查明，发现，弄清（情况）”【辨析】find out，find，look for· find out 多指调查询问，研究后“搞清楚，弄明白”· find 强调找的结果如：I cant find my shoes.· look for 指寻找，强调动作如： Im looking for my wallet.4、Bring your information tomorrow and wel

7、l decide on the best travel on your field trip.decide on/upon 决定，选定 decide to do sth “决定做某事”=make a decision to do sth否定形式：decide not to do sth 决定(不)做某事the best way to do “做.的做好方式”这里的to do 作定语修饰the way如：The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.Unit 6 Topic 1 SectionB5、Ka

8、ngkang is booking train tickets to Mount Tai.此处book为动词，“订票，预约”book a room for sb/sth=order a room for sb/sth6、May I have your name and telephone number, please?May I have.“可以吗？”是一种委婉表达请求的交际用语。如：May I have a book, please? 可以给我拿本书吗？7、A standard room with two single beds costs ¥100 and a room

9、 with one single bed costs ¥80.with two single beds 中的with “带有”反义词是withoutUnit 6 Topic 1 Section  C8、Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.raise 是及物动词“筹集”，还表“举起；使升高”，一般指把某物从低处抬高到高处。如：She raised her hand. 她举起了她的手。rise 是不及物动词“升起，上涨”，一般指事物本身由低处移到高

10、处。如：The sun rises in the east. 太远从东方升起。   common “常见的；共同的”9、It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.1) spend/cost/pay/take表示“花费”的用法1).人+spend/spent+时间/金钱+ on sth.    某人在某事上花时间/金钱。  人+spend/spent +时间/金钱+( in) doing sth. 

11、0; 某人花时间/金钱做某事。 I spent 2 hours (in) seeing a movie=2).人+pay/paid+金钱+for+sth.           某人为某东西花钱。  人+pay/paid for+sth.                 某人为某东

12、西付款。3).物/事+cost sb.+金钱                 什么东西花了我多少钱。4）It takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.      做什么事情花了某人多长时间。我花了380元买了一张去北京的火车票。Ø  . (pay) _ I paid ¥380 for a train t

13、icket to Beijing.Ø  . (cost) _ It cost me  ¥380 to buy a train ticket to Beijing.Ø  .(spend) _I spent  ¥380 buying / on  a train ticket to Beijing.10、Im looking forward to hearing from you.1) look forward to “期待，盼望”常见搭配： look forward t

14、o sth/doing sth  常用于现在进行时中。2）hear from “收到.的来信”如：He heard from his friend yesterday.=He got a letter from his friend yesterday.Unit 6 Topic 1 Section D11、On the third day of our trip, we climbed Mount Fuji.On the third day of.在具体某一天用介词on如：on the morning of March 10th 在三月十日的上午

15、0; on a cold evening  在一个寒冷的晚上12、I was so excited that I didnt feel cold at all.so+ adj / adv +that从句“如此.以至于”三、重点语法动词不定式1、            不定式的肯定形式由“to+动词原形”构成。否定形式“not to+动词原形”。2、         &

16、#160;  to只是不定式的一个符号，没有任何实际意义。3、            不定式可以作除谓语以外的其他句子成分，如主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾补。 1)作主语, 常用it（形式主语）代替, 不定式放在后面做真正主语.It is hard to say.  很难说。It is important to learn English well. 学好英语非常重要。注：如果要说明动词不定式

17、的动作是谁做的，可在不定式前加一个for sb作它的逻辑主语。如：Its difficult for us to finish the work.如果表语是kind, nice, right, wrong,good,clever等表人的性格，品质等形容词，则加of.如:Its very kind of you to help me.=You are kind to help me.2)作表语, 常用在系动词之后.Your groups task is to find out the cost to go by train.你小组的任务是去弄清搭火车的费用。She seems to b

18、e happy.  她似乎很快乐。4)作宾语, 常用在want; like; hope; begin; try; forget; learn; plan; decide; need 等及物动词后,构成动宾结构。如:I want to buy some books.  我想去买一些书。She likes to join the English Club. 她喜欢加入英语俱乐部。提示：跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有:Ø   想预订房间want to book a roomØ 

