七省名校名师高考英语专题--定语从句

1、定语从句定语从句考纲解读考纲解读 定语从句是历年高考试题的考查热点之一,主要出现在“单项填空” “完形填空”等题型中 其考点相对集中地考查非限制性定语从句 关系代词和关系副词的选用 定语从句中主谓语的一致关系以及“介词 + 关系代词”等;预计今后高考英语命题中定语从句将会侧重考查非限制性定语从句(特别是关系代词which与as的选用);“介词 + 关系代词(which, whom等)”;定语从句与相似句式的用法区别等返回目录定义及相关术语定义及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修

2、饰的先行词之后。饰的先行词之后。2.先行词：先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 That is the teacher who teaches us English.Those who want to go to the park are girls._（名词）（名词）_（代词）（代词）3.关系词：关系词： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.Football is a game which is liked by most boys.I stil

3、l remember the day when I first came to this school.He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 关系词通常有下列三个作用：关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句引导定语从句； B.代替先行词代替先行词； C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。在定语从句中担当一个成分。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.1). a. The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the

4、time. b. The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.2). a. Ill never forget the day _we spent together in Paris. b. Ill remember the day_we stayed together at that time.why(which/that)when(which/that)关系代词与关系副词的区别关系代词与关系副词的区别返回目录3). a. Is this the factory_ we visited last year? b. Is this the house _Li

5、ncoln once lived? c. Is this house _ we visited last year?(which/that)where解题点拨解题点拨:看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；看引导词在定语从句中充当什么成分；若是作若是作状语状语, 就用就用where, when, why等等关系副词关系副词；若是作若是作主语、宾语或定语主语、宾语或定语，则用，则用关系代词关系代词that, which, whom, whose等。等。the one返回目录考点诠释考点诠释 【实战点评】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填【实战点评】用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：空： This is th

6、e factory _ he visited last year. This is the factory _ he worked last year. This is the factory_ he worked in last year. This is the factory in _ he worked last year. This is the very factory _ he visited last year. 返回目录指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所属关系所属关系 指地点指地点 指时间指时间 指原因指原因 who, whom, that, aswhich, that, a

7、swhosewherewhenwhy关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词归纳总结归纳总结先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分考点一、考点一、where 的用法的用法1.如果定语从句分别修饰如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 或或in which引导，意思是引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某到了某种地步，在某种境况中种境况中” 。eg. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。Ive come to the point where I can

8、t stand him国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）山东） A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres

9、 one point _ we must insist on . （06江西）江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。恰当的关系词。 考点二、考点二、when 的用法的用法1. It was October_we met in Shanghai for the first time.2. It was in October_we met in Shanghai for the first time. A. that B. which C. when D. whileCA 注注:3.I will

10、never forget the days _ I spent with your family.(that/which)考点考点三三：介词：介词+关系词关系词1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.3. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon which4. I recognized the boss _company my si

11、ster was working. in whose解题方法解题方法:介词的确定介词的确定:根据从句中动词的习惯搭配根据从句中动词的习惯搭配 ;根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯;根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系关系.考点四：考点四：as的用法的用法asthatwhich1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift it.asthat 当主句中出现当主句中出现such 或或so 时时,看后面从句是否看后面从句是否缺主语或

12、宾语缺主语或宾语:(1)缺主语或宾语缺主语或宾语,从句前用从句前用as, 引导定语从句引导定语从句(2)不缺主语和宾语不缺主语和宾语,从句前用从句前用that,引导结果状语从引导结果状语从句句考点四：考点四：as的用法的用法3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhich模拟训练模拟训练 ：1. He is such a lazy man_ nobody wants to work with_. A.

