英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版

1、英国文学史资料British Writers and WorksI. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf> 贝奥武夫 :the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic: long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Ho

2、mer s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:1. Using alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant soun d 头韵)Some examples on P52. Using metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a contr

3、olled way Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express their ideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)1400(首创双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰 德莱顿(John Dryden)称其为英国诗歌之父 ” 。代表作坎特伯雷故事集。 )The father of English poetry.It is alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensiv

4、e ( 综合的，广泛的 )realisticpicture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gowerwriting style: wisdom, humor, humanity.<The Canterbury Tales欢特伯雷故事集：first time to use

5、heroic couplet (双韵体) by middle English<Troilus and Criseyde>#罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 < The House of Fame*誉之宫Medieval Ages' popular Literary form: Romance传奇故事)Famous three： King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is

6、the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Two features1. a thi

7、rsting curiosity for the clasical literature2. the keen interst in the activities ofhumanity.The Renaissance marksa transition from the medieval to the modern world. The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts:(1) to get rid of those old

8、feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,(2) to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie,(3) to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.Three historical events of the Renaissance - rebirth or revival:1. new discoveries in ge

9、ography and astrology2. the religious reformation and economic expansion3. rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.English Renaissance:the early 16th century to the early 17th century.1 .Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙 殉宾塞 1552159

10、9(后人称之为 诗人的诗人 ”。) The poets' poet. The first to be buried in the Poet' corner of Westerminster Abbey12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous forthe poet's poet”? ( B )A. Spenser's idealismB. his struggle for criteriaC. his love of beau

11、tyD. his exquisite melody <The Faerie Queened后(for Queen Elizabeth)The theme is not Arms and the man"，but something more romantic Fierce wars and faithfull loves''.Artistic features:1. Using Spenserian StanzaDefinition of Spenserian Stanza:a stanza of nine lines ababbcbcc. Eight line

12、s in iambic pentameter, and last line in iambic hexameter. <The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind.< Amoretti>爱情小唱2. Thomas More 托马斯？K尔 14781535One of the greatest English humanists<Utopia>乌托邦3. Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯？W*g 15611626(哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了

13、知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主 义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。)Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.Writing style: brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to mans reason.(D<The Advancement of L

14、earning学术的推进®<EssaysM 笔(famous quotas: <Of studies>)The theme of Of Studies uses and benefits of study and different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies.4. Ben Jonson <Comedy of Humours> vVolpone, or the fox>狐狸5. Christopher Marlowe 柯里斯托弗 叫洛 15641595University W

15、its "，the pioneer of English drama (完善了无韵体诗。)Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.14. Marlowe gave new vigor to with his mighty lines " ( D )A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestinaC. terza rimaD. blank verse<The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus孚士彳惠博士的悲剧(根据彳惠国民间故事书写成)®&l

16、t;Tamburlaine>4|J：i1;<The Jew of 乂2心>马耳他的犹太人6. William Shakespeare 威廉硕士比亚 15641616 Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ； Richard II ； Henry VIII Four Comedies: <As You Like It> 皆大欢喜；Twelfth 2§>第十二夜；<A Midsummer Night ' S Dreamt!夜之梦；VMerchant Of

17、 Venice>威尼斯商人 Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特；vOthello>奥赛罗；<King Lear>Ki ; <乂23由>麦 克白 Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefggA sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhym

18、e scheme.III The 17th Century1. John Milton 约翰？尔尔顿 16081674（诗人、政论家；失明后写失乐园、复乐园、力士参孙O） Epics: <Paradise Lost欢乐园<Paradise Regained乐园 Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes汕士参孙'<Areopagitica>论出版自由<The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩 <On His Blindness>我的失明This sonnet is writt

19、en in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnetIts theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best sho can endure the suffering best.2. John Bunyan 约翰？H扬 16281688（代表作天路历程，宗教寓言，被誉为具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑 式著作。与但丁的神曲、奥古斯丁的忏悔录并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan

20、 poet（青教徒派诗人）Religionary Allegory: <The Pilgrim ' s ProgpessOJ程3. John Donnethe Metaphysical poet医学派诗人）.Metaphysical Poetry国学诗）：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual,形式）the form is frequently an argument with the poef s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religiou

