企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献

1、企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献（文档含英文原文和中文翻译）原文TheSupplyofCorporateSocialResponsibilityDisclosureAmongUSFirmsIntroductionCorporatesocialresponsibilityCSRactivityisanareaofintenseandincreasinginterestbothonthepracticeandacademicfrontsInvestorinterestinrmsthatengageintheseactivitieshasgrown

2、dramaticallyBetween1995and2005investmentsofprofessionallymanagedassetsgrewfrom7trillionto244trillionwhiletheshareoftheseassetsinvested企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献insociallyresponsibleinvestmentsgrewfrom639billionto229tr川ionSocialInvestmentForumSIF2006Atthesametimelargeinstitutionalinvestorsandmultistakehol

3、dergroupsincludingtheUNPrinciplesforResponsibleInvestmentprojecttheGlobalReportingInitiativeGRI2006andtheCERESacoalitionofinvestorsandpublicinterestgroups-havefocusedattentiononthematerialityofsocialandenvironmentalinformationtoequityanalysisThemagnitudeandgrowthofsociallyresponsibleinvestingSRIasse

4、tshasdrivenanequallydramaticgrowthintheneedforinformationTheobjectiveofthisstudyistodocumentthedisclosurepatternsofCSRbyUSrmsInvestorsarenottheonlyinterestedpartiesCSRactivityprovidesanincreasingfocusofproductdevelopmentandmarketingpractitionersResearchdemonstratesthatcertaintypesofCSRactivityproduc

5、evalueforrmsintermsofbrandloyaltyandmarketingadvantagesBrownandDacin1997SenandBhattacharya2001AsHandlemanandArnold1999p36noteinanycommunityitiscommontondretailersdonatingtolocalcharitiessponsoringlittleleaguesportsteamsandproudlydisplayingthenationalagTheseactionsdemonstratetheretailersadherencetoun

6、writtenbutpowerfulnormativerulesofacceptablesocialconductsuchasbecominginvolvedwiththecommunityandpromotingnationalprideWhilethequestionofwhatexactlymotivatesrmstoengageinCSRpracticesisamatterforongoingresearchitisclearfromthegrowth企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献inbothSRIassetsandcustomermarketsforsociallyres

7、ponsiblegoodsthatthereisaneedforinformationonthesepracticesThehistoricalemphasisoftraditionalnancialinformationdoesnotanswertheneedsofthesepartieswhorequireinformationnotonlyaboutfutureearningsbutalsoaboutthermssocialandenvironmentalresponsibilityandinteractionswiththeenvironmentandhomecommunitiesAd

8、ams2004Andersonetal2005Theconcernwithnon-nancialfactorsaswellaswithequityreturnsresultsinademandforgreateraccountabilityfrommanagersAccordingtotheSIFp5issuesnowoccupyingmainstreamconsciousness-corporategovernancetransparencyaccountabilityandgreaterdisclosure-havelongbeencentraltothepracticeofsociali

9、nvestingMostoftheworkinthisareaisdirectedatexaminingdisclosuresfromEuropeanandAustralianrmsandnearlyallmulti-nationalstudiesindicateinternationaldifferencesindisclosurebehaviorInNorthAmericaCormierandMagnan1999proposedacostbenetapproachtoenvironmentaldisclosuresThecostsarethecoststhatotherpartiesoth

10、erthanshareholderswillusetheinformationandthebenetsarethereductionininformationasymmetrybetweenmanagersandshareholdersCormierandMagnan1999testedthisonasampleofCanadianrmsandfoundthatvariablessuchasarmsrelianceoncapitalmarketsandthetradingvolumeforitsstockwereassociatedwithincreasedenvironmental企业社会责

11、任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献disclosureTheyalsoconcludethatenvironmentaldisclosuresareincreasingovertimeandthattheincreaseddisclosureinCanadacouldbeafunctionofthelesslitigiousreportingenvironmentfoundinCanadaasopposedtotheUnitedStatesAlnajjar2000examinedthe1990socialresponsibilitydisclosuresofFortune500companies

12、HefoundthatsizeandprotabilityaffectedthequalityandquantityofdisclosureSincetherehavebeenanumberofchangesinthedisclosureenvironmentsince1990whenthedatawascollectedfortheAlnajjar2000studyandsincetheCormierandMagnan1999lookedatCanadianrmsitisnotclearhowUScorporationsinthe2000shaverespondedtotheseincrea