19、;  决定去春游decide to go on a spring field tripØ   计划骑车去那儿  plan to cycle thereØ   选择乘火车choose to take a trainØ   希望玩得愉快 hope to have a good timeØ   拒绝与别人说话 refuse to talk with others5)作宾补，跟动词不定

20、式作宾补的动词: v. + sb. (not ) to do sth. 告诉tell                 鼓励   encourage 命令order                使 &

21、#160; get 想要want / would like    邀请  invite 教teach                  要求  ask跟动词不定式作宾补的动词（ v. + sb. (not ) do sth.）-to省略“听、观、使、让、帮”- hear, see, watch,  make,

22、 let, help但是help也可用help sb. to do sth. 的结构如: 我看见他几乎每天都打篮球。I see him play basketball almost every day.老板强迫工人整天干活。The boss makes the workers work all day.6)作定语，常用在被修饰的名词/代词之后。I have some exciting news to tell you.   我有一些令人激动的消息告诉你。He wants to find a chair to sit 

23、;on. 他想找把椅子坐。下列动词常接动词不定式作定语：chance, time, wish, way, the first, the only, the second, the last, promise等。如：He has no time to see the film.7) 动词不定式作目的状语:     我要去北京看长城。I want to go to Beijing to visit the Great Wall.     为了赶上早班车，他每天很早起床。He ge

24、ts up early to catch the early bus every day.    他们决定上网以获取更多的信息。They decided to search the Internet to get more information.   Topic 2 How about exploring Tiananmen Square一、重点词组1 speak to  对某人说话2 be busy doing sth   忙着做某事3 ride ones bicycle

25、 to = cycle to   骑自行车去、4 would like sb to do sth = want sb to do sth  想要做某事5 two and a half hours = two hours and a half  两个半小时 6 in the of  在、里  on the of 在、边上   to the of相隔7 be surprised at sth 对某事吃惊    be su

26、rprised to do sth   to ones surprise8 in different directions在不同的方向  in all directions 在所有方向9 step on ones  feet10 rush out of  冲出11 ride to 骑自行车去12 be famous for     因、而出名   be famous as 作为、出名13 cant / couldnt help

27、 doing  禁不住做某事14 here and there = every where   到处15 thank goodness  谢天谢地16 have fun doing sth  做某事很有趣； Unit 6 Topic 2 Section A1、            While you were enjoying your trip, I was bu

28、sy preparing for my exams.你在愉快地游玩的时候，我正忙着准备考试。（1）、while在此引导时间状语从句，表示持续性的动作或状态，只与延续性动词连用，侧重表示主句和从句动作同时发生，有对比的意味，常用现在进行时或过去进行时。如：I was doing my homework while mom was cooking.妈妈做饭时，我在做作业。（2）、be busy doing sth “忙于做某事”如：现在我正忙着做饭。_（3）、prepare for （doing）sth “准备（做）某事”考题链接：   The boys a

29、re busy _ （prepare）for their football match.  -What were you and your sister doing at this time yesterday, Lily?I was doing my homework _ she was watching TV.A. A.    when   B. while  C. after   D. beforeUnit 6 Topic 2 Section B2、 

30、0;          Its 880 meters long from north to south and 500 meters wide from east to west.它南北长880米，东西宽500米。基数词+长度单位+long/wide/high/deep “多少（米）长/宽/高/深”如：The desk is about 1.2 meters long. 这张课桌大约有1.2米长。试比较以下两句话：  The boy is 10 years old.

31、 这个男孩10岁  He is a 10-year-old boy.这是个10岁的男孩。3、-How far is it from here to Tiananmen Square?   -Its about one and a half hours by bike.   -从这儿到天安门广场有多远？   -骑自行车大约一个半小时。（1）、How far多远 提问两地之间的距离。      how long  

32、60;对时间段或长度的提问。如：-How long does it take to get to your house?   - Twenty minutes.                       -到你家需要多久？

33、60; -20分钟（2）、路程表达有两种方式  用长度单位表达。如：Its 1000 kilometers away from Shanghai. 这儿离上海由1000千米。用时间表达。如：  Its about twenty minutes walk from my home to my school.从我家到学校步行大约需要20分钟。 （3）、one and a half hours “一个半小时”= one hour and a half4       

