与高三学生谈谈英语

1、与高三学生谈谈英语与高三学生谈谈英语“有用有用”词汇的复习词汇的复习旧口高中 徐树一、从用法上归纳复习一、从用法上归纳复习“有用有用”词汇，过语法关词汇，过语法关1宾语不同，意义不同的动词宾语不同，意义不同的动词go on doing sth（继续干同一件事） go on to do sth（继续去干另一件事）stop doing sth（停止正在干的事）stop to do sth（停下来去干某事）regret doing sth（后悔干了某事）regret to do（相当于be sorry to do）forget / remember doing sth（忘记/记得已做过的事）forg

2、et / remember to do sth（忘记/或记得要干的事）mean doing（意味着干）mean to do（想干）try doing（尝试做）try to do（设法做） I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there . A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being takenD(2009上海卷)Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A.

3、 having held B. to hold C. Holding D. holdC(2007安徽卷) Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice！ A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not takingD2宾语和宾补形式不同的动词宾语和宾补形式不同的动词某些动词如某些动词如forbid, advise, allow, permit, admit, consider等，其后可直接用动名词作宾语，但后等，其后可直接用动名词作宾语，但后面接宾

4、补时，则要用不定式作宾补，试比较：面接宾补时，则要用不定式作宾补，试比较：We forbid smoking here. （动名词作宾语）（动名词作宾语）We forbid you to smoke here. （不定式作宾补）（不定式作宾补）You are forbidden to smoke here. （不定式作主补）（不定式作主补）(2009全国II) They use computers to keep the traffic _ smoothly. A. being run B. run C. to run D. running（2010上海）Lucy has a great se

5、nse of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories. A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused（2010上海）Listen! Do you hear someone for help?A. calling B. call C. to call D. called DAA3宾语不同，语态不同的动词宾语不同，语态不同的动词有少数的几个动词如need, require, want, deserve（值得）等，其后可接不定式（但要用被动式）作宾语，也可接动名词（用主动形式表示

6、被动意义）作宾语，可与worth, worthy一并记忆。例如：The room requires to be cleaned / cleaning.This sentence needs .A.an improvement B. improve B. C. improving D. improvedC4后面接不定式作宾语的动词和词组后面接不定式作宾语的动词和词组后面接不定式作宾语的动词和词组有：decide, expect, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, offer等。例如：(2009上海卷)David threatened _ h

7、is neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.A.to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reportedC5后面接动名词作宾语的动词和词组后面接动名词作宾语的动词和词组有：mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, escape, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay, finish, feel like, look forward to, cant help, keep (on), miss, be used to, ex

8、cuse, be worth, imagine, put off, give up等。例如：I would appreciate back this afternoon.A.you to call B. you call C. you calling D. you a callingThe squirrel was lucky that it just missed .A.catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch CC6半系动词半系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：表示感官的系动词：look, sound,

9、taste, smell, feel（这些词后只能用形容词作表语），seem, appear表示变化的系动词：become, get turn, grow, make, come, go, fall, run表示依旧的系动词：remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, rest, lie, hold可用名词作表语的系动词：be, become, make, fall, prove, remain, turn（该词后的单数名词前不可用冠词，如：He turned teacher.）（2010福建） In April, thousands of holidaymake

10、rs remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.A.sticking B. stuckC. to be stuck D. to have stuckThese oranges taste .A.good B. well C. to be good D. to be wellWe dont care if a hunting dog smells , but we really dont want him to smell .A.well, well B. bad, bad C. well, badly D. badly, badBAD7含“被动

11、”意义的动词有些动词，如sell, open, close, wash, teach, burn, measure, cut, lock, cost, read, write, tear, wear, pull, clean, add, cook, let（出租）等的主语是事物，且又是和表示主语的固有特征、状态或行为方式状语连用时，要用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：（1）My pen writes smoothly. 我的笔好写。（2）Oil burns easily. 油易燃烧。 （88高考）That suit over 60 dollars. A.had costed B. costed C

12、. is cost D. cost（97高考）“Is this raincoat yours?” “No, mine there behind the door.”A.is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung DA8具有两种形式的易混动词具有两种形式的易混动词中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种健忘和中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种健忘和两种过去时形式，在使用或考测时极易弄混。例如：两种过去时形式，在使用或考测时极易弄混。例如：findingfoundfoundfindfoundingfoundedfoundedfound)()(发现建立woundingw

13、oundedwoundedwouldwindingwoundwoundwind)()(使受伤环绕sawingsawedsawedsawseeingseensawsee)()(锯看见)()(挂起绞死hunghunghanghangedhangedhang),(),(作定语燃烧着作谓语点燃lightedlightedlightlitlitlight),()(作定语喝醉了的喝drunkendrankdrinkdrunkdrankdrink),(sin)(sin作定语下沉的下沉sunkensankksunksankk),()(出生结果忍受出生borneborebearbornborebearlying