13、seddemandsforCSRinformationFurthermorepriorresearchevaluatingthecontentofCSRdisclosureshasfocusedprimarilyonasinglereportingformatgenerallytheannualreportmorerecentlythecorporatewebsiteGrayetal1995hassuggestedthattheuseofasingleformatforanalysispurposesmaybesignicantlylimitingtheunderstandingthatcan

14、bederivedaboutCSRdisclosurebehaviorWethereforeextendthisliteraturebyexploringtheentireidentiablebodyofpublicdisclosuresmadebythesamplermsduring2004Amajorcontributionofourpaperisthedevelopmentofameanstoassessdirectlytheemphasisthatmanagementplacesondisseminatingagiventypeofinformationpriorresearchhas

15、largelyrelieduponfrequencyofdisclosurealoneasaproxyforemphasisInthispaperweevaluatethestateofreportingofsocialandenvironmental企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献responsibilityoftenknownascorporatesocialresponsibilityorCSRreportingamongasampleofUSrmstodeterminewhattypesofinformationarebeingprovidedandthroughwhatme

16、ansoftransmissionWeperformacontentanalysisonthedisclosuresmadebyasize-andindustry-stratiedsampleof50publiclytradedUSrmsduring2004ResultssuggestthatcompaniesdiscloseawidevarietyofCSRinformationthroughmandatedandvoluntarymediaConsistentwithpriorresearchwendsize-andindustry-drivendifferencesindisclosur

17、ebehaviorOurresultssuggestdifferencesinthepatternandvolumeofdisclosureinUSrmswhencomparedwithotherstudiesexaminingglobalenterprisesInthenextsectionwereviewtherelevanttheoryandresearchandpresenttheresearchquestionsandhypothesesThenwedescribetheresearchmethodanddiscusstheresultsWeconcludewiththeimplic

18、ationsofthestudyforreportingactivistsaccountingrmsregulatorsandacademicswhoarereconsideringthenatureofcorporatereportingofnon-nancialinformationLiteraturereviewresearchquestionsandhypothesesItisdifcultfromanacademicandtheoreticalperspectivetodisentanglethedifferencesbetweenarmsdecisiontoengageinCSRa

19、ctivitiesandthedecisiononwhyhowandwhentoreportonthoseactivitiestostakeholdersThechoiceofbroadtheoreticalframeworkdependsonwhethertheresearcherapproachesthequestionofCSRfroman企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献economicoranethicalstandpointCetindamarandHusoy2007Ethicaltheoriesindicatethattheseactivitiesshouldbeprom

20、otedbecausetheyaretherightthingtodoEconomictheoriesindicatethattheseactivitiesshouldbepromotedonlytothedegreethattheycreateshareholderwealththroughincreasingprotVirtuallyalltheoreticalapproachescarrytheimplicationthatitisnotenoughtopartakeofaCSRactionitisnecessarythentodisseminateinformationaboutthe

21、actionthathasbeentakenAmatterofsignicantdifferencebetweenthetheoriespertainstowhatactionsshouldbetakenandwhoshouldbeinformedofthemTosomeextenttheanswertotherstdrivestheanswertothesecondiftheprimarygoaloftheactivityistoenlistthesupportofaparticularpartythermwillofnecessitypublicizetheactivitythroughc

22、hannelslikelytoreachthatpartyThereforebeforelaunchinganexplorationoftheapproachestodisclosureweofferabriefoverviewofthewhyofCSRactivityNeo-classicaleconomicsBirdetal2007adoptatraditionaleconomicapproachtothequestionsuggestingthatmanagersshouldapplynetpresentvalueNPVanalysistoallpotentialCSRactivitie

23、sandtakeonlytheactionsthatresultinapositiveNPVandthusincreaseshareholderwealthAnimportantelementofthistheoryintheCSRcontextistheneo-classicalnotionthattheshareholderistheonlystakeholderofsignicantinterestThisstudyndsthatmarketsareslowtoimpoundthevaluationimplicationsof企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献non-event-