34、60;The chairman Mao Memorial Hall lies to the southeast of the Great Hall of the People while it lies to the southwest of the National Museum.毛主席纪念堂位于人民大会堂东南端，国家博物馆西南。（1）、lie在此意思“位于”，其动名词形式为lying，过去式为lay.      lie还可以表示“躺，平卧”如：There was a child lying on the ground.地上躺着一个小孩。（2

35、）、lie/be to the+方位词+of. 指“互不接壤且不管辖的两个地区”Japan lies/is to the east of China. 日本位于中国东面。lie/be in the+方位词+of. 指“在某一个范围之内的地区”China lies/is in the east if Asia.中国位于亚洲东部。lie/be on the+方位词+of. 指“互想接壤但互不管辖的两个地区”North Korea is on the northeast of China.朝鲜在中国的东北面。Unit 6 Topic 2 SectionC5、T

36、he parking lot was full of tour buses, cars and bicycles, so they had to look for space to park their bicycles. 停车场停满了旅游大巴，小车和自行车，因此天安门不得不寻找停自行车的地方。space “空间；太空；空地”，为不可数名词。room作不可数名词时表“空间”=space如：There isnt much room/space here. 这里没有什么空闲的地方了。6、While the crowd was pushing Darren in all dire

37、ctions, someone stepped on his feet.当人群从四面八方挤来时，有人踩了达伦的脚。（1）、step on sth  踏，踩某物      step on sbs feet踩了某人的脚step还可以作名词，表示“步伐”如：He walked with a quick light step. 他迈着轻快的步子走着。（2）、push “推”反义词为pull “拉”（3）、direction “方向，方位”，常和in搭配。     in all dir

38、ection四面八方     in the direction of朝方向     in ones direction朝着某人的方向6、When Darren finally pushed his way out, he couldnt find his friends.当达伦最终挤出人群的时候，他找不到他的两个朋友了。 push ones way “挤出去”7、He was too worried to think about what to do.他太着急了以至于想不出该怎么办。too+adj+ to

39、 do sth “太以至于不能做某事”如：The girl is too young to look after herself.=The girl isnt old enough to look after herself.这个女孩太小了而照顾不了自己。8、They were very cute and we couldnt help watching them.它们太可爱了，我们都忍不住观看起它们来。cant help doing sth “禁不住/忍不住做某事”链接：help sb (to) do sth “帮助某人做某事”      h

40、elp sb with sth  帮助某人某事9、 His heart was beating fast. 他的心跳得很快。beat在此处为“跳动，敲打”表示连续不断的动作。还可表示“打败（某人）”，搭配为beat sb (at) sth “在（某事）中打败某人”如： He beat me at chess. 他下棋赢了我。10、While we were having fun exploring, I found that Darren was lost.当我们兴致勃勃地考察时，我发现达伦不见了。have fun(in) doing

41、 sth “从某事中获得乐趣”三、重点语法（一）、时间状语从句的连接词类型11、 He didnt raise his head until someone called him.直到有人喊他，他才抬起头来。(section C)not.until  “直到.才.”主句的谓语动词常用短暂性动词。until“直到.为止” 主句的谓语动词常用延续性动词。如：I will stay here until the rain stopped.= I wont leave here until the rain stopped. 我会等到雨停了才离开这里。12、Wo

42、uld you help me male a plan to explore Beijing before he comes?（Section A）在他来之前，你能帮助我制订一个考察北京的计划吗？As soon as the three boys saw each other, they all jumped around happily.（Section C）三个男孩一见面，就高兴得跳了起来。before “在之前”。引导的从句表示：主句动作发生在从句动作之前。before反义词是after“在之后”。引导的从句表示：主句动作发生在从句动作之后。as soon

43、as “一就”。引导的从句表示：从句动作一发生，主句动作随即就发生。如：I went to sleep after I finished my homework.=I finished my homework before I went to sleep.=I didnt go to sleep until I finished my homework. 我做完作业才睡觉。As soon as the bell rings，the students will go into the classroom.铃声一响，学生就会进教室。13、Id like you to meet him w

