牛津高中英语虚拟语气的全部考点和记忆技巧

1、虚拟语气的基本内容【开头引入】If 如果 (如果有两种可能,有可能发生的，不可能发生的。)有可能发生If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the park. 不可能发生 虚拟语气，例如，如果我是姚明，。虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。所以，凡表示与事实不符的假设，想象，愿望时，需用虚拟语气表达。一、If 引导的虚拟（一）If 引导的虚拟语气,可用下表表示。从句主句与现在事实相反did/wereWould/could/should/might do 与过去事实相反Had doneWould/could/should/mi

2、ght have done与将来时间相反1.did/were2.should do3.were to doWould/could/should/might do例如： 与现在事实相反：If I had wings, I would fly over the sea. If she were rich, she would buy a bigger house.If there were no gravity, we would not be able to walk on the earth.与过去事实相反：If You had gone to the party, You would hav

3、e seen YaoMing. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.与将来事实相反：If he were to tomorrow, We would have the meeting.If he should come tomorrow, We could go to the park together. If there were a heavy snow next Monday, we would not go skating.（二）if虚拟语气条件句的省略倒装。如果虚拟条件从句中有were,

4、had, should,可把if 省略，把were, had, should 提到主语前面，成为倒装结构。 If I were you, I would accept the challenges. -Were I you, I would accept the challenges If you had informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract. -Had you informed me earlier, I wouldnt have signed the contract. If she should be my dau

5、ghter, I wouldnt allow her to study abroad.-Should she be my daughter, I wouldnt allow her to study abroad.VIP Tips : Were it not for“如果要不是” Had it not been for“如果当时要不是” Were it not for your help, I would never be a good boss. 要不是你的帮助，我永远成不了一个好的老板。 Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way.

6、当时要不是你，我就迷路了。*如果谓语动词是否定形式，不能用动词的缩略形式。3. If it werent for the expense, I would go broad now.Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now.Exercises.11. Had she worked harder, she _ (succeed).2. If the lawyer had been here last Saturday, he _me from going. (prevent)3. _ such a disaster _, the dam

7、age would be incalculable. (occur)4. _he _ today, he would get there by Friday. (leave)5. If there were life on Mars, such life forms _ unable to survive on the earth.(be)6. -Did you remind him of the meeting?-No, if I _at home, I would have.(be)7. John went to the hospital alone.If he _ me about it

8、 , I would have gone with him.A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 9. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken 10. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our

9、 expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might11. Had I know about this computer program, a huge amount of time and money _. A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved二、错综时间条件句*注意：考试时会出现一种情况，从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间不一致，被称为“错综时间条件句”，我们要分别根据从句和主句的动作发生的时间对其进行虚拟。例如： If you had f

10、ollowed my advice just now, you would be better now.如果你刚才听了我的建议，你现在就好多了。 If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你以前好好学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天方便的话，我们就可以把他送到北京去了。Exercises 2 1. May be if I _science, and not literatur

11、e then, I would be able to give you more help.A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying2. Look! If we had begun to do the work yesterday morning, we _ ourselves just like them. A. would have enjoyed B. were to enjoy C. should enjoy D. would be enjoying3. If you had taken the medicine

12、yesterday, you _ so bad now. A. wouldnt have felt B. dont feel C. wouldnt be feeling D. arent feeling4. If the United States had built more homes for the poor in 1995, the housing problems now in some parts of this country _ so serious. A. wouldnt be B. wont be C. will not have been D. would not hav

13、e been三、含蓄条件句。有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件从句，而是通过介词短语，副词，连词替代来代替条件从句。 例如：1. 如果没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成任务。If it had not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.Ø Had it not been for your help, Ø Without/ But for your help2. 我那天生病了，否则，我就参加运动会了。If I had not been ill that

14、day, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.Ø I would have taken part in the sports meeting, but I was ill that day.Ø I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.四、特殊句式1. 馒头-面条原理 用于表示建议，决定，命令等词语后的that-从句用在suggest(建议)，insist(坚决要求)，order(命令，下令)，advise(

15、劝告，忠告)，propose(提议，建议)，recommend(劝告，建议)和require(法规要求，规定)等动词之后的that-宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。1. He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.2. They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.3. He advised that she (should) wait for a few weeks.4. We proposed that someone neutral (sho