21、s, thought）Artistic features:1. conceits o门magery奇思妙喻2. syllogism 三段论Meditations沉思录The Flea 虱子 Songs And SonnetsHoly Sonnets Valediction:<Forbidding Mourning>IV The 18th Century : Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架，并且导致了资本主 义和社会主义的兴起，与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。A revival of interest in the o

22、ld classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion（卬制情感）and accuracyThe Age of Enlightenment/Reasonthe movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the *5ind 16th centries, a progressive intellectual movement, reason（rationality）, equality&science（the 伯century）小说崛起：In the mid-century, the

23、newly literary form, modern English novel rised（realistic novel现实主 义小说）Gothic novel（哥特式小说）: mystery, horror, castles（from middle part to the end of century）1. Alexander Pope 亚历山大 制柏 16881744（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用英雄双韵体"/ 'heroic coupletS'。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）As a representative of the Enlightenme

24、nt , Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England.Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? （ C ）A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift<An Essay on Criticism>#E评论Artistic featur

25、es:1 .Using heroic couplets" <The Rape of the Lock>B企遇劫记 <Moral Essays"1德论<Essay on Man队论<The Dunciad> 愚人记2. Samuel Johnson 塞缪尔图翰逊 17091784©Dictionary =<A Dictionary of English Language英语大词典3. Jonathan Swift 乔纳森殉威夫特 16671745（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satiris t）Gull

26、iver ' s Traves列佛游记 fictional work）Four parts:Lilliput 小人国Brobdingnag 大人国Flying Island 飞岛Houyhnhnm 马岛<A Modest Proposal* 个小小的建议 <The Battle of Books书战 <A Tale of a Tub>i的故事< The Drapper' s Lett>rs个麻布商的书信4. Daniel Defoe 丹尼尔 祈福 16601731（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）He is

27、the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, andhe is the founder of realistic novel.Robinson Crusoe>B宾逊漂流记It praise the fortitude of the human labor and the Puritan.Robinson grew from a naive and artless youth into a shrewd and

28、 hardened man,tempered by numerous trials in his eventful life.It is an adventure story, Robinson, narrates how he goes to sea, gets shipwrecked and marooned on a lonely island, struggles to live for 24-years there and finally gets relieved and returns to England. <Moll Flanders> <Colonel J

29、acque> < Captain singleton>5. Henry Fielding 亨利 班尔丁 17071754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为 英国小说之父”。）He is called “Father of English novel” . He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”（散文体史诗）,and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. novels:<The History of Tom Jones, a Foundl

30、ing游婴汤姆 加斯<The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫或德鲁<The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the 6伯2大诗人江奈生 破尔德<Amelia>爱米利亚 plays:<The Historical Register for 1736>一七三六年历史记事<Don Quixote in £门§匕门>堂吉柯德在英国6. Oliver Goldsmith 奥利弗 帑尔德斯密斯17301774 poems:<The Traveller旅

31、游人<The Deserted Village班村 novel:<The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德牧师传7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan 理查德斯林斯利碰莱登 17511816 <The Rivals情敌 <The School for Scandal造谣学校8. W川iam Blake 威廉?W莱克 17571827 <Songs of Innocence次真之歌A happy and innocent world from children s eye. <Songs of Experience密验之歌A w

32、ord of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy tone from men eyes. Include: <The Chimney Sweeper> <London><The Tyger>Lamb is a symbol of peace and purityTyger is a symbol of dread and oiolence <The Marriage of Heaven and Hell次堂与地狱的蜡姻9. Robert Burns 罗伯特彭斯 1

33、7591796The greatest Scottish poet in the late 1t8 century.Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗<John Anderson, My Jo哟翰我德生，我的爱人< A Red, Red Rose“朵红红的玫瑰< Auld LongSyne往昔时光 < A Man s a Man for A ' >That那一套< My Heart' s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上 < Bruce At Bannockb

34、urn < The Tree Of Liberty>V The Romantic PeriodThe romantic period began in 1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge s <Lyrical Ballads>, and endin 1832 with Sir Walter Scott s death.Romanticism:It emphasize the specialqualitie of each individuals mind.(人应该是独立自 由的个体 )In it, emoti

35、on over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplace.Two major novelists of the Romantic period areJane Austen (realistic) and Walter Scott (romantic).T

