2004年中国人民大学考博英语真题

1、2004年中国人民大学考博英语真题    客观题部分请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！II. Vocabulary (10 points)PartA (5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices           marked iL B, C arm 1). Choose the:one thatbest com

2、pletes the           sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across           the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example:    She prefers foreign wine to that

3、 produced_    A. previously B. vLrtually        C. primarily   D. domestically    The sentence should read,; "She prefers foreign wine to that produce    domesticany." Therefore, y

4、ou should choose D.                                               

5、;                     Sample Answer                          

6、0;                                         A B C D 1.  International sport should cre

7、ate goodwill  between the nations, but in the     present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages_        patriotism.    A. obsolete      B. aggressive    C. harm

8、onious  D. amiableZ  One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and     fleeting reactions of their eyes and _ to expressed thoughts.    A. dilemmas     B. countenances  C. concessions 

9、 D. junctions3.  People innately _  for superiority  over their  peers although it     sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.    A. strive         B. ascer

10、tain      C. justify D. adhere4.  Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife             for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set  

11、60;  up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.    A. conservation  B. maintenance   C. storage       D. reserve5.  According to the latest report, consumer confidence_  a bre

12、athtaking     15 points .last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.    A. soared       B. mutated      C. plummeted    D. fluctuated6.  Melissa is a computer_ that destr

13、oyed files in computers and      frustrated thousands of users around the world.     A. genius       B. vires         C. disease       D. bacteria7.&#

14、160; The  emphasis:on examinations is iby far the. worst form of      competition in schools.     A. negligent     B. edible        C. fabulous  D. disproportionate8

15、.  The boy seemed more _ to their poverty, after seeing how his      grandparents lived.     A. reconciled                    B. consolidate

16、d     C. deteriorated                  D. attributed9.  During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never_ a chance to      practice his Chinese. &#

17、160;   A. passed on     B. passed up     C. passed  by     D. passed out10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his _ can be      distributed.     A. parado

18、xes    B. legacies       C. platitudes    D. analoginPart B (5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase             underlined. B

19、elow the sentence are  four choices marked A, B, C, and           D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.           Mark the corresponding letter with a single b

20、ar across the square           bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example:    The secretary is Very competent; she can finish all these letters within one               

21、                                                  

22、                                             . ;.,ca, ODe   bour. 

23、;   A. careful       B. industrious    C. clever        D. capable    In this sentence, "competent" is closest -;n m e:zting to "capable". Therefore &

24、#160;  you should choose D.                                            

25、;                        Sample Answer                       

26、0;                                            A B C DD11. He claims that adverti

27、sing  today tends to portray women in traditional      roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.    A. depict        B. advocate       D; criticize  

28、60; D. analyze12,. They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their     family story  that  no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.    A.confirm     B. achieve    C.

29、match        D exaggerate 13. The most urgent thing is to find a dump. for those toxic_ industrial wastes.    A. imminent    B. recyclable C. smelly     D. poisonousi4. British Prime Minister Tony Bla

30、ir promised the electorate that guns would     nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.    A. allies        B. delegates     C. voters       D. juri

31、es 15. The  analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and     our own retirement security is ,chilling.    A. frightening  B. promising      C. freezing D. revealing16. Their signi

32、ng of the treaty  was regarded as a conspiracy against the British     Crown.    A. secret plan    B. bold attack      C. clever design D. joint effort17. Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thou

33、sand testify to a scrupulous     researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different     beorefical and political positions.    A. trustworthy   B. intelligent      C. diligent 

34、    D. meticulous18. Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women     being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.    A. intriguing   B. exasperating:   C. demonstrative D. unprov

35、oked19. The gang derived their  nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up     faces for .nocturnal raids in the forest.    A. illegal       B. night-time      C, brutal D. abusive20.

36、Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a     more avid fondness for the limelight,    A. mercurial   B, gallant         C. ardent     D. frugalIII. Cloze (10 poi

37、nts)Directions : Read the following  passage. Choose the best word for eachnumbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across thesquare  bracket on Answer Sheet I.     Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea,_

38、  21 _  into a hobby and Iately has  _22 _ into a full- time passion. Thetwo developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph. D candidates_ 23 _  Electrical Engineering  at Stanford University, started theirguide inApril 1994 as a way to keep 24&#

39、160;  of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they  _25  _ that their home,brewed lists  were becoming toolong and _ 26_  Gradually  they began to spend more andmore time on  Yahoo.       Dur

40、ing 1994, they _ 27_  yahoo into a customized database designed  to_28_ the needs of the thousands of users_29_  began to use the  service through the closely _ 30_ Intemet community. They developed  customized software to help them_ 31 _ locate, ide

41、ntify and edit material  _32_  on the Intemet.  The name Yahoo is _  33_  to stand  for "Yet   Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle". but Filo and Yang insist they selectedthe _34 _   because they considered t

42、hemselves yahoos. Yahoo? itself first_ 35 _   on Yang's workstation, "akebono", while the search engine  was_  36 _  on Filo's computer, "Konishiki".      In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Ne

43、tscape Communicationin Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files_ 37_  to larger computers _38_ at Netscape. As a result Stanford'scomputer network returned to _  39_ , and both parties benefiasc. Today,Yahoo_  40  _ organized in

44、formation on tens of thousands of computerslinked to the web.1. A. became        B. grew         C. mm          D. intend2.  A. made    

