牛津英语8B unit1unit4 知识点整理

1、牛津英语8B unit1-4 知识点&语法汇总Unit 1知识点一、重点短语1. in the past few years 在过去的几年中 2. at present 目前3. in the future 未来；将来 4. an hour ago 一小时前5. in the bowl在碗里 6. share sth. with sb.和.分享 7. be kind to sb. 对友好 8. wait for the next one 等下一辆车 9. knowvery well 非常了解 10. since I was born自我出生以来11. move house 搬家 12.

2、 get married to sb.= marry sb.= be married to sb. 和某人结婚 13.marry sb. to sb.把某人嫁给某人14. since then 从那以后 15. move two blocks away 搬到两个街区以外 16. change a lot改变许多 17. over the years 在这些年期间(现在完成时)18. in the town center= in the center of the town在镇中心 19. a steel factory 一家钢铁厂 20. water pollution水污染 air poll

3、ution空气污染 noise pollution噪音污染 21. put the waste into the river把废料扔进河 put away 收好 put on 穿上 put off 推迟/延期22. realize the problem意识到问题 23. take action to improve the situation采取行动改善情况24. much cleaner 干净得多 25. have a beautiful modern town拥有一个美丽现代化的城镇26.most of my old friends我的大多数老朋友 27. move away 搬走28.

4、play cards and Chinese chess 打牌，下中国象棋 29. the amazing changes 令人惊奇的改变30.a group of buildings with streets on all sides街道两边全是高楼31.all ones life 某人的一生 32. repair over ten bicycles 修十多辆自行车 33.the changes in Beijing北京的变化 34. over the past century上个世纪期间 35.learn more about更多了解关于 36. plan to do sth.计划做某事

5、37. hear about/of 听说 hear from sb. 收到某人来信 38. clean and fresh air干净新鲜空气 39.living condition居住环境 40. railway station火车站 41. travel to and from the town by bus乘公交进出城镇 42. another big change 另一个大变化 43. move into new flats搬进新的公寓 move out of搬出44. return from the USA 从美国回来 return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人45. g

6、o abroad 出国，去国外 at home or abroad在国内外46. at primary school 在小学 47.keep in touch with each other互相保持联络   municate by email 通过电子邮件交流 49.make communication much easier使沟通更容易 communicate with sb.和某人保持联系50. be/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于（干）某事 get used to the changes of life 习惯了生活的变化51. take pla

7、ce发生（有目的有计划的）、举行 happen发生(偶然发生)52. green hills all around 到处都是绿山 53. a river runs through the centre of town 一条小河穿过镇中心54. on ones own = by oneself = alone独自55、throw rubbish扔垃圾 56、in some large open spaces在一些大的开阔的地方57、in their free time 在他们业余时间 58、travel around the town在镇里转转59、have their own cars= ha

8、ve cars of their own有他们自己的汽车60.narrow and dirty roads 又窄又脏的公路 61.wide and clean streets宽阔而干净的街道 62.green trees on both sides两边绿树 63.enjoy a comfortable life享受舒服的生活 64. from time to time=at times=sometimes有时二、词汇梳理1.I've just eaten it.我刚才把它吃了。 (eat-ate-eaten) just adv. 意为“刚才” 常与完成时连用。 他们刚刚到达。 e.g.

9、 They have just arrived.注意：just now 意为“刚才”，相当于“a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。我刚才去了图书馆。e.g.I went to the library just now. 2.used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。 1) 他的父母过去住在乡下。 e.g. His parents used to live in the countryside.2) Tom 过去常常早起，不是吗？ e.g. Tom used to get up early, di

10、dn't he?/ usedn't he? be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 e.g. My father is used to reading newspapers after dinner. be used to do 被用来做 e.g. A pen is used to write with.笔是用来写的。 3.turninto 把变成 Heat turns water into vapor .热使水变成蒸气。 turn on打开 turn off关 turn up调高 turn down调低 turn around转身 by turns轮流地 in