24、typeactionsintomarketpriceswiththeexceptionofdiversityinitiativesWhiletheauthorsdonotexplicitlyconsiderthematterofinformationdisseminationtheimplicationoftheirapproachisthatdisclosureshouldtakeplacethroughthechannelstowhichshareholdersareaccustomediemandatorylingssuchasannualreportsand10-KsAproblema

25、ticissueforthetraditionalneo-classicalapproachtoCSRisthatunlikeproductiondecisionsCSRactivitiesandtheiroutcomesmaynotyieldthemathematicaltractabilitynecessaryforreliableNPVanalysisMarketingstrategyAnotherstreamofinquirythatsuggeststhatCSRmaybemotivatedmainlybywealthconcernsisfoundinthemarketingliter

26、atureseeRobinandReidenbach1987foranextensivesurveyofthisliteratureBrownandDacin1997provideempiricalevidencethatconsumerbeliefsaboutproductsareinuencedbytheinformationthattheypossessbothaboutcorporateabilitytheproducerscompetitiveadvantageandabouttheproducersCSReventhoughtheCSRpoliciesareoftenunrelat

27、edtothecompanysabilitytoproduceBothitemsarekeyelementsincreatingagoodcorporatereputationpositedbynumeroustheoriststoprovideasourceofeconomicbenetstoanorganizationseeBrownandDacin1997forareviewofthisliteratureBrownandDacin1997ndthatnegativeCSRperceptionsareshowntoexertnegativeeffectsonconsumerbehavio

28、rwhile企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献positiveCSFperceptionsexertpositiveeffectsonconsumerbehaviorTheynotethateventhoughthereispotentialeconomicvalueindoingsoitcanbedifculttocommunicatecorporatepositionsbuiltarounddevelopingCSRassociationsaneedpotentiallyansweredbyCSRdisclosuresinthepublicforumHandelmanandArno

29、ld1999providefurtherevidenceonwealthcreationthroughmarketingactivitiessubsumedunderCSRTheysuggestthatconsumersappeartopossessademandforintangiblefactorsindicatingcongruencewithlocalsocialnormsandvaluesandthatthermspromotionoftheseelementsmayyieldastrategicangleequaltothatofcompetitivepositioningandp

30、roductattributesConsistentwithBrownandDacin1997theyndthatnegativeinstitutionalassociationsexertasignicantnegativeeffectoncustomerperceptionsandbehaviorandsuggestthatstakeholdershaveaminimallevelofinstitutionalactionsbelowwhichevenhighlypositionedrmsbegintoexperiencenegativeconsequencesHooghiemstra20

31、00suggeststhatCSRactivityisaformofimpressionmanagementforthermThisimagemanagementtheorywhichencompassesmattersofcorporateidentityandcorporateimage-islikewisedrivenbydirecteconomicconcernssuchascustomerperceptionsandaccesstocapitalmarketsThemarketing-orientedliteratureonCSRactivitysuggeststheseaction

32、sareastrategictooltobuildandmaintaincustomerloyaltyandmarketshare企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献TheimplicationsfordisclosurearethattheprimarytargetsforinformationaretheexistingcustomersandmembersofthepublicwithageneralinterestandthatthecontentofthedisclosurewillbechosentoemphasizecongruencewithcustomervaluesP

33、oliticaleconomyAthirdtheoreticalapproachconsiderstheseactionsthroughthelensofthepoliticaleconomyCampbelletal2003CormierandGordon2001Deegan2002DeeganandGordon1996DowlingandPfeffer1975Grayetal1995aGuthrieandParker1990ODonovan2002MaignanandRalston2002Inthisapproachthermisnotconsideredtobeaneconomicenti

34、tythatcanbedivorcedfromitssocialcontextitisinsteadanorganicorganismthatisapartytoasocialcontractwiththeothermembersofitscontextForthermtosurviveitmustobtainthesupportandapprovalofitsstakeholderswhetherthosebeprimarystakeholdersthosewithoutwhosesupportthermcannotfunctionatallincludingcustomerssupplie

35、rsorprovidersoflaborandcapitalorsecondarystakeholderswhoareindirectlyafliatedbutinapositiontosignicantlyinuencethermssuccessincludingregulatorsandmediaClarkson1995CSRactivityandtheconsequentdisclosureisapartoftheongoingcommunicationprocessrequiredinordertoenlistandmaintainthatsupportGrayetal1995aUnd

