读书报告3_黑麦草对不同施肥历史的土壤中新鲜与残余的磷的吸收ppt课件

1、Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization histories黑麦草从不同施肥历史的土壤中吸收新颖和剩余的磷2019210198陈巧Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization histories 摘要摘要 关键词关键词 引言引言 资料和方法资料和方法 结果结果 讨论讨论 结论结论 参考文献参考文献Plant Soil (2019)

2、334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6一、摘要 动物粪便作为磷源、全球动物粪便循环利用在有机农业上变得越来越重要。 经过盆栽实验，运用放射性磷标志技术研讨了黑麦草在供应动物粪便或可溶性矿物肥料的土壤上对磷吸收运用。 Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6一、摘要 在不同磷素情况和微生物活动的土

3、壤上。标志土在不同磷素情况和微生物活动的土壤上。标志土壤速效磷可以评价不同施肥历史残留在土壤上的壤速效磷可以评价不同施肥历史残留在土壤上的磷含量。磷含量。 每个土样，收获四次黑麦草后新颖磷的回收低于每个土样，收获四次黑麦草后新颖磷的回收低于矿物矿物P P的回收，其中，粪便磷介于的回收，其中，粪便磷介于24%-35%24%-35%和矿物和矿物磷介于磷介于37%-43%37%-43%之间。之间。 Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlan

4、t Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6一、摘要 新颖粪肥中磷的回收受土壤有效磷含新颖粪肥中磷的回收受土壤有效磷含量的影响。量的影响。 对于评价植物吸收的粪便磷，间接同对于评价植物吸收的粪便磷，间接同位素稀释技术是有用的，但必需思索位素稀释技术是有用的，但必需思索到磷的相互作用，例如，有机物对磷到磷的相互作用，例如，有机物对磷的吸收的影响。的吸收的影响。Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization hi

5、storiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6二、关键词Phosphorus Animal manure Residualphosphorus Isotope techniques Phosphorus uptake Organic and conventional farming Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:

6、391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6磷、磷、动物粪便、动物粪便、剩余的磷、剩余的磷、同位素技术、同位素技术、磷的吸收、磷的吸收、有机农业与常规有机农业与常规农业农业三、引言 利用磷的同位素示踪技术，研讨了长期施用利用磷的同位素示踪技术，研讨了长期施用有机肥与常规种植对黑麦草吸收新颖施用的有机肥与常规种植对黑麦草吸收新颖施用的动物粪便、水溶性无机磷肥及残留磷的影响。动物粪便、水溶性无机磷肥及残留磷的影响。 假设假设i i：黑麦草在土壤上从有机质中吸收新：黑麦草在土壤上从有机质中吸收新颖施用的粪便中的磷比传统种植系统中更高颖施用的粪便中的磷比传统种植系统中更高 假设

7、假设iiii：降低吸收新颖施用的粪肥磷而不是：降低吸收新颖施用的粪肥磷而不是用矿物磷来补偿在施粪肥的土壤上吸收的残用矿物磷来补偿在施粪肥的土壤上吸收的残留磷。留磷。Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6三、引言 对生长的意大利黑麦草在不同种植制度的土对生长的意大利黑麦草在不同种植制度的土壤上进展田间实验。壤上进展田间实验。 比较了

8、收获四次的黑麦草从动物粪便中及从比较了收获四次的黑麦草从动物粪便中及从矿物肥料中吸收磷。矿物肥料中吸收磷。 确定了黑麦草吸收的残留磷及在不同施肥历确定了黑麦草吸收的残留磷及在不同施肥历史的土壤上的生长实验。史的土壤上的生长实验。Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6四、四、Material and methods 资料与方法资料与

9、方法 Cropping systems and soils Plant growth experiment and plant analyses Soil incubation experiment and soil analyses Calculation of P uptake by ryegrass from different sources Uptake of P from fresh fertilizer Uptake of residual P P derived from the seeds and from the soil Statistical analysisFresh

10、 and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.1 Cropping systems and soils 种植系统和土壤种植系统和土壤 土壤样品取自于尔韦尔附近的巴塞尔瑞士长期土壤样品取自于尔韦尔附近的巴塞尔瑞士长期定位实验场，是一个典型肥沃的淤泥土壤农业部定位实验场，是一个典型肥沃的淤泥土壤农业部20192019 表土层包含表土层包含12%12