11、 turn依次 turn in 上交 Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 4.in some ways 在某种程度上 in this way以这种方式 on the way (to )在的路上 by the way 顺便说下 no way 没门 in any way 无论如何 5.It has become impossible for us to see each other as often as before.E.g 1.It is necessary for us to study English hard. 2. It is kind of you to

12、help us.若形容词是描述行为者的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.。若形容词仅仅是描述事物, 用for sb.，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。6. feel a bit lonely from time to time 有时感到有点孤单feel a bit lonely 感到有点孤单 from time to time=at times=sometimes有时a bit和a little “稍微”、“

13、有点” ,修饰形容词、副词。在肯定句中可以互换。a little 直接修饰不可数名词;而a bit修饰名词时,其后须加上of,构成“a bit of+n.”结构。例如: He knows a bit of French.        a bit和a little的否定式意义正好相反。not a bit=not at all,意为“毫不”;而not a little=

14、very much,意为“非常”,“很”。例如: He is not a bit tired.他一点不累。 He is not a little tired.他很累。 a few/few用在复数可数名词之前，little/a little用在不可数名词之前。 e.g.He took a few biscuits. (肯定 ) He took few biscuits(否定)  He to

15、ok a little butter. (肯定)     He took little butter. (否定) 7.because of being alone 因为独自一人. lonely, alone的区别：lonely作表语，表示心灵内部的孤独寂寞；lonely修饰地点时，意：“荒凉的，偏僻的”。alone指单独、独自的意思，作表语。如：He is alone, but he never feels lonely.8.wayin a way 在某种程度上 e.g. In a way, y

16、ou're right. 从某一点上看你是对的。in some ways:在某种程度上;在某些方面 e.g. In some ways I agree with you.在某种程度上我同意你的观点in the way挡道地on the way. = on ones way在来、去或旅行的过程中 She is on her way out the door. 她往户外走。on the way home 在回家路上 (home 是副词，所以省to)on the way to school 在上学路上e.g.Winter is on the way. 冬天就要来到了the way to th

17、e key to.the way to the post office 去邮局的路by the way 顺便说一下9. the changes to Sunshine Town阳光镇的变化the changes to 的变化 change n.变化，常用复数changes。 e.g. Great changes have taken place since 1995.10. We lived till 1965, when I got married. get married结婚get/be married to sb与某人结婚marry sb与某人结婚，e.g. She married a

18、football player. marry sb to sb把某人嫁给某人，e.g. He married his daughter to an actor. get/be married to sb和某人结婚，e.g. Yao Ming got married to Ye Li on 6 August, 2007. 表示“已经结婚”用have/has got married，表示“已经结婚多久”用have/has been married for时间段或since时间点。e.g. They have got married. They have been married for 5 yea

19、rs.不能说成They have got married for 5 years.11.The changes to Moonlight Town have brought advantages, but they have also caused many problems for people. bring advantages to 给带来好处，advantage优点；有利条件disadvantage缺点；不利条件 cause problems for给带来麻烦3、 Grammar 现在完成时（1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have / has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余

20、用have.现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。 否定式疑问式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studied? Yes, you have. No, you havent.You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied? Yes, I have. No, I havent.He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.（2）用法：1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在

21、的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。而一般过去时也表示动作已经完成，但强调的是过去发生了某一动作这样一个事实。如果没有说明动作发生的具体时间，则一般用现在完成时；如果说明了动作发生的具体时间，带有表示过去的时间状语，则用一般过去时。例如： My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 Im sure weve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, these days, recently, now, l

22、ately, for, since, in the last/past two weeks/years/days/months, just 等。如： I havent heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We havent seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 她从星期一就一直和我们在一起。注意：1）表示短暂意义的动词如open, go, come, die, arr

23、ive, leave, lose, fall等，在完成时当中不能和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： ×He has come here for 2 weeks. ×The old man has died for 4 months. ×They have left only for 5 minutes.以上三句话可以改为：Its two weeks since he came here. He has been here for 2 weeks.Its 4 months since the old man died