36、he Lake Poets 湖畔诗人，who lived in the lake district.William Wordsworth; Samuel Taylor Coleridge; Robert Southey1. William Wordsworth 威廉评兹华斯 17701850(与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为湖畔派”诗人。The Lake Poet§ < Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集(with Samuel Taylor Coleridge) <I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud>Theme:1.Nature embodie

37、s human beings in their diverse circumstance. It is nature that give him strength and knowledge fullof peace2.It is bliss to recolled the beauty of nature in poet mind while he is in solitude.Comment:The poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature,

38、the reader is presented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils(水 仙)and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts. Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern AbbeyThe Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 < The Prelude泞曲2. Samuel Taylor Coleridge 塞缪尔傣勒刑尔彳t治 17721834The Lake Poets < The Rime of the

39、Ancient Mariner七舟子颂< Christabel则里斯塔贝尔< Kubla Khan>忽必烈汗Artistic features: mysticism, demonism with strong imagination, a strange territory < Frost at Night>半夜冰霜 < Dejection, an Ode址郁颂 < Lyrical BalladsHlM#歌谣集（with W川iam Wordsworth）3. George Gordon Byron 乔治我登彷伦 17881824（拜伦式英雄Byron

40、ic heroes孤傲、狂热、浪漫，却充满了反抗精神。内心充满了孤独与苦 闷，却又蔑视群小。恰尔德哈罗德是拜伦诗歌中第一个 拜伦式英雄”。）Byronic hero" is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin, against tyrannical rules or moral principles.<Don Juan>唐做<Childe Harold ' s PilgrimOg弥德？合罗德尔游记<Cain>该隐<When We Two Parted当初我们俩分另<She

41、Walks In Beauty>4. Persy Bysshe Shelley 波西 比匕希？t莱 17921822 Poetic Drama : <Prometheus Unbound>Ot了 的普罗米修斯Theme: the drama celebraies ma is victory over tyranny and oppression<Queen Mab液布女王Revolt of Islam>伊斯兰的反叛<The Cenci>C契一家<A Defence of Poetry><The Necessity of Atheism

42、万£ 神论的必要性 Lyrics:<Ode to the West Wind>3 风颂Theme: The author express his eagerness to enjoy the boundless freedom from the reality. Compare the west wind to destroyer of the old who drives the last signs of life from the trees, and preserver of the new who scatter the seads shich sill com

43、e to life in the springThis is a poem about renewal, about the wind blowing life back into dead things, implying not just an arc of life （which would end at death） but a cycle, which only starts again when something dies.Comment: Percy Bysshe Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" is written

44、 in iambic pentameter. It contains five sonnet length stanzas, each with a closing couplet. The rhyming scheme form is aba bcb cdc ded ee. The tone is poignant. Many will agree that this poem is an invocation for an unseen force to take control and revive life.Artistic features:Using rerza rima（三行诗

45、aba bcb cdc ded efe -）<To a Skylark> 致云雀5. John Keats 约翰就慈 17951821（美即是真，真即是美”是他的著名诗句。） Four great odes: <Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂<Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂<Ode to Psyche!、灵颂<Ode On Melancholy> 忧郁颂<To Autumn秋颂Theme: The theme of John Keats' poem, "To Autumn", is

46、that change is both natural and beautiful. The poem praises the glories of the fall season by using almost every type of imagery to both charm and appeal to the reader.Comment: The speaker in the poem acknowledges that time passes by, but also asserts that this change usually yields something new an

47、d better than what came before. Each of the poem's three stanzas represents the evolving of two different types of change. One type of change shown in the poem is the change of periods in a day.6. Jane Austen 简便斯丁 17751817She compared her works to a fine engraving upon a literary piece of ivory

48、only inches squire. <Sense and Sensibility>!智与感情<Pride and Prejudic> 傲慢与偏见(chapter I)Elizabeth Bennet & Darcy in the end false pride is humbled and prejudice dissolved Collins & Charlotte Lucas see the reality of marriage as a necessary step if a woman is to avoid the wretchednes