14、lainlaylielyingliedliedlielayinglaidlaidlay),()(),(位于卧躺撒谎置放二、从搭配上复习、归纳二、从搭配上复习、归纳“有用有用”词汇，过词汇，过习习 语关语关1搭配活跃的名词常用的搭配较活跃的名词有：time, way, moment, means等。如与time搭配的短语在中学教材中出现了如下几个：in no time立刻，马上 on time按时at no time决不，永不 in time及时，迟早at a time一次 behind the times落伍behind time迟到 at one time曾经for a time一度 aft

15、er a time过了片刻at other times其它时候，平素at times有时at all time时时刻刻，一直（93高考）If you keep on, you will succeed .A. in time B. at one time C. On time D. at the same time（94高考）Dont all speak at once! , please.A. Each at one time B. One by one timeC. One for each time D. One at a timeAD2搭配活跃的动词常用的搭配活跃的动词有：look,

16、take, make, give, get, have, go, do, turn, put, set, come等。这些动词与介词、副词的搭配十分活跃，复习时我们要尽量将具有相反意义的介、副词与同一动词的搭配罗列在一起进行对比记忆，如turn一词的常见搭配有：turn on（打开） turn up（放大音量等，出现）turn off（关上） turn down（放小音量等，拒绝）turn in（上交）turn against（反对）turn out（生产，结果是） turn away（避开）（81高考）Would you mind your radio a little?A.turn off

17、 B. turning off C. to turn down D. turning down（93高考）Readers can quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.A.get over B. get in C. get along D. get throughDC3搭配活跃的介、副词常用的搭配活跃的介、副词有：in, out, up, down, on, off, to, from, for, over, with等。在复习时，我们要将不同动词（或其它词）与同一介、副词搭配的词组逐一列出，下面以on为例：（1）与

18、动词的搭配take on（雇用） get on（上车 / 船等）live on（以为生） feed on（以为生）turn on（打开开关 / 电器等） look on（旁观）spy on（侦察，窥探） call on（号召，拜访）go on（继续） have on（穿戴）depend on（依靠） come on（加油）wait on（侍候） operate on（动手术 carry on（执行）hold on（坚持）insist on（坚持）play tricks on（戏弄）fix on（注视）impress on（留下印象）（2）与名词的搭配（注意冠词的使用）on duty（值班） o

19、n business（出差）on fire（燃烧） on show（展览）on time（准时） on strike（罢工）on watch（监视，观察）on earth（到底，究竟）on sale（出售） on journey（旅游）on foot（步行） on purpose（故意）on the way（在路上）on the contrary（相反）on the right（在右边）on a visit to（参观，拜访）on the whole（总而言之） on the one hand（一方面）on the other hand（另一方面）（3）其它搭配情况：later on（后来）

20、on and on（不停地）on ones own（独自） on account of（由于，因为）on ones side（支持，站在某一方）on holiday / leave（度假，请假）from now / then on（从现在 / 那时起）（91高考）A new school was in the village last year.A.help up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up（93高考）We offered him our congratulations his passing the college entrance exams.A.

21、at B. on C. for D. of BB三、从同义词（组）复习归纳三、从同义词（组）复习归纳“有用有用”词汇，过辩析关词汇，过辩析关1分清动作动词和结果动词2英语中有些动词（词组）虽然意义相同，但用法不同，有的表示某个动作，而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果，常见的这类动词有：look for（寻找） find（找到）look（看） see（看见）listen（听） hear（听到）receive（收到）accept（接收）try（尝试不说明是否成功）manage（设法侧重做到）advise（劝告不说明是否成功）persuade（劝服侧重劝说成功）2分清词序不同则意思不同的词组分清词序不

22、同则意思不同的词组英语中有少量词组颠倒词序后意思和用法不同，常见的有：before long（不久以后）long before（很久以前）turn in（上交，就寝）in turn（按秩序，排队）hand in（上交） in hand（在手边）from far（来自远方）fan from（差得远，远非）much too（非常修饰形容词或副词）too much（太多修饰名词）if only（要是）only if（只有）all in（精疲力尽）in all（总共）good for（对有好处） for good（永远）3分清有些动词后有无介词时的不同意思分清有些动词后有无介词时的不同意思英语中不少动

23、词后面有介词时意思有变化，同学们在平时复习和练习时要不断地积累归纳，常见的有：search（搜查人、物或场所）search for（搜寻找人、物或场所）leave（离开某地）leave for（动身去某地）reach（到达、拿到）reach for（伸手去拿）prepare（准备）prepare for（为作准备）enter（进入）enter for（报名参加）run（经营，跑）run for（竞选）stand（站，忍受）stand for（代表，赞同）answer（回答）answer for（对负责）know（了解，知道）know about（知道关于）pay（付钱给某人）pay for（付

