禽流感英文介绍

1、Avian influenzaknowninformallyasavian fluorbird flurefersto“influenzacausedbyvirusesadaptedtobirds.Theversionwiththegreatestconcernishighly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI).“Birdflu”isaphrasesimilarto“swineflu,”“dogflu,”“horseflu,”or“humanflu”inthatitreferstoanillnesscausedbyanyofmanydifferentstrain

2、sofinfluenzavirusesthathaveadaptedtoaspecifichost.Allknownvirusesthatcauseinfluenzainbirdsbelongtothespeciesinfluenza A virus.Allsubtypes(butnotallstrainsofallsubtypes)ofinfluenzaAvirusareadaptedtobirds,whichiswhyformanypurposesavianfluvirusistheinfluenzaAvirus.(Note,however,thattheAdoesnotstandfora

3、vian). HAHA：Hemagglutinin 红细胞凝集素红细胞凝集素NANA：NeuraminidaseNeuraminidase 神经氨酸酶神经氨酸酶M2M2：离子通道蛋白：离子通道蛋白 NPNP：核蛋白：核蛋白 HAreferstoasubstancethatcausesredbloodcellstoagglutinate（凝集）.NAcatalyzethehydrolysis（水解）ofterminalsialicacid（唾液酸）residuesfromthenewlyformedvirionsandfromthehostcellreceptors.5 At present 1

4、6 HA subtypes have been recognised（H1-H16）and nine NA subtypes（N1-N9）。Each virus has one HA and one NA antigen，apparently in any combination。all influenza A subtypes in the majority of possible combinations have been isolated from avian species。to date only viruses of H5 and H7 subtype have been sho

5、