49、s of aging spinsterhoodLydia & Wickham shown the dangers of feckless relationships unsupported by money.Mr.&Mrs. Bennet, Mr. Collins, Lady Catherine de Burgh comic characters<Mansfield Park>曼斯菲尔德庄园<Emma>爱玛<Northanger Abbey>®桑觉寺<Persuasion砌导7. WalterScott 沃尔特沏科特 1771

50、1832(历史小说之父 ")Father of history novels<Rob Roy>罗伯冲伊<Ivanhoe> 艾凡赫VI The Victorian Period 1832-1900Common sense and moral propreity, again became the predominant preoccupation. Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people and everyday events.1. Charles Dick

51、ens 查尔斯锹更斯 18121870(批判现实主义小说家)critical realist writer < The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club匹克威克外传< Oliver Twist>奥利弗？#维斯特(雾都孤儿) < The Old Curiosity Shop>老古玩店 <A Christmas Caroli诞颂歌 < Dombey and SonX贝父子<David Copperfield>大卫科波菲尔< Bleak Housed凉山庄<Hard Times>

52、74;®时世 < A Tale of Two Cities>MM记(London & Paris) < Great Expectations也大前程< Our Mutual Friend>我们共同的朋友是英国19世纪小说繁荣时期最杰出的代表作家，影响遍及欧美以及世界各国。他那富有社会批判意义的现实主义小说不仅使英国文坛焕然一新，而且对世界文学的发展也产生了深远的影响。2. William Makepeace Thackeray 威廉夜克匹斯寐克雷 18111863(D<Vanity Fair> or a Novel without a

53、 Hero 名禾U场(the name is an excerpt from <The Pilgrim s Progress>by John Bunyan)<The Book Of Snobs>3. Charlotte Bronte 夏洛蒂渤朗特 18161855< Jane Eyre我般Jane Eyre, a plain little orphan, was sent to Lowood, a charity school. There she suffer a lot and 8 years later she left school and became

54、a boverness at Thornfield Hall. There she falls in love with the master,Mr. Rochester.It is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e.g. charity institution such as Lowood SchoolIt is a successful introduction to the first governess heoine in the English novel, whom represents those m

55、iddle-class working women struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.< Shirley>雪莉 < Professor激师4. Emily Bronte 艾米莉渤朗特 18181854 < Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄A story about two familie and an intruding stranger.【TheEarnshaw Family Mr. Earnshaw, his wife, the so

56、n Hindley, the daughter Catherine, HeathcliffThe Linton Family Mr.Linton, his wife, son Edgar, daughter Isabella < Old Stoic>5. George Eliot 乔治我略特 18191880< The Mill on the Floss>弗洛斯河上的磨坊 < Adam Bede>当？t匕德< Silas Marner织工马南< Middlemarch米德尔马契6. Alfred Tennyson 阿尔弗莱德？T尼生 180918

57、92（维多利亚时代最具代表性的伟大诗人）Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人） < In Memoriam>|'To memorialize his friend < Break, Break, Break>< Idylls of the King>国王叙事诗7. Robert Browning 罗伯特？白朗宁 18121889< My Last Dutchess成已故的公爵夫人 <Home Thoughts From Abroad海外乡思Elizabeth Barrett Browing : <Sonnet from the P

58、ortuguese葡萄牙十四行诗8. Robert Louis Stevenson<Treasure Island金车艮岛9. Thomas Hardy 托马斯？合彳弋 18401928（小说多以农村生活为背景；自然主义小说家。Wessex novels; novels of character and environment（1） Novels < Tess Of The D ' Urbervilles伯家的苔丝Themeexperience is as to intensity, and not as to duration< Jude The Obscure无名

59、的裘德 < Under The Greenwood Tree绿荫下 < Far From The Madding Crowd®离尘嚣 < The Mayor Of Casterbridge叶斯特桥市长 < The Return of the Native还乡 PoemsWessex Poems And Other VersesPoems Of The Past And PresentThe Dynasts 列国VII 1900-1950 The 20th CenturyPlaywrights Oscar Wilde George Bernard Shaw1. Oscar Wilde 奥斯卡？£尔德 18561900（The Aesthetic Movement: Art for Art' s Sake） 4 Comedies:<The Importance Of Being Earnest漱真的重要<Lady Windermere ' s Fan德米尔夫人的扇子<A Woman Of No Importance一个无足轻重的女人<An Ideal Husband理想的丈夫 Novel:<The