24、钱买某物）4分清有无 ly时意思用法不同的词一般来说，在形容词后加了ly的词是副词，但这些相应的词大部分不加ly时也可作副词用，因而在使用或考测时同学们混淆不清。复习时可按用法分成三类来记忆：（1）表示具体（无ly）和抽象（有ly）的区别的词wide（宽广） widely（广泛地）deep（深） deeply（深深地）high（高，位置高） highly（高度地）low（低的） lowly（谦卑地）He often works into the night, which moves us .A.deep, deep B. deeply, deeply C. deep, deeply D. de

25、eply, deepC（2）有无）有无ly时意思不大相同的词时意思不大相同的词near（近，附近）nearly（几乎）hard（努力）hardly（几乎不）most（大部分）mostly（主要地）like（像）likely（大概，也许）dear（昂贵地）dearly（深爱的，热切地）close（亲爱的，靠近地） closely（密切地）late（迟到） lately（最近）dead（死了的）deadly（致命的）bad（坏） badly（恶劣地）3）有无ly时意思相同，但位置不同的词这类词在中学阶段只涉及两组rightrightly（正确地），wrongwrongly（错误地），放在过去分词前

26、面时常用有ly的词，放在句末时常用无ly的词如：The question was wrongly / rightly answered, = The question was answered right / wrong.The students are young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty.A.most B. mostly C. almost D. at mostB5 5记住分写与合写时意思不同的词记住分写与合写时意思不同的词这类词在拼法上一致，但合写和分写在用法和意义上却不同，常见的这类词有：sometime（某个时候） s

27、ome time（一段时间）sometimes（有时） some times（几次）faraway（adj.遥远的作定语） far away（遥远地 是副词）everyday（adj.日常的只作定语）every day（每天名词短语）anyway（adv.无论怎样） any way（以任何方式名词短语）anytime（adv. 任何时候）any time（任何时候名词短语）altogether（总共，完全）all together（一道，一起）already （已经）all ready（都已准备好）nearby（附近的形容词）near by（附近副词）maybe（也许副词作状语） may be

28、（也许动词作谓语）everyone（每个人其后不可接of短语）Every one（每个人后面可接of短语）none（没有可指人或物，可回答用how much, how many提的的问题）no one（没有专指人，可回答用who提的问题）（2011年高考浙江卷）since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as elseA.anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere（2011年高考福建卷）We have various summer camps for your

29、 holidays. You can choose based on your own interests .A.either B. each C. one D. it（2011年高考四川卷）There is in his words We should have a try.A.something B. anything C. nothing D. everything CCA6记住差之一记住差之一“a”则意思不同的词则意思不同的词这类词不多，但在练习中极易出错，使用时也常混淆，因而要从用法和意义上加以辨别，如：).(),.().().(可作定语或表语活着的如作定语只修饰物燃着的活的可作定语

30、或表语活泼的作表语活着的adjlivingfireliveaadjliveadjlivelyadjalive),.(),.().&.(可作表语或定语偏僻的孤独的只作定语偏僻的孤独的表语形容词独自adjlonelyadjloneadvadjalone).().&.().(睡着作形容词时常用作表语熟睡的昏昏欲睡的nvsleepadvadjasleepadjsleepy).(),.&.(叫醒作形容时常用作表语叫醒醒着vwakevadjawake),.&.(),.().(大概可能一样像喜欢表语形容词相像的advadjlikelyprepvlikeadjalike),.(

31、),.(),.(上升上涨起来出现发生产生提高举起viriseviarisevtraise),.&.(),.(),.&.(越过穿过横过穿过越过穿过advprepthroughvcrossadvprepacross).().(不及物动词等候直接接宾语等候viwaitvtawait等词连用常与地响亮大声的无比较形式等连用与出声地意味喧闹但含通用可与高声地laugnshoutspeaktalkadjadvloudcrycallthinkreadadvaloudloudadvloudly,)(,.&.(),.(),.(Its difficult for a man awake t

32、o fall asleep again.= Its difficult for a man who is awake to fall asleep again.He didnt fall till midnight last night, so he is now feeling .A.asleep, asleep B. sleep, sleepy C. asleep, sleepy D. sleepy, asleep注意：有a的形容词常作表语，不能用来作前置定语，作定语时则要后置，相当一个定语从句，例如：C四、从对比、联想中复习归纳“有用”词汇， 过拼写关1按词汇组合特点，辩形、辩音、辩义归类记忆1）词尾联想： end, tend, mend, extend, defend, attend, pretend, depend, spend, lend, bend, send等动词均以end结尾， （2）辨形辨音：medal, model, modal, metal, mental, sigh, design, single, sign, match, patch, watch, hatch, snatch, scratch, co