24、.They have been away only for 5 minutes2）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了）Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿

25、大）.3）现在完成时不能和明确指出时间的状语，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in 等连用， 但可以和不明确指出时间的状语，如already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。I havent read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他

26、。Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。They have never been to Yanan. 他们从未去过延安。I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。Unit 2知识点一、重点短语1. go to sp for a/ones holiday去某地度假 2. be on holiday在度假3. have been to sp去过某地（已经回来） 4. have gone to sp去了某地（还

27、没回来） 5.join sb in doing sth加入某人去做某事 6. get ready for sth. 为做好准备 get ready to do sth. 准备做某事7. take sth. with sb.随身携带 8. place of interest 名胜9. see each other 互相见面 10. miss sb. very much 非常想念某人11. have a fantastic/good/nice/wonderful time=have fun=enjoy oneself玩得愉快12. get to sp.=reach sp.=arrive at/in

28、 sp. 到达某地(没有目的地只用arrive) 13.at the speed of 以的速度 14. through the ride在行程中15.（动词)hurry to sp/ go to sp in a hurry(名词) 16. such as/for example例如17. later in the afternoon=in the late afternoon下午迟些时候 18. the best part of the day 这天最好部分19. run after sb.追赶某人 20. cant stop doing =cant help doing 禁不住做某事21.

29、 Stop to do something停下来去做另一件事 Stop doing something停止正在做的22. be like magic像魔法一样23. a couple of = a pair of 一双；一对 24. near/at the end of 将近/在结束的时候 25. in the end=finally 最后 26. by the end of到.为止27. during your stay there (名词) 在你待在那期间28.let me have a look at sth.让我看一下某物29.go to sp to attend a meeting去

30、某地开会 30.在沙滩上玩play on the sand31. 顺便说一下by the way 32. 邀请某人去野餐invite sb to go for a picnic33.去野餐go for a picnic /have a picnic 34.中国园林Chinese gardens35.自然景观places of natural beauty36.全年去那儿go there all year round(during the whole year)37.在任何季节in any season 38.在一年的那个时刻at that time of year39.去某地出差go to s

31、p on business 40.leave for sp 动身去某地，前往某地42.在一大早in the early morning 43.坐飞机去某地take a plane to sp / take a flight to sp go to sp by air / plane go to sp on a plane44.wave to sb.向某人挥手二、词汇梳理1.miss sb. very much 非常想念某人miss v. 1)思念；想念When I studied in USA，I miss my parents very much. 2)错过，没赶上 Hurry up, or

32、 you will miss the bus. n. 小姐，后接 姓氏时，常常大写 This is my English teacher, Miss li. 2.spend the whole day at Disneyland在迪斯尼度过一整天 spend v 1） 度过 I spent my winter holiday in Hainan. 2) 花费 spend + 时间/金钱 on + 东西 spend + 时间/金钱（in) doing something E.g. I spent an hour on my homework yesterday. I spent an hour

33、in doing my homework yesterday. 3.On the way 在路上 on the way to + 地点 在去的路上 on ones way to + 地点 在某人去的路上 注意：遇到 home/here/there 等地点副词时省略to4. see sb. playing on the sand看到某人正在沙滩上玩see somebody doing sth 看到某人正在做see somebody do sth 看到某人做某事的过程或经常看到某人做某事E.g.I saw him working in the garden yesterday. Jim often

34、 sees Mary help others. 5.die v 死亡 His grandfather died last week.death n 死亡 He cried after knowing his grandfathers death.dying 动词现在分词；形容词 奄奄一息的，垂死的His grandfather is dying. 他的爷爷快过世了。dead 形容词 死的 His grandfather has been dead for three years. 6.1)Except 与 besides 都可表示“除外”，但 besides 表示一种累加关系，意指“除了什么之