13、as; him B. that; / C. as; / D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back to_ place _ she witnessed the robbery. A. the same; as B. the same; where C. the same ; that D. as the same; as wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book. where定语从句定语从句th

14、at强调句型强调句型综合考查一：定语从句与强调句综合考查一：定语从句与强调句3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when考点五考点五.综合考查综合考查 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。友情提示友情提示综

15、合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句1. We all have heard the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.that that/which/综合考查三：定语从句与综合考查三：定语从句与表表语从句语从句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）江苏） A. which; wher

16、e B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which that/which定语从句与同位语从句的区别定语从句与同位语从句的区别:在定语从句在定语从句中中,that 要担任成分要担任成分;when, where, why 前有其含前有其含义相当的先行词义相当的先行词.而在同位语从句中而在同位语从句中,that 不担任不担任成分成分,只起连接的作用只起连接的作用,不用翻译不用翻译; when, where, why 前没有其含义相当的词语前没有其含义相当的词语.区别区别方法方法（2）定语从句与表语从句的区别）定语从句与表语从句的区别:

17、在表语从在表语从句中句中,从句只充当表语的成分从句只充当表语的成分,常位于系动词常位于系动词后面后面.而定语从句前一定有先行词而定语从句前一定有先行词.定语从句与强调句型的区别定语从句与强调句型的区别:在强调句型中在强调句型中,去掉去掉it is/was 和和 that/who 句子仍然成立句子仍然成立,但定但定语从句不可语从句不可（4）定语从句与状语从句的区别）定语从句与状语从句的区别:定语从句前定语从句前一定有先行词来引导一定有先行词来引导,而状语从句没有先行词而状语从句没有先行词,它所引导的状语从句只在句中充当状语的成分它所引导的状语从句只在句中充当状语的成分.This is the p

18、lace where I was born.This is the place where I was born.I grow up where I was born.I grow up where I was born.综合考查四综合考查四:主谓一致主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致动词的人称和数必须和先行词保持一致.注意注意: “one of+复数名词复数名词”后的定语从句谓语用后的定语从句谓语用复数复数,而而“the (only/very) one of +复数名词复数名词”后的定后的定语从句谓语用语从

19、句谓语用单数单数.eg. I, who am your friend ,will do my best to help you.Tom is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.返回目录高考链接高考链接 （2008，福建，福建，31）By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. fro

20、m which D. above which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的介词【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的介词which的用法，原句可还原成的用法，原句可还原成a rare rainbow appeared above 。根据选项我们已经知道了考查的大方。根据选项我们已经知道了考查的大方向向, 就是需要我们找到合适的介词搭配。就是需要我们找到合适的介词搭配。返回目录高考链接高考链接(09四川卷四川卷)20. Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.

21、 A. that B. which C. where D. when 【答案【答案】D 【解析】考查定语从句的用法。【解析】考查定语从句的用法。her stay为先行词为先行词，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期，可以理解为抽象的一段时间（她呆在那里期间），间），when指代指代her stay在定语从句中做时间状在定语从句中做时间状语。语。 返回目录高考链接高考链接（2008, 浙浙, 8）Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which 【解析】本题考查的是非限

22、制性定语从句。题中【解析】本题考查的是非限制性定语从句。题中空格前面主句中的先行词是空格前面主句中的先行词是car，空格后面定语从，空格后面定语从句的谓语动词句的谓语动词bought后面缺一个宾语，只能选用后面缺一个宾语，只能选用关系代词。关系代词。A项项when和和 B项项where都是关系副词，都是关系副词，可以予以排除，可以予以排除，C项项that不能用于非限制性定语从不能用于非限制性定语从句中。故选句中。故选D。返回目录高考链接高考链接（2008江苏，江苏，24） The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Brit

23、ain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where【解析】本题考查的重点是非限制性定语从句。非限【解析】本题考查的重点是非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时，应用制性定语从句的先行词指物时，应用which而不用而不用that，the Science Museum 虽然是一个地点名词虽然是一个地点名词，但是在本句中的定语从句里做的是宾语而不是地，但是在本句中的定语从句里做的是宾语而不是地点状语所以不能用点状语所以不能用where,尤其注意尤其注意visit是一个及物是一个及物动词。动词。返回目录高考链接高考链接(09山东卷山东卷)24. Whenever I met her, _ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that 【答案】【答案】B【解析】句意：每次我遇见她（我遇见她是经常【解析】句