Grammar-动名词

1、Grammar动名词动名词动名词的构成：动名词的构成： 时态时态 语态语态一般时一般时 完成时完成时 主动式主动式（not) v-ing (not) having+ done 被动式被动式 (not) being+done (not)having+ been+done 1. 动名词作主语：动名词作主语： 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作 e.g.: Its rather tiring walking around in a city. a. a. 可用可用itit作形式主语，将作形式主语，将-ing-ing放后。放后。 It is no use crying over spilt mi

2、lk. It is a pleasure doing business with Harry. It is fun/nice working with you . Its a waste of time wandering through high school. b. 在“There is no doing”结构中用-ing形式作主语，表示“没法”。 Theres no telling/knowing that-clause There was no telling whether it would rain again. There is no point/sense (in) doing

3、 sth. 做某事没有作用或没有意义 There is (no) hope/chance /possibility of doing There is (no) difficulty/trouble/delay (in) doingIs there any chance of us/ our winning the match? There is no point/sense (in) discussing the problem again.1. I see that it is hopeless (就此事和他争论就此事和他争论)（argue）. 2. It is a waste of ti

4、me （在这项工程上）（在这项工程上）.(work)arguing with him about itworking on the project2. 动名词作表语：动名词作表语：其用法等同不定式，起形容词作用，讲述主语的特征、内容和含义。One of my bad habits is eating too many sweets.My job is teaching you how to learn.3. 动名词作宾语：动名词作宾语： a.只接-ing形式，不接不定式的动词有: admit, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, escape, enjoy, mi

5、ss, excuse, fancy, finish, imagine, include, keep (on), mind, practice, resist, risk, suggest, advise, appreciate, permit等.如： It is not hard to stop smoking. Do you mind answering the question?b. 既可接不定式又可接-ing形式作宾语的词有：like, love, hate, prefer, propose,begin, start, continue 等，一般情况下，不定式表示具体的动作而动名词表示习

6、惯性的动作。 I prefer waiting(to wait) here.c.下列动词forget, remember,regret, try,mean, cant help, go on , stop, be used to, 可用不定式又可用-ing形式，但意义完全不同。 remember to do记住要去做 remember doing 记得已做了 forget to do 忘记 要去做 forget doing 忘记已做了 regret to do 抱歉要去做 regret doing 后悔已做了 try to do 尽力去做; try doing 试着做 mean to do 打

7、算去做; mean doing 意味着,就是stop to do 停下来去做别的事; stop doing 停止做go on to do 继续（去做另外一件事情）go on doing 继续（原先没有做完的事情）be used to doing习惯于做某事 be used to do 被用来做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能帮助做某事 forget /remember to do forget /remember doing regret doing regret to say(tell/inform)3. The light in the

8、office is still on.Oh, I forgot_(要关灯要关灯).(turn)4. Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _(没有听他的建议没有听他的建议).(take)5. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.Well, now I regret_ (那样做那样做).(do)to turn it offnot taking his advicehaving done that try to dotry doin

9、g6. I can try_ (说服他留下来说服他留下来),but in vain.(persuade)7.Id like to learn more about the Doha Asian Games. Better try_ (试着上试着上CCTV网站网站),and you are likely _ (可能会得到信息可能会得到信息)in no time. to persuade him to stay visiting the CCTV website to get the information stop doing stop to do8. Disney_(停止画画停止画画)and

10、watched the mouse.(paint)9. Catching sight of his former neighbour, he stopped _ (停下来和他握手停下来和他握手). (shake)stopped paintingto shake hands with him mean to do mean doing10. Missing the 10 oclock train means _(再等一天再等一天). (wait)11.Festivals (就是庆祝就是庆祝) important times of year.( mean)waiting for another d

11、ayare meant to celebrated.表示 “值得、需要”的动词 deserve, be worth, want, need, require 后接-ing形式时，主动形式表被动意义。其意义相当于不定式的被动结构。 These desks need repairing. =These desks need to be repaired. The patient required examining. =The patient required to be examined. 动词动词need的用法的用法12. Right now you_(有必要呆着一动也不动)until hel

12、p comes.(stay)13. The patient will need_(需要照顾).(look)14. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _ (需要修复).(repair)15. The wall is so dirty that it_ （涂白）.(paint) need to stay stilllooking after need repairing /need to be repaired /to be paint whiteneeds/wants paintin

13、g whitee. 下列词组接动名词： leave for, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, contributeto, have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth, get used to, pay attention to， be fond of 等 f. 介词后要接动名词： what about, how about, without, be fond of ,be good at 等。注意： on/upon doing sth.=as soon as （when）引导的句