16、uld) take the chair.5. Teachers recommend parents (should) not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.注意：当suggest 表示“暗示”，“表明”之意，insist表示“坚持认为”，后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。1. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.2. The man insisted that he had never stole

17、 the money.用在idea, suggestion, advice, request, proposal, demand, order, plan等名词之后的that-表语从句和同位语从句。从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。1. My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.2. We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Dalian for sightseeing.3. Your advice that she (should) w

18、ait till next week is reasonable.4. He ignored the neighbors requests that he (should) make less noise.5. My demand is that the information referred in my report (should) be emailed to Mr. Brown without delay. It is suggested/ strange/ important/necessary/ essential/ recommended/ natural/ a pity tha

19、t +从句。从句的谓语动词用（should）+动词原形。如果从句动作先发生，则用should have+过去分词。1. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week.2. It is strange that he should have acted towards his parents like that.3. It was necessary that he (should) leave immediately.4. It is absolutely essential that all the f

20、acts (should) be examined first.5. It is recommended that the work (should) not be started until all the preparations have been made. 注意：当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist 表示“坚持说，力言”之意，后面不用虚拟语气。例如： The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that

21、 he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持他没有偷钱。常用必背：1个坚持：insist1个决定：decide 2个命令：order/ command3个要求：demand/require/desire4个建议：advise/propose/suggest/recommendVIP Tips :虚拟语气在从句中的运用，主要在在上面这些表示建议命令要求等的词汇后面，用should+动词原形。要熟记上面的词汇，同时要掌握这些词汇的名词形式及有的形容词的形式，在考试时题目有时会故意省略should，自己要根据这些提示词来判断后面的虚拟语气。Exercises 31. T

22、he guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules. (obey)2. I dont think it advisable that Tom _ to the job since he was experienced. (assign)3. My suggestion is that the experiment _ in another way. (do)4. It is of utmost importance that you _here on time. (be)5. It was proposed that the mat

23、ter _ at the next meeting. (discuss)6. The doctor has given the order that the patient _a bath every day. (have)7. It is vital that you _ our competitor to know our plan. (permit)8. Emphasis is laid on the necessity that all the objectives _into account before starting a new project. (take)9. He did

24、 his homework carefully for fear that he _.A. made a mistake B. makes a mistakeC. make a mistake D. would make a mistake10. It is decided that he _ for a bus to meet the guests from Beijing.A. call B. calls C. arrange D. arranged2. wish 引导的宾语从句表示一种不太可能实现的愿望，用虚拟语气。谓语动词的构成如下：表达意义宾语从句动作wish从句谓语动词时态exam

25、ples与现在事实想法的愿望从句动作与wish同时过去时I wish I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.与过去事实相反的愿望从句动作先于wish过去完成时I wish I had met that film star yesterday.将来难以实现的愿望从句动作后于wishCould/would/might+动词原形I wish I could go to Brazil and watch the World Cup.注意：此语法规则同样适用于if only+句子= how I wish +that从句3. would rather

26、+宾语从句 如用虚拟语气，其构成为would rather+动词过去式/过去完成时（从句动作先发生），意为“我宁愿”1. She will get home at dinner time, but I would rater she got home a little earlier.2. He didnt attend the meeting. I would rather he had been present.Exercises 41. They offered this expensive wine, but frankly Id rather they_(offer) me some

27、 beer.2. I wish I _ able to talk it over with him when he was here last night. (be)3. Look at the terrible situation I am in! How I wish I _ your advice. (take)4. Sometimes I wish I _ in a different time and a different place. (live)5. Wouldnt you rather your child _ bed early? (go)6. His wife would

28、 rather that they _ about the matter any more. (not talk)7. If only the explosion_, those people would not have been killed. (happen)8. How I wish it _(rain). If it _ in a few days, the crops would be saved. (rain)9. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I would rather he _

29、 more on its culture.(focus)3. It is (high) time (that) 意为（现在）该，表示提议。从句前无that, 谓语动词用过去式。如果有that,用动词过去式或用should+动词原形。1. It is (high) time you went to school.2. It is (high) time that you went to school.3. It is (high) time that we should start out.4.as if 引导的从句as if 引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词表达的动作同时发生，从句谓语动词用过

30、去式；先于主句谓语动词，用过去完成式；后于主句谓语动词，用过去将来时。1. He looks as if he were an artist.2. He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in America.3. He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.Exercises 51. She was sitting quietly in the garden as if nothing _ to him. (happen)2. He fought a

31、s hard as if his wife _ in danger. (are)3. Its high time you _ him for his being late. (criticize)4. Looking around the small village, he felt as though he _ from an evil dream. (wake)5. Dr. Bethune worked hard as if he _tired. (never fell)6. It is high time that such a practice _ an end to. (put)7.