11、%沙，淤泥沙，淤泥72%72%，粘土，粘土16%(Leifeld et 16%(Leifeld et al. 2021).al. 2021). 做个五处置，四个反复：做个五处置，四个反复： 处置一：处置一：bio-dynamic(BIODYN) bio-dynamic(BIODYN) 处置二：处置二：bio-organic (BIOORG)bio-organic (BIOORG) 处置三：处置三：conventional with manureconventional with manureCONFYMCONFYM 处置四：处置四：conventional exclusively minera

12、l conventional exclusively mineral CONMINCONMIN 处置五：处置五：non-fertilized control non-fertilized control NOFERTNOFERT 采用七年制轮作采用七年制轮作split-split-plotsplit-split-plot拉丁方设计。拉丁方设计。Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DO

13、I10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.2 Plant growth experiment and plant analyses 植物生长实验和植株分析植物生长实验和植株分析 土壤设的四个反复做一样处置，土壤设的四个反复做一样处置，44%的持水才干的持水才干235g水水kg1土壤干物土壤干物质，质，20、80-85%大气湿度。大气湿度。 土壤设三个处置，在每个土样上随机土壤设三个处置，在每个土样上随机施用。施用。 处置一：不施用磷肥空白处置一：不施用磷肥空白 处置二：动物粪便中磷牛粪处置二：动物粪便中磷牛粪 处置三：水溶性无机磷磷酸氢二铵处置三：水溶性无机磷磷酸氢二铵Fresh

14、 and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.2 Plant growth experiment and plant analyses 植物生长实验和植株分析植物生长实验和植株分析 黑麦草修剪时间为：播种后黑麦草修剪时间为：播种后1717天，天，3131天，天，4545天和天和5959天，收获距地面天，收获距地面2 2厘米以上。厘米以上。 在第

15、一，二和第三次收获后，氮、钾、钙、镁施在第一，二和第三次收获后，氮、钾、钙、镁施用率为用率为: :mg/kgmg/kg110110、9090、2020、5 5。 每次收割后，称量干物质产量，用每次收割后，称量干物质产量，用SASA分析植物的分析植物的矿质营养。矿质营养。 400400毫毫mgmg的切碎在的切碎在550550灰化灰化4h4h，灰化物溶解在，灰化物溶解在2ml2ml的的20%20%盐酸。加热，过滤和稀释至盐酸。加热，过滤和稀释至50ml50ml。全磷测定。全磷测定方法，总氮含量分析运用卡劳尔巴闪光熄灭碳氮方法，总氮含量分析运用卡劳尔巴闪光熄灭碳氮分析法。分析法。Fresh and

16、residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.3 Soil incubation experiment and soil analyses 土培实验和土壤分析土培实验和土壤分析 分析土壤中磷、PH、水溶性磷情况： 水土比为10 : 1悬浮动摇16小时fardeau1993。 微生物磷测定运用熏蒸提取法(Oehl et al. 2019)。 全磷，无机和有

17、机土壤中磷含量确实定用点火方法(Saunders and Williams 1955)。有机磷和无机磷用0.5mol/L的硫酸从非点燃样品中萃取。Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.4 Calculation of P uptake by ryegrass from different sources 计算黑麦草吸收的不同来

18、源的磷计算黑麦草吸收的不同来源的磷黑麦草的磷来源：i) 植物生长实验初期供应的新颖磷肥 (矿物磷或粪便磷) ；ii) 剩余磷 (不同施肥土壤上未耗竭的有效磷和施肥土壤上剩余的磷)iii) 土壤样品原来含有的磷.Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.5 Uptake of P from fresh fertilizer 重新颖肥

19、料中吸收重新颖肥料中吸收磷磷 Pdff%=100 (SAplmineralP33)/(SAmineralP33 )With:SAplmineralP33: SA of P in plants grown with freshly applied 33P labeled diammonium phosphate (kBq mg1 P)SAmineralP33 SA of applied fresh diammonium phosphate (kBq mg1 P)Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with dif

20、ferent fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.5 Uptake of P from fresh fertilizer 重新颖肥料中吸收重新颖肥料中吸收磷磷 The amount of fresh fertilizer taken up by the plants (Pdff, mg kg1 soil) is: Pdff =Pdff% Pupt/100 (2) With:Pupt P taken up by the plants (mg kg1 soil) The fr

21、action (%) of P in the plant: Pdff% =100(1-SApl+PSA plzeroP) (3) WithSApl+P SA in plants grown with fresh fertilizer (kBq mg1 P)SAplzeroP SA in plants grown on the same soil without fresh fertilizer (kBq mg1 P)Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization h

22、istoriesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.5 Uptake of P from fresh fertilizer 重新颖肥料中吸收重新颖肥料中吸收磷磷 The recovery of fresh fertilizer P in plants (RecPff%, in %) is: RecPff% =100PdffF (4) With: F amount of freshly applied P fertilizer (30 mg P kg1 soil for mineral P33, mineral P a

