牛津上海版七年级上册 第7讲-主题阅读与写作拓展训练-教案

1、.学员姓名： 学科老师：年 级：七年级 辅导科目：英语授课日期时 间主 题主题阅读与写作拓展训练学习目的1、掌握阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧。2、掌握如何写人的记叙文，包括审题，列提纲和检查技巧。教学内容处理上次课课后稳固作业及预习考虑内容。1.上次课后稳固练习2.预习考虑教学建议：1、 根据上节课预习考虑的要求，老师引导学生先解读作文题目，然后列出小提纲，主要呈现写什么经历以及中心内容，同时关注写事的人称和时态。提纲内容以Who,Why,What can you learn?的形式呈现。One2、 再让学生口头分享某次旅游经历，然后再写出来。Who? You and friends?Is

2、this a wonderful trip?Why?Two reasonsTwoThree人称？ 时态？He/she/? Is/was/?I阅读理解之主旨大意题把握文章主题：段落大意，人物特征，环境特点。把握文章总体：理解主题和中心。主旨题型特点： 主旨题的题干表现形式有以下几类：【知识梳理1】Main Idea 类型： 选项形式为陈述句。要求考生选择表达作者思想、观点的句子。【例题精讲】1What is the main idea/point of this passage？2. The main idea of this article is _.3. This passage is ma

3、inly about _.4. The text mainly talks about _.【知识梳理2】 Main Topic类型： 选项形式为名词或名词词组。要求考生指出文章的Topic论题或 Subject主题，或 Title标题等。典型问题形式：【例题精讲】1. What is the main topic of this passage？2. What is the main subject of the passage?3. The best title /headline for this passage might be _.4. The best title/headline

4、 for this passage should be _. 5. The passage can be entitled _.【知识梳理3】 Purpose类型： 选项形式多为动宾构造。要求考生找到主要的写作目的。典型问题形式：【例题精讲】 1.What is the author's main purpose in the passage? 2.The author's purpose of writing this passage is to _.抓文章的主题思想。两种方法：1.找主题句：1段首 2段尾 3段中 2.找主题词：无明显的主题句时，用词或词组归纳段落中心思想。

5、解主旨题型的方法： 【知识梳理1】主题句在段首。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子那么是论证性细节。 在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。有些段落，在主题句后面有明显的引出细节的信号词。常见的信号词有for example，an example of，the most important example of；first，second，next，last，finally；to begin with，also，besides that；one ； the other，some，others，等等。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。【例题精讲】例1.People h

6、ave different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti意大利面条, eggplant, and fresh fru

7、it. Others could live on what were called fastfoods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraph?A. Some people like steak and others red meat.B. Vegetables are very healthy for you.C. How food is prepared has

8、 a lot to do with how well a person may like it.D. Different people have different tastes in food. 【Keys】D【稳固练习】请快速阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和信号词：Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible diseaseillness, canc

9、er, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? 【Keys】Smoking ci

10、garettes is harmful to your health.【知识梳理2】主题句在段尾。一般说来，当一种观点不易向人解释清楚，或不易被人承受时，主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现。 有些文章以列举事实根据开头，通过论证，最后讲出作者自己所阐述的核心论点。在做阅读理解试题时，要充分利用引出结论的信号词，如clearly，plainly；so，therefore，thus，consequently；In conclusion，in short等来确定主题句的位置在段尾。当无明显的此类信号同时，可添加一个引出结论的信号词以确定主题句是否是段落的最后一句话。【例题精讲】例1.Americans m

11、ight be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually. Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others. It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way o

12、f looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.This passage mainly tells us_.A. how Americans show respect to othersB. how Japanese show respect to their American acquaintancesC. Americans and Japanese have different ways of showing respectD. Japanese are not satis

13、fied with American casual behavior 【Keys】D【稳固练习】请快速阅读下段文章，用划线划出文章的中心句和引出结论的信号词 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent清白的. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So,

14、 it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance. 【Keys】So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.【知识梳理3】主题句在段中。有时段落是先介绍背景和细节，接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例，然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深化讨论。这种文章的主题句往往会在段落中间出现，但不是就在正中间。【例题精讲】例1.Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night

15、if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been

16、out. 【Keys】In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.【稳固练习】1.What does the doctor need to know about his patient? In the initial最初的interview the doctor needs to know as much as possible about him, as it relates to his ailments疾病. This is the medical history, and although in

17、formal and brief, it is the first step at arriving at a diagnosis诊断 The sooner a correct diagnosis, the quicker he can get effective therapy治疗【Keys】This is the medical history, and although informal and brief, it is the first step at arriving at a diagnosis诊断.2.Just as I settle down to read or watch

18、 television, he demands that I play with him. If I get a telephone call, he screams in the background or knocks something over. I always have to hang up to find out what's wrong with him. Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun. He refuses. to let me eat a snack in peace. Usually he wants