44、ith me when he arrives. （Section A）当他来的时候，我想让你去见见他。As they exploring happily, more and more people came to the square.（Section C）正当他们兴致勃勃地考察时，越来越多的人来到了广场。While you were enjoying your trip, I was busy preparing for my exams.（Section A）你在愉快地游玩的时候，我正忙着准备考试。when, while , as都可引导时

45、间状语从句，用法有所区别。1）when“当时”（相当于at that time），受限条件最少。2）while表示持续性的动作或状态，只与延续性动词连用.常用进行时。3）as “一边一边”与延续性动词连用，表示主句和从句动作同时发生，强调伴随状态。如：The students were talking in the classroom when the teacher came in.学生们在教室里谈话时，；老师进来了。Dont speak while you are eating.吃东西的时候别说话。He jumps as he walks along 

46、;.  他边走边跳。（二）、时间状语从句要注意的时态当主句为一般过去时的时候，从句常用过去的某种时态。如：While I was doing my homework, the telephone rang. 当我在做作业的时候，电话响了。当主句为一般将来时的时候，从句用一般现在时。即主将从现原则。如：Ill call you as soon as I get to Beijing . 我一到北京，就会给你打电话。 Topic3 Bicycle riding is good exerci

47、se一、重点词汇1.a  traffic  accident  一次交通事故       2. be/get hurt badly 严重受伤            3.obey/break the traffic rules遵守/违背交通规则 4.save &

48、#160;energy  节约能源 5.cause  air  pollution  引起空气污染     6.spit  in  public  在公共场所吐痰 7.avoid doing 避免（做）某事         8.bring us sadness

49、 and death带给我们伤心和死亡 9.slow down/speed up  减速/加速      10.a sharp turn to the left一个向左的急转弯 11.cross/walk across the road过马路     12.in case of fire/an

50、60;accident万一/以防着火  13. use .for (doing)/to do sth 使用.做.  14.in fact 实际上，事实上 15. get a fine 受到处罚               16.in danger 处于危险中&

51、#160;17give first aid 进行急救.             18.mark a wrong turn 拐错弯   19.cause trouble 带来麻烦             20. 

52、pay attention to 注意 21.have cancer 患了癌症              22. traffic signs /signals交通标志/信号       23.in a word/in short 一句话，简而言之 2

53、4. empty/pour into 注入/倒入  25.lead sb to do sth 领导某人做某事    26.go on doing sth 继续做某事 27.timed stages 计时赛段              28.go

54、60;though 穿过                                 29.final result 最后结果  Unit 6 Topic 3 SectionA1、When I first arriv

55、ed, I was afraid of riding my bike anywhere. 当我刚开来时，在哪儿都不敢骑自行车。“anywhere”表示“任何地方”时，可用于肯定句。如：An accident can happen anywhere. 任何地方都可能发生事故。【链接】everywhere “到处，处处”=here and there常用于肯定句中。否定句和疑问句中的anywhere则来代替somewhere（某地）。如：He follows me everywhere. 我无论去哪他都跟着我。Did you go anywhere interesti

56、ng? 你去过什么有趣的地方吗？be afraid of dong sth害怕做某事=be afraid to do sth2、But now I feel a little more confident.但现在感觉有点自信了。a little more confident更自信一点more confident是confident的比较级a little. “ 一点”   much “得多”，两者都可以放在比较级前，表程度。如：This bag is much is much heavier than that one. 这个包比那个包重得多。3、Cyc

57、ling can help us save energy and it doesnt cause air pollution.骑自行车能帮助我们节约能源，并且不会造成空气污染。save energy“节约能源”类似搭配：save time“节约时间”; save money “省钱”如：We should turn off lights after school to save energy.放学后，我们要关灯以节约能源。【链接】save ones life “救某人的命”air pollution “空气污染”类似搭配：water pollution“水污染” noise poll

58、ution“噪音污染” Unit 6 Topic 3 Section B4、We should wear bicycle helmets when riding.骑自行车的时候我们应该戴头盔。此处when riding是“when we are riding”的省略形式。在以when，while，if等引导的状语从句中，若从句的主语与主句一致，且含有be，则可以省略从句的“主语+be”。如：when (we are) crossing the street，we should be careful.5、If we break the traffic rules, we ma