23、nd manure P, respectively).Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.6 Uptake of residual P 剩余磷的吸收剩余磷的吸收 labeling soil available P with carrier-free 33P-orthophosphate Pdrf% =100(1-SAplFE

24、RTzeroPSAplNOFERTzeroP (5) With Pdrf% fraction (%) of P in plant derived from residual P SAplFERTzeroP SA in plants grown in FERT soils containing residual P but no fresh P fertilizer (kBq mg1 P) SAplNOFERTzeroP SA in plants grown on NOFERT soil containing no residual P and no fresh P fertilizer (kB

25、q mg1 P)Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.6 Uptake of residual P 剩余磷的吸收剩余磷的吸收Pdrf% =100(1-SAplFERTfPSAplNOFERTfP ) (6)With:SAplFERTfP SA in plants grown in FERT soilscontaining re

26、sidual P and fresh P fertilizer (kBq mg1 P)SAplNOFERTfP SA in plants grown on NOFERT soil containing no residual P but fresh fertilizer (kBq mg1 P)Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6

27、4.6 Uptake of residual P 剩余磷的吸收剩余磷的吸收 The amount of residual P (Pdrf, mg kg1 soil) taken up by the plants is: Pdrf =Pdrf%Pupt100 (7) The recovery of residual P (RecPrf%) in plants is: RecPrf% =100Pdrf(PtotFERTPtotNOFERTT) (8) With: PtotFERT total P content in soil FERT (mg P kg1 soil) PtotNOFERT tot

28、al P content in soil NOFERT(mg Pkg1 soil).Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.7 P derived from the seeds and from the soil 磷来源于种子和土壤磷来源于种子和土壤 Phosphorus derived from the soil (Pdfs)

29、 can be calculated by: Pdfs(mg kg-1 soil )=Pupt -Pdff Pdrf- Pdfseed (9)Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-64.8 Statistical analysis 统计分析统计分析 Statistical analyses were carried out usin

30、g the GLM procedure of the statistical analysis package SYSTAT 11 (Systat Software Inc., USA). Two-way analyses of variance were run to test the significance of the effects of soils, fertilizer treatments and their interactions. Percentage data was transformed using arcsin-transformation before anal

31、ysis of variance.Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6五、结果 P status of non-amended and amended soils 修订和修正的土壤磷情况 Dry matter production and P uptake by ryegrass 干物质的消费和黑麦草吸收的磷 P uptake

32、from fresh fertilizers and residual P 重新颖的肥料和残留磷中吸收磷Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、讨论 Relation between ryegrass productivity, total P uptake and N nutrition Uptake of freshly a

33、pplied P fertilizers Uptake of residual P Methodological considerations Indirect method to determine uptake from residual PFresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、讨论Fresh and residual p

34、hosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、讨论Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Table 2 Se

35、lected characteristics and P status of the soils (average and standard error)六、讨论Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、讨论Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils wi

36、th different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Fig. 1 a, b Soil P status of amended soils: water extractable P and microbial P extractable in water after chloroform fumigation (average and standard error). 六、讨论Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegra

37、ss from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Fig. 1 a, b Soil P status of amended soils: water extractable P and microbial P extractable in water after chloroform fumigation (average and standard error). 六、讨论Fresh and residual phosphorus

38、uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Fig. 2 Total shoot dry matter production for four harvests of Italian ryegrass growing on soils from different cropping systemssubjected to various fresh P fertilizer treatments

39、 (average and standard error). 六、讨论Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Fig. 3 Distribution of total P taken up by four harvests of Italian ryegrass among P derived from soil, from res

40、idual P and from fresh fertilizer as affected by soils originating from different cropping systems and by fresh P fertilizer treatment (0P: zero P; manP = manure P; minP = water soluble mineral P; minP33 = 33P labeled water soluble mineral P; average and standard error). 六、讨论Fresh and residual phosp

41、horus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6Fig. 4 Cumulative shoot dry matter yield, total P uptake, P uptake from fresh fertilizer (manure or mineral P) and P uptake from residual P over the entire growth experime

42、nt, for the zero P (filled dot), manure P (empty dot) and mineral P (filled triangle) treatment applied to the BIODYN (left) and CONFYM soils (right)六、讨论Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-

43、0390-6六、讨论Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、讨论Fresh and residual phosphorus uptake by ryegrass from soils with different fertilization historiesPlant Soil (2019)334:391407DOI10.1007/s11104-010-0390-6六、讨论Fresh and residual