19、half of whatever I have to eat. Then, when he finally grows tired, it takes about an hour for him to fall asleep.【Keys】Baby-sitting with my little brother is no fun.【知识梳理4】找主题词 有时段落中没有明显的主题句。作者用一种间接的方式表达了段落的中心思想。这时我们不能轻而易举地判断出主旨或主题这样，主题句是含蓄的，它隐含在短文或段落之中，需要考生从段落中寻找主题词或词组。然后用这些主题词或词组概括和归纳出段落的中心思想。【例题精

20、讲】例1.Bats are the only animals that truly fly. These animals use their leathery wings differently from birds. Birds flap their wings up and down, while bats use both their wings and legs, which make them seem as if they are swimming through the air. Even though bats take much longer, stronger stroke

21、s than birds, they still can beat their wings as often as twenty times per second! 【Keys】bats, birds , different , flyThe main idea of this paragraph is that _ Bats are different from birds in flying.【稳固练习】Joshua Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his g

22、raduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida. 【Keys】study at the university, graduate with honors主旨大意题的干扰项错误选项有3种：

23、1. 概括范围太窄，只表达部分信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。2. 概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。3. 无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言根据的信息。【知识梳理5】主旨大意题的干扰项：【例题精讲】 例1.Coffee is a universal beverage饮料that is served in different ways around the world. In London, for example, some Englishmen dip mustard芥子粉 into their coffee, while in Denver, a Per

24、son might add a dash of ketchup番茄酱. Strips of orange and lemon Peel, cloves and cinnamon桂皮 sticks are not unusual additions to the brew in Europe. An Asian delight consists of coffee brewed调 in boiling sugar. perhaps the richest cup of coffee can be enjoyed in Ireland where whiskey and whipped cream

25、 are important ingredients配料. In Australia a waitress will ask, "Do you want black or white?" Black is plain black coffee, but white is half coffee and half warm milk. If an Australian orders iced coffee, he will be served a cup of steaming coffee with a scoop of ice cream. It sounds like

26、the Australian version of a "snowball in hell."1. Which statement best expresses the main idea?A. The richest cup of coffee can be enjoyed in Ireland.B. Asians enjoy a sweet cup of coffee.C. Coffee is enjoyed in a variety of ways.D. Australians have an unusual sense of humor.【Keys】C2. The

27、paragraph could be entitledA. Some Like It Hot. B. Coffee Around the World.C. Oriental Delights. D. A Snowball in Hell. 【Keys】B【稳固练习】 When the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level. In low visibility situations, however, the eye and other orientation方

28、向，定位senses, such as our sense of balance, are not only useless, they may be totally misleading. The only safe way to fly an airplane in low visibility conditions is to use instruments, which indicate the attitude of the airplane. Which statement best expresses the main idea? A. In bad weather, the s

29、enses can be misleadingB. Flying an airplane can be very difficultC. When visibility is low the only safe way to fly an airplane is by using flight instruments.D. When the weather is clear, pilots use their eyes to keep the airplane flying straight and level. 【Keys】 CIIWriting-记叙文写作之写人篇【知识梳理1】写作的根本步

30、骤：一 审题目二 列提纲三 写全文四 查疏漏 1. 查主题，文章是否符合题目要求，内容是否完好。check the theme 2. 查语法，是否有时态错误，是否有主谓不一致，是否有语态问题，是否有词形错误，是否有不符合搭配的词组。check the grammar 3查标点，是否有标点错误 check the punctuation 4. 查拼写，是否有拼写错误和大小写问题 check the spelling 5查表达，是否有不符合英语惯用的表达，是否有中国式英语表达。check the ways of expression 【例题精讲】例1.Write a passage of at l

31、east 60 words on the topic “A successful person in my eyes . 以“我眼中的成功人士 为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。 注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否那么不予评分。短文需包含以下要点：Who is the successful person in your eyes? Why do you think he/she is successful? Give two reasons.What can you learn from him/her?审题目解读题目写什么？a successful pers

32、on重点内容？Why is he/she successful?/Two reasons.人称？ 时态？He? She? is/was?列提纲StructureKey WordsIntroductionWho?My mother罗列积累的优美词句successful,independent,confidentMain bodyWhy?1.her kids are outstanding两个原因之间可以用过渡词语furthermore罗列积累的句型it is +adj+to do. if 条件状语从句定语从句2.her business is successfulConclusionWhat c

33、an you learn?Strong-mined,Independent,self-confident.过渡词句的运用According.罗列积累的优美词句“Confidence in yourself is the first step on the road to success“Where there is a will,there is a way.写全文A successful person in my eyes开门见山- My mother is a successful woman in my eyes. 枝繁叶茂- She is successful because she

34、has two children and both of them are outstanding whenever in the university or secondary school. Secondly, she is also successful because she is able to run a company by herself. And I learned a lot from her, especially independence and confidence when I was upset and wanted to give up, she always

35、encouraged me 'Where there is a will, there is a way.画龙点睛- So she is a successful person in my eyes.注意1.限定写作对象：不准写那些所谓的“大人物1平凡的人 一位普通的清洁工.2身边的人 我的父、母亲.范文欣赏Theres no doubt that Mrs. Yin, the most successful person in my eye, is my favorite teacher. Because of her big expressive eyes and a good fi