35、外，还有”；而 except 则表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有”。如：Besides his wife，his daughter also went to see him. 除他妻子外，他女儿也去看过他(即妻子女儿都去看过他)。Nobody went to see him except his wife. 除他妻子外，没有一个人看过他(即只有他妻子去看过他)。 2)关于 except 与 except for：except 主要用来谈论同类的东西，而 except for是"除了因为;要不是;除去一点外"的意思,表示"对一个人或事物,先做一个整体评价

36、,然后再就局部提出一点看法"。即一部分被肯定,另一部分被否定,这就是所谓的"排除否定式"。其判别标志是:除去的与保留的"不是同类项"。All compositions are well written except yours. 除了你的作文外，其他的作文都写得很好。His composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 他的作文写得不错，只是有几处拼写错误。 7.in front of (在某物外部的前面） There are two trees in front of the

37、classroom. in the front of (在某物内部的前面）There are a teachers desk in the front of the classroom.8.endless:无止尽的，-less后缀表示“没有的” 例：I have an endless list of homework to do.我有没完没了的家务活去做。9.have a birds-eye view of:鸟瞰、俯视例：From the hill we can have a bird's-eye view of the city. 从山上我们可以鸟瞰全城。11.go on a sch

38、ool trip 进行一次学校旅行12.in all总共, 合计;总之 above all 最重要的是, 首先; 尤其是, 特别是 after all毕竟, 终究, 归根结底 first of all首先13.The weather in Hong Kong is quite different from that in Beijing.香港的天气与北京不同。在asas, not as/soas, the same as, be different from或形容词、副词的比较等级结构中，当主语为不可数名词时，后者用that代替。当主语是名词复数时，后者用those代替。e.g. Usuall

39、y the pollution in big cities is much more serious than that in the countries. There are more books in our library than those in theirs.3、 Grammar have gone to和have been to的区别和用法 have gone to意为“到某地去”，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一人称、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如：Where is Jim？吉姆在哪里？He has gone to England他去英国了。（尚未回来）Mr Wang isn&#

40、39;t hereHe has gone to Qingdao王先生不在这里。他去青岛了。 have been to意为“曾经去过某地”，现在已不在那里了，后可接次数，如once，twice，three times等，表示“去过某地几次”，也可和 just，never，ever等连用。如：My father has been to Beijing twice我父亲去过北京两次。I have never been to the Great Wall我从未去过长城。have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”，常与时间段状语连用。如：I have been in Shanghai for t

41、hree years我到上海已有三年了。He has been in London for half a month他来伦敦已有半个月了。现在完成时表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时，要加表示一段时间的时间状语，常用 for一段时间, since时间点。谓语动词也要用延续性的动词。现在完成时中非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换非延续性动词延续性动词例句buyhave(has) hadHe has had this motorcycle for over two years.borrowhave(has) keptShe has kept this book for nearly three we

42、eks.arrivehave(has) been in/atKitty has been in Hong Kong for two days.leave,have(has) been awayShe has been away from home for a month.joinhave(has) been in/ a member ofHe has been a member of the Football Club since last year.diehave(has) been deadThe lamb has been dead for quite some time.get mar

43、riedhave(has) been marriedThey have been married for more than fifteen e/gohave(has) been in/atMy cousin has been in Beijing for a month.begin/starthave(has) been onThe parade has been on for almost an hour.stophave(has) been overThe conference has been over since last Saturday.losehave(has

44、) been lostThe key has been lost for about three hours.Unit 3知识点一、重点短语1. look like 看起来像 2. agree with sb. on sth同意某人观点 3. agree to do sth同意做某事 4. cant wait 迫不及待5. come on 来吧，赶快 6. cheer for 为欢呼7. enjoy oneself 玩得开心 8. get on 上车9.鼠标（复数）mouse mouses 老鼠（复数）mouse mice 10.chat(动词）with sb. have a chat（名词）