59、y get a fine and even be in danger.如果违反了交通规则，我们会受到惩罚，甚至会很危险。break（动词）“打破；违反” break the traffic rules “违反交通规则”反义词组为obey/follow the traffic rules “遵守交通规则”break（名词) “停顿；休息” have/take a break “休息一下”fine (名词) “罚款”，（动词）“处以罚金”。get a fine“被处以罚金” 如：He got a heavy fine.他受到严重处罚。be in danger“处于危险中”=be dang

60、erous“be in +名词”表示处于某种状态中，如：   be in peace 处于和平中   be in trouble 处于困境中   be in good health 处于良好的身体状况中Unit 6 Topic 3 Section C6、The bicycle is one of the most important vehicles in the world.自行车是世界上最重要的交通工具之一。one of +adj最高级+名词复数  “最的之一”7、Bicycle ridin

61、g can make riders hearts and lung strong.骑自行车有助于强健骑车者的心肺。Bicycle riding在此时动名词作主语。如：Doing eye exercise is good for your health.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。make sb/sth+adj“使某人（某物）” 如:Drinking milk makes your body healthy.喝牛奶使你的身体健康。8、The bicycle riders must pay attention to the traffic around th

62、em.骑车者必须注意周围的车辆。pay attention to （doing）sth“注意（做）某事”，其中to为介词，后接doing。类似用法的短语：look forward to；be/get used to如：Pay attention to listening to the teacher when having classes.上课时注意听讲。9、In case of an accident, bicycle riders should know how to give first aid.万一发生事故，骑车者应该懂得如何进行急救。in case of“如果，万一”，后接

63、名词或doing短语。give first aid “进行急救”如：Doctors gave first aid to the child in time and he was saved.医生们对孩子及时施以急救，孩子得救了。10、In a word, the best way to be safe is to be careful.总之，保持安全的最好方法就是小心谨慎。in a word=in short “总之”the (best)way to do sth “做某事的（最好）方式”如：The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.T

64、he fastest way to travel to Yunnan is by plane.去云南旅游，最快的方式就是乘飞机。Unit 6 Topic 3 Section D11、Qinghai Lake, the largest salt-water lake in China, lends its name to the province of Qinghai.青海湖是中国最大的盐水湖，以青海省命名。A lend As name to B “A以B的名字命名A”12、Today the race covers around 2000 miles. There are 21 timed s

65、tages over three weeks.如今，自行车赛的路程长达2000英里。有21个计时赛段，历时3周多。Cover此处为（动词）“包含”，还有“覆盖，遮盖”。常见搭配： cover A (with/in B) “用B覆盖A”A be covered with B“A被B覆盖着”如：The roads were covered with snow. 路上覆盖着雪。12、The roads are very difficult to ride on.=Its very difficult to ride on the road.道路很难骑。类似表达：Its comfo

66、rtable to live in the house.=The house is comfortable to live in.13、情景交际用语：表示同意和不同意的用语I disagree with you.   “disagree with sb” 意为“不同意某人”，是agree with s=b的反义短语。重点语法：条件状语从句表示主句动作发生的条件,由if（如果），as long as（只要），unless（除非）等引导。主要有以下3种情况：1、主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（主将从现原则）。如：I wont go if he doesn

67、t go. 如果他不去，我就不会去。We wont pass the exam unless we study hard.除非努力学习，我们才会通过考试。2、主句用情态动词must, may, should, can等引导，从句用一般现在时。如：If we break the traffic rules, we may get a fine and even be in danger.如果违反了交通规则，我们会受到惩罚，甚至会很危险。3、“祈使句+and/or引导的简单句”。祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。如：Hurry up, or you will be late.=If yo

68、u dont hurry up , you will be late.快点，否则你会迟到。Study hard and you can catch up with others.=If you study hard, you can catch up with others.努力学习，你就会赶上别的同学。六、易错题练习1、用所给词的恰当形式填空。   1) He may come here if he         (have) time next Sunday. 

69、0; 2) If you break the rules, you        (get) a fine.   3) Our teachers often tell us not to be        (care) in the exams.   4) I found a book on the ground when        (walk) in the street.   5) Why dont we        to the park        swimming? (go)6)If it