36、gure, I really admire her. However, the character of hers attracts me more. As a teacher of English and my class teacher, Mrs. Yin has helped me a lot with not only my study, but also my work as a monitor. She is strict in class but easygoing in daily life. She smiles to me a lot but criticized me a

37、s well in order to push me to step forward. With hard work, kindness and wisdom, Mrs. Yin has become the most successful person in my eye. I want to show my respect and thanks to Mrs. Yin, learn from her and try to keep up with her. I firmly believe that I will be the one like her in the future, the

38、 most successful person. 此部分测试时间为20分钟左右，讲评时间为15分钟左右。对本次所学内容进展检测教学建议：此部分必须由班级学员合作完成。建议步骤为：1) 在20分钟内学员独立完成测试；2) 老师给出答案，学员互相修改；3) 在15分钟内就错题学员间互相合作，讨论错题，保证每一位学员都懂；4 老师随机抽查，根据学生的整体表现给出此部分的班级得分评分标准参考课堂鼓励评分标准I.Read and choose the best answer.AYou might think that “global warming means nothing more than a r

39、ise in the worlds temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the fist evacuation 撤离 of an island nationthe citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During the 20th century, sea level rose 8-12 inches. As a result, Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt wate

40、r which has polluted the countrys drinking water.Paani Laupepa, a Tuvaluan government official, reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years. Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from gl

41、obal warming to greater and more damaging storms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions 导致温室效应的气体排放, which are a main cause of global warm

42、ing. “By refusing to sign the agreement, the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years, Laupepa told the BBC.Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both

43、 countries.Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable 易受影响的 to rising sea levels. Maumoon Gayoon, president of the Maldives, told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation. The text is mainly about _.A. rapid changes in earths temperatureB. b

44、ad effects of global warmingC. moving of a country to a new placeD. reasons for lowland flooding【Keys】BBLions are opportunistsThey prefer to eat without having to do too much workWhen resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they

45、will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going onIf another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselvesA grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down.

46、The lionesses, being thinner and faster, are better hunters than the malesBut the males dont mindAfter the kill they move in and take the rest shareMost kills are made at night or just before daybreakWe have seen many, many daytime attempts but only ten killsRoughly, its about twenty daytime attempt

47、s for one kill.When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any secondThe kill is the exciting moment in the day-to-day life of the lion, since these great animals spend most of their time, about 20 hours a day, sleeping and resting.Lions are social cats

48、, and when they are having a rest, they love to touch each otherAfter drinking at a water hole, a lion rests her head on anothers backWhen walking, young lions often touch faces with older ones, an act of close ties among members of the group.What would be the best title for the text? APowerful Lion

49、s BLions at Work and Play CLions-Social Cats DLions-Skilled Hunters【Keys】B CThe weather is getting hotter. You are thirsty playing basketball or riding home from school. A cold drink may be just the thing. But be careful what you are drinking. Something that looks cool may not be good for your healt

50、h. There are plenty of "energy drinks" on the market. Most of them have beautiful colors and cool names. The lists on them tell you they are helpful to your health. Sounds great! But after a careful check you may find that most energy drinks have lots of caffeine 咖啡因 in them. These drinks

51、are especially aimed at young people, students, busy people and sports players. Makers sometimes say their drinks make you better at sports and can keep you awake. But be careful not to drink too much.Caffeine makes your heart beat fast. Because of this, the International Olympic Committee has limit

52、ed 限制 its use. Caffeine in most energy drinks is at least as strong as that in a cup of coffee or tea. Possible health dangers have something to do with energy drinks. Just one box of energy drink can make you nervous, have difficulty sleeping and can even cause heart problems. Scientists say that t

53、eenagers should be discouraged from taking drinks with a lot of caffeine in them. Which of the following can be the best title标题 of the passage?A. What's the Use of Energy Drinks? B. Who Can Drink Energy DrinksC. What's That in Energy Drinks? D. Why Can't We Buy Energy Drinks?【Keys】C练习二：

54、Writing：Write at least 60 words about the topic “The hero in my eyes. Use the following points as a reference.Who is the hero in your eyes?Why do you think he/she is the hero in your eyes? Give one or two reasons.What have you learned from him/her?阅读理解之主旨大意题同学们，如何来确定文章的主旨大意呢？回忆用思维导图呈现下。文章主题和中心同学们：今天

55、我们重点讲了写记叙文的写人篇，我们来回忆下从哪些方面构思呢？记叙文之写人 此部分内容包含本次课所学内容相关的练习题及综合练习题。建议题量保持在30分钟左右可以完成的范围内I. Choose the best answer. 1. _ sign here stands for _ mistake.A. A; aB. A; theC. The; aD. The; the2. A: Is this your MP4?B: No. _ is in the schoolbag.A. IB. MeC. MyD. Mine3.There is _ in today's newspaper.A. something interestingB. interesting somethingC. something interestedD. interesting nothing4.Tom will sell