14、子。 g. 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit 名词/代词不定式(宾语补足语)”之形式。如：We dont allow smoking hereWe dont allow anybody to smoke here16.Knowing that the rescue was on the way, the trapped miners cant help (流眼泪流眼泪).(break)17.Can you imagine_(他站在外面他站在外面)for a wh

15、ole night.(stand)18.They built the banks along the river to prevent the area from (防止该地区被淹防止该地区被淹).(flood)breaking into tearshis staying outsidebeing flooded19.You cant escape_(被罚被罚)because you have a fast sports car.(fine)20.While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ (忍不住被说服忍不住被说服买买)something the

16、y dont really need.(persuade)21.All the staff in our company are_(考虑到市中心去考虑到市中心去)for the fashion show.(consider)being fined being persuaded to buy/ into buying considering going to the downtown/city centre22. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont_(允许抽烟允许抽烟). (smoke)23. Can I smoke here? Sorry .We dont_(允

17、许允许任何人抽烟任何人抽烟)here.(smoke)allow smokingallow people to smoke 24.He has always insisted on his _ (别人称呼他特纳博士别人称呼他特纳博士) instead of Mr.Turner.(call)25. He narrowly escaped (打败了打败了) （defeat）.26. He denied (误拿了它误拿了它) （take）.27. I appreciate (你帮了你帮了我我) （lend）.being called Dr.Turnerbeing defeatedhaving take

18、n it by mistakeyou / your lending me a hand28. Wearing the sunglasses is helpful to (保护眼睛不受伤害保护眼睛不受伤害) （protect）29.He objected to ( 采取进一步采取进一步行动行动)to handle the matter.(take) 30. He is proud of （有你这样（有你这样的朋友的朋友) （have）31. Im not used to (受到这样的受到这样的待遇待遇). (treat)protect your eyes from being hurttakin

19、g further actionhaving a friend like youbeing treated like this32. You cant eat anything before (动手术动手术) . (operate)33. I cant imagine what difficulty (他们解决这个问题他们解决这个问题). (have)34.Tony was very unhappy for _(没有被邀请没有被邀请)to the party.( invite)being operated onnot having been invitedthey had in solving

20、 the problem4.动名词做定语：动名词做定语：可于名词之前构成合成词，大多表示该名词的用途或目的。 The young cook stood at the stove holding a frying pan in his hand.5.动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构1、动名词带上自己的逻辑主语，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。2、其逻辑主语一般由物主代词、名词所有格、人称代词的宾格和名词的通格来充当。在口语中，物主代词和名词所有格可分别由人称代词的宾格和名词的通格代替。e.g.: Do you mind my / me opening the door? I cant imagine

21、 Marys / Mary marrying such a young man.3、在下列情况下二者不能相互替代： 1）当动名词的复合结构作主语时，其逻辑主语只用所有格或物主代词表示。 His being late made the teacher angry. （正确） Him being late made the teacher angry.（错误）2）如动名词的逻辑主语表示的是无生命的东西，或是虽表有生命的东西但表示的是泛指意义，或是两个以上表示有生命意义的名词并列，这时必须用人称代词的宾格或名词的通格作该动名词的逻辑主语。The boy was frightened by the d

22、oor (not the doors) shutting.Have you heard of women playing with fire?The father insisted on John and Mary walking to school.3)当逻辑主语是this, that, somebody, someone, nobody, none, anybody anyone时用其通格形式。He disapproved of that being said about John.The teacher dislikes anyone being late.He insisted on

23、this being true.35. (汤姆迷上了汤姆迷上了) online games made his parents annoyed. (addict)36. (他在森林里迷路他在森林里迷路) was really a nightmare to him. (lose)37.What made him so upset? （他的钱包丢了）（他的钱包丢了）. Toms being addicted toHis being lost/losing his way in the forestHis having lost his wallet/That he had lost his wall

24、etThe factory was fined for piping waste water into the river_(deal) 把未经处理的废水排入河中工厂是要被罚款的 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是动名词动作的承受者, 这个动名词一般要用被动形式。1. 用作句子的主语。如： His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.主人对他的冷漠使他更加不舒服。 So being killed by sharks was a common accident.因此被鲨鱼吃掉是经常发生的事。动名词的完成被动式动名词的完成被动式(havi

25、ng been done) I dont remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.动名词的完成被动式,以免句子显得累赘。38. He narrowly escaped (惩罚惩罚) （punish）.39. He denied . (误拿了它误拿了它) （take）40 The factory was fined for piping waste water into the river_. (deal) 把未经处理的废水排入河中工厂是要被罚款的。把未经处理的废水排入河中工厂是要被罚款的。being punished having taken it by mistakewithout being dealt with应试技巧：应试技巧：1)重视句子分析，摆脱思维定势 1.Does the way you thought of _ rid of bad mood make any sense? (get) 2.The moment weve been looking forward to _ (draw) near towards us.2) 若用动名词，