45、0;     B. saw           C. looked        D. turned3.  A. in             B. on      &#

46、160;     C. about          D. fer4.  A. touch          ?. contact        C. n-ack       &#

47、160;  D. record 5.  A. founded        E. found         C. argued        D. reported6.  A. unwieldy       B. tough &

48、#160;        C. tamable        D  invaluable   7.  A. exchanged      B. shank         C. sold    

49、60;      D. converted8.  A. explain        B. serve          C. discover       D. evaluate9. A. which       &#

50、160; B. that          C. actually       D. eagerly10. A. relative        B. interactive   C.bound         D. contacted11. A. fluen

51、tly        B. efficiently   C.exactly       D. actually 12. A. transmitted     B. purchased    C. sold         D.13. A. about  

52、60;      B. bound        C. going         D. supposedI4. A. fable          B. model         C. name 

53、         D. brand15. A. supported      B. resided        C. lived          D. launched16. A. connected     B. lodge

54、d        C. introduced     D. linked17. A. over           B, away          C. inside         D. bene

55、ath18. A. housed         B. caught        C. hosed         D. bidden19. A. average        B. normal       

56、; C. ordinary      D. equal20. A. attains        B.detains        C. maintains     D. containsIV. Reading Comprehension (20 points)Directions: Read the following pas

57、sages, decideon the best one of the choicesmarked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then markthe corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on theANSWER SHEET.Passage 1      Guthrie's contiguity principle offers pract

58、ical suggestions for how to breakbabies.      One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young childrenspend on academic activities. Young children have short attention spans, so thelength of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited. Most acti

59、vitiesare scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes. However, at the start ofthe school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often result. To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limitactivities to 15 to 20 minutes. Over the next few wee

60、ks the teacher could gredually  increase the time students spend working  on a single activity.      The  threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting. When children first learn to form letters, their movements

61、awkward and they lack free motor coordination. The distances between lines ona page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space. If paperwith narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over theborders and students might become frustrated. Once stude

62、nts can form letters within the  larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help themrefine  their skills.       The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students who build paper airplanes and sail them across th

63、e room. The teacher canremove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, andtell them to start making paper airplanes. After the students have made several airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue fornot building airplanes.   

64、;   Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter theirphysical education class. To employ the fatigue method, theteacher mightdecide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class hasbegun.      The incompati

65、ble response method can be used with students who talk and misbehave in  the media center. Reading is incompatible with talking. Themedia center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and readthem while in the center. Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyabl

66、e,the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading booksrather than for talking with other students.     In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep. The teacherrealized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very

67、 boring. Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson,such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs studentsand raise their interest in the course.41. The purpose of this passage is to_  A. inform       &#

68、160; B. persuade         C. debate        D. narrate42. Guthrie identified three methods for_  A. educating students             B. altering bad habit

69、s  C. avoiding undesired action         D. forming good hobbies43. Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method?  A. Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the    

70、;   child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.  B. Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young       children and gradually increase session length but not to where students    &#

71、160;  become frustrated or bored.  C. Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow  lines is       introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.  D. A child might be made to throw toys unti

72、l it is no longer fan by his       parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44. To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands     busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so fort

73、h. Over     time. watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than     snac 'king. What method is used in this example?  A. The threshold method.              &

74、#160;    B. The fatigue method.  C. The incompatible response method.        D. The punishment method.45. We can draw the conclusion from the passage that  A. The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwante

75、d       response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes       exhausted  B. The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a       response incompatible with th

76、e undesired response so they can not be       performed simultaneously   C. The fatigue method  means that engaging in the behavior is transformde      into avoiding  it by introducing the stimulus at full stre

77、ngth so it becomes       a cue for not performing it  D. The fatigue  method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child      make response incompatible with unwanted  responsePassage 2   

78、;  The increase in global trade means that international companies cannotafford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.     Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreigncountries is one of the keys to successful international

79、 marketing. Too manycompanies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassingwralts  .    Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in internationaladvertising.     General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly less

80、on when itintroduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market. "Nova" is Latin fornew (star)" and means "star" in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it cansound like "no va", meaning "it doesn't go". Few people wanted to buy a carwith that curs

81、ed meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, salespicked up" dramatically.    Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.3ne American food company's friendly "Jolly Green Giant" (for advertising,egetables) became something quite di

82、fferent when it was translated intoArabic as "Intimidating Green Ogre".    When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, "Come Alive withPepsi" came out implying "Come Alive from the Grave". No wonder customersin  Germany didn'

83、;t rush out to buy Pepsi.    Successful  international  marketing  doesn't  stop  with  goodranslafions-,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ffaarketers are to avoid blunders.   

84、; When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes,geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail tocapture their target market.     For example, an American  designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto 

85、60;   the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest. The mail    reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in    many South American countries.      Having awakened t

86、o the special nature of foreign advertising, companiesare becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitiveto cultural distinctions.                        

87、                                       The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators whou

88、nderstand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique called "back translation" to reduce the possibility of blunders.      The process uses one person to translate a message into the targetlanguage and another to translate it back. Effe

89、ctive translators aim to capturethe, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplicationof the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causesmisunderstandings.     In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to  be s

90、hotand  simple.     They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46. The best title of this passage might be _ .   A. Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag  B. Avoid Cultural Misund