36、erthisgeneralheadingresearchershavevariouslyadvancedtheoreticalargumentsbasedonstakeholdertheoryClarkson企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献1995Hooghiemstra2000MaignanandRalston2002andonlegitimationieCampbell2000Grayetal1995atoexplainbothCSRactivitiesanddisclosureLegitimationpertainstoeffortsonthepartofthermtoesta

37、blishmaintainorrepairpublicperceptionofitsdedicationtostakeholdernormsandvaluesthusevincingrespectforthesocialcontractthatpermitsitaccesstocapitalandlabormarketsandothereconomicresourcesnecessarytoensureorganizationalsurvivalDowlingandPfeffer1975outlinethreemeanstoestablishingorimprovinglegitimacyad

38、aptingoperationstoconformtoexistingsocietalexpectationsalteringsocialdenitionstoconformwithexistingrmoperationsorengagingincommunicationtopromoteitspublicidenticationwithsociallylegitimatesymbolsvaluesandinstitutionsThedegreetowhichtheorganizationisvisibleandorreliesonsocialandpoliticalsupportdrives

39、theconcernforlegitimacyandconsequentaccesstoresourcesandsupportDowlingandPfeffer1975ApotentialissuewithapplyinglegitimacytheorytoCSRactivityisthatsocialnormsandvaluesarelargelyafunctionoftemporalmattersasissuesarebroughttotheattentionofsocietytheyseemtoreplaceotherissuesofpriorfocusBirdetal2007Campb

40、ell20002003Campbelletal2003Grayetal1995aGuthrieandParker1990Thereforeforlegitimacytheorytoyieldrmlytestablehypothesesitmustbepossibletoidentifyboththepopulationwithwhomthermisconcerned企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献withestablishinglegitimacyandthevaluesthatthepopulationholdsatthespeciepointintimeSourceLoriHol

41、der-WebbJeffreyRCohenLedaNathDavidWoodTheSupplyofCorporateSocialResponsibilityDisclosureAmongUSFirmsJJournalofBusinessEthics200984P497-527译文美国公司提供的企业社会责任信息披露引言企业社会责任活动这个领域在实际操作和学术前沿方面正受到越来越多的强烈关注投资者对于从事这些活动的公司的关注急遽地增长从1995年至2005年投资了专业的管理资产从7万亿美元上升到244万亿美元而这些资产的份额投资于社会责任从6390亿美元上升到29万亿美元社会投资论坛SIF2006

42、同时大型机构投资者和多方利益相关团体包括联合国负责投资项目的原则全球报告倡议组织GRI2006年以及投资者和公众的利益集团联盟CERESB集中关注社会和环境信息对股票分析的重要性社会责任投资SRI的资产的规模和增长带动了对信息需求的同步增长这项研究的目的是记录美国公司对企业社会责任的披露方式投资者并不是对这些唯一感兴趣的人士企业社会责任活动导致了人们对产品开发和市场实践的重视日益增加研究表明某些类型的企业社会责任活动对公司的品牌忠诚度和市场优势很有价值布朗和达欣1997森和巴塔查亚2001正如汉德曼和阿诺德1999第36页提到的在任何社会中经常会发现有零售商向当地慈善机构捐赠赞助少年运动队并骄

43、傲地展示国旗这些行动表明了这些零售商企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献遵守着一种不成文但具有强烈约束性的社会行为规定比如密切联系社会各界并增强民族自豪感尽管关于究竟是什么促使企业参与到社会责任活动实践中来这个问题依然在研究当中从社会责任投资财产的增长和社会责任产品的消费者市场的扩大中显而易见的是对这些活动的信息需求传统财务信息通常强调的不是这些群体的需要这些群体需要的不仅仅是未来的收益还有公司社会与环境的职责与环境和家庭社区的相互作用亚当斯2004安德森等2005对非经济因素和股票回报率的关注导致了管理者加强问责制的需要根据SIF第五页占据主流意识的问题公司治理透明度问责制和加强信息披