45、 with sb. 和某人聊天11. do word processing做文字处理 12. send and receive emails收发电子邮件13. be fast and easy快捷 14. almost every day几乎每天15. I have no idea.Ive no idea.I dont know.我不知道16. Around the World in Eight Hours 八小时环游世界17. at the top of the page在本页上方 18. at the bottom of 在底部19. further on再往前 20. be famous

46、/ known for21. be famous as+职业 作而出名 22. so much for sth.关于.就讲这么多，.到此为止 23. pick another city选择另一个城市 24. pick up 捡起来 / 去(机场)接某人25. be filled with / be full of充满 26.fewer than / less than少于 27.more than / over多于 28.fall from the sky从空中落下29.dream of / about doing sth梦想做某事30.book tickets and hotels 预定票和

47、酒店 31.order meals 订餐32.be made up of.由.组成 33.have a long history 有着悠久的历史34.the best time to visit 参观的最好时节 35.prepare for为准备36.prepare to do sth.准备做某事 e out:出版、发行；出来, 长出38.be filled with / be full of充满 39.return from sp从某地回来 40. return to sp 回到某地二、词汇梳理1. look like 看起来像（指长相，即可指人也可指物） What do/does sb.

48、look like? 问长相=How do/does sb. look? What be sb. like? 问品质 What do/does sb. like? 问喜好2.send and receive emails收发电子邮件 (1) send 发送 send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.把某物寄给/送给某人 (2) receive 收到，接到 receive emails 接收邮件 区分：receive 与accept receive 客观(被动地)收到 accept 主观接受 eg. I received a bunch of flower, but I did

49、n't accept it. 3. use sth to do/ use sth. for sth. 用做1.你通常用你的电脑来干嘛？What do you use your computer for?What do you use your computer to do?2.我用它来搜索信息use it to search for informationuse it for searching for information4. turn on the TV turn on/off打开/关闭，turn up/down调大/调低；都是“动词副词”。5. notice the “tour

50、” icon注意到“tour”这个图标 notice sb do sth注意到某人做了某事 notice sb doing sth注意到某人正在做某事6. thousands of 数以千计的 hundred, thousand, million等表示确指时（前面有具体的数字），用单数；表泛指（前面没有数字）用复数，其后加of 。 eg. three thousand hundreds of7. 1. Its exciting to see the huge glass ball falling through the darkness. 看到大玻璃球在黑夜中落下令人很兴奋。(1) see s

51、b. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事 eg. When I passed by the KFC, I saw many children eating hamburgers and chips in it. see sb. do sth.看见某人做了某事（强调动作发生的全过程）（2）through the darkness穿过黑夜8. With several lakes, hills and a large green lawn, its a good place to relax after a hard days work.(1) 一个放松的好地方a good place to

52、relax relax 放松，休息 relax oneself放松自己动词三单：relaxes 形容词：relaxed 修饰人 relaxing 修饰物(2) 在辛苦工作一天后after a hard days work 30小时的火车车程 thirty hours train ride(3) 一大片绿草地a large green lawn9. It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century(1) 因而出名be famous/ known for 作而出名be famous as+职业 被.所熟知be

53、 famous to sbE.g.He is famous to the people all over the world.他被全世界的人所熟知.自从20世纪早期since the early twentieth century 10. take part in =join in +比赛/活动 join +党派/组织/sb./trip/walk join sb. in doing sth.加入某人做某事的行列11. 介意做某事mind doing sth 介意某人做某事mind ones doing sth (中间用形物主代) 介意给我展示如何开始在线旅游mind showing me how to start this online tour 介意我打开窗子mind my opening the window(中间用形物代) Do you mind doing sth.? 介意：Youd better not . 不介意：Not at all. /Of course not. /Certainly not.12. 不客气，很乐意My pleasure. / Its my pleasure.（名词） my pleasure 不客气，很乐意效劳，回答别人的道谢，=Youre welcome. 区别：with pleasure 很乐意效劳 ，回答别人的请