32、 Isnt it high time we _ responsibly, with our nations future in mind? (live)8. The tree looked as if it _ for a long time. ( not water)9. The whole family greet me as if I _ a member of the family. (be)5在高考中，情态动词运用在虚拟语气中表示责备和批评语气。“should (ought to / could/ may/ might)+have done ”表示“过去应该做而未做到”的虚拟语气。该

33、结构的否定形式则表示“过去不该做的事情却做了”的意思，是一种委婉的责备。语气最强的是should,语气最弱的是might。1 .could have done 本能够做而未做 2.should / ought to have done本应该做而未做 3.neednt have done 本不必做而做了 4.might have done 本可能做而未做 5.would rather have done 宁愿做过某事 6would ( should) like / love to have done 本想做而未做 具体讲解：1.表示委婉批评 could/ may/ might +have don

34、e 结构，常译为“本可以做得更一些” You are late again. You could have come earlier. 你又来晚了，你本应该早一点来的。 Youve made a few mistakes. You might have been a little bit more careful. 你犯了几个错误，你本应该更细心些。2.表示强烈责备 Should/ ought to have done 结构，常译为“本应该做的更一些, 结果” You should have told me earlier that you werent able to come. 你本应该早

35、点告诉我你不能来的。（暗示我在这里已经等了很长时间了。） You shouldnt have failed this time.你这次本不该失败的。（暗示对你这次失败的不满）3.表示本来没有必要 neednt + have+ 过去分词 结构，常译为“做了不必要做的事情” You neednt have told him. He has already known about it. 你当时没有必要告诉他，他已经知道了。 Its so near. We neednt have taken a taxi. 这么近，当时我们没有必要做出租车的。VIP Tips :情态动词have done表示对过去

36、动作或状态的推测时 1Can / Could +主语have done? (疑问句) 可能做过某事吗？ 2Cant / Couldnt have done (否定句) 不可能做过某事 3may/ might + have done (肯定句) 可能做过某事 4. must have done (肯定句) 一定做过某事高考速递1.（2012 浙江，19）Had they known what was coming next, they_ second thoughts.A. may have B. could have C. must have had D. might have had2. (

37、2012 江苏，35) Happy birthday! Thank you ! Its the best present I _for.A. should have wished B. must have wishedC. may have wished D. could have wished3. (2012 山东，30) If we _adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful.A. havent made B. wouldnt makeC. must have had D. hadnt mad

38、e4. (2012 安徽，31) Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _there, she wouldnt be able to see his parents very often.A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live 5.（2012，北京，35）Dont handle the vase as if it _made of steel.A. is B. were C. has been D. had beenKeys: DDDDC虚拟

39、语气练习题1. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey2. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see3. -If he _, he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had b

40、een warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken4. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 5. When a pen is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has bro

41、ken C. were broken D. had been broken 6. You did not let me drive. If we _ in return, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt B. drove; wouldnt C. driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got7. I didnt see your uncle at the party. If he _, he would have said hello to me. A. would come B. had come C.

42、 came D. did come 8. _it _ for your help, I couldnt have made any progress. A. Had; not been B. Should; not be C. Did; not be D. Not; be 9. Mr Smih was badly ill, or he _our dinner party. A. should come to B. would have attended C. would come to D. should have attended10. If only he _ quietly as the

43、 doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had laid D. should lie11. What would have happened _? A. Bob had walked father B. if Bob should walk father C. had Bob walked father D. if Bob walked father12. Bell remembers everything exactly as if it _yesterday. A. was happeni

44、ng B. happens C. has happened D. happened13. It is a pity we cant find him. If he _ here, he _ us how to do it. A. were; told B. were; would tell C. had been; had told D. had been; told14. If we _200 years old, we _everything. A. were to be; could change B. had been; changed C. were; would have changed D. should be; changed15. If your father _ this, he would be angry. A. knows B. knew C. had known D. would know16. _ your address, I would have written to you. A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I should know17. The patient insisted that he _