44、露早已成为社会投资工作的中心在这方面的工作大部分是针对欧洲和澳大利亚的研究几乎所有的多国研究表明在信息披露行为上存在国际差异在北美考米尔和麦格曼1999所提出的成本获利理论是用来应付环境的披露成本费用是指股东以外的其他各方将如何利用这些信息的信息成本成本获利是指在管理者和股东之间的信息不对称性减少考米尔和麦格曼1999测试了加拿大RMS勺样本发现了这个变量例如一个资本市场和其股票成交量的依赖和环境信息披露的增加有关他们还得出结论环境信息披露是随着时间不断增加而在加拿大信息披露的增加可能可能会造成诉讼报告环境的减少但是在美国这是相反的纳扎尔2000年审查了1990年财富500强企业社会责任披露他

45、发现规模和资本容量影响信息披露的质量和数量由于从纳扎尔2000研究时搜集的1990的数据以及考米尔和麦格南1999对加拿大公司的研究以来环境的披露已经发生了很大的变化所以目前还不清楚美国公司在21世纪如何应对日益增长的企业社会责任的信息需求此外以前的研究在评估企业社会责任信息披露的内容时主要集中在一个单一的报告格式通常是年度报告以及最近企业社会责任信息披露中英文对照外文翻译文献的公司网站等格雷等1995提出以供分析目的而使用单一格式可能在很大程度上限制了对企业社会责任披露行为产生的理解因此我们通过探索样本公司整个2004年期间公开披露的所有信息来扩展了这篇文章我们这篇文章主要的贡献是对直接评价

46、给定类型的信息的传播强调方法的发展以前的研究在很大程度上依赖于作为重点代理的信息披露的频繁度在本文中我们评估社会和环境责任通常被称为企业责任会计或CSR在美国公司的一份样本中的报告状态由此确定什么类型的信息被提供并通过什么方式传播我们做了一份对50家公开上市的不同大小和行业的美国公司的披露做了一份内容分析结果表明企业社会责任信息是通过规定和各种自发媒体来披露的与以前的研究结果一致我们发现披露行为的差异是由规模和行业的不同导致的我们的研究结果表明美国公司的披露与其他全球企业相比在规模和数量上都有差异在下一节我们回顾了相关理论和研究并提出了研究问题和假设然后我们描述了研究方法以及讨论了结果我们对关

47、于报告活动会计师事务所监管学者和对非财务信息的性质重新定义的学者的研究进行了总结文献综述问题研究和假设从学术和理论的角度去理清企业对从事企业社会责任活动的决定和为什么怎么以及何时对利益相关者报告这些活动之间的关系是很困难的研究者是否从经济或道德角度看企业社会责任问题决定了广泛理论框架的选择赛特德尔和赫索2007道德理论表明这些活动应当被推广因为他们是应当去做的正确的事经济学理论表明这些活动不仅应被推广到通过他们增加利润及创造股东财富的程度几乎所有推行的理论方法说明仅仅参与企业社会责任的行动是不够的因此对采取的行动的资料进行传播是十分必要的在理论中涉及的一个重大不同意义的问企业社会责任信息披露中

48、英文对照外文翻译文献题是应该采取什么行动以及由谁来负责他们在一定程度上对的第一个以及第二个动因的回答是如果该活动的主要目标是争取一个特定派别的支持公司可能有通过各种渠道宣传活动达到这个派别要求的必要因此在发起披露情况的探索前我们提供了一个为什么要进行企业社会责任活动的简要概述伯德等人2007采用传统的经济学分析问题认为经理应该适应净现值NPV去分析所有潜在的企业社会责任活动并只执行有利于净现值的行动才能增加利益相关者的财富这个理论在企业社会责任语境的一个重要元素是古典概念即股东利益相关者是唯一重要的利益本研究发现市场渐渐忽视了评估的影响即无效模式伴随着多样性措施进入市场价格虽然作者并不能明确地考虑这件信息传播的重要暗示他们这种披露应该通过股东们习惯的渠道发生即托管的文档如年度报告和10-Ks传统新古典方法在企业社会责任中运用有一个不确定的问题就是它不像生产决策那样企业社会责任活动及其结果可能不会放弃那个用数学就能容易解决的必要的可靠的净现值分析营销策略在营销文件中发现咨询的另一个分支说明企业社会责任主要可以被财富关系驱使见罗宾和瑞德巴赫1987年的一个广泛的调查文学布朗和达欣1997提供实证证据表明消费相信产品受公司所拥有的企业能力生产者的竞争优势和生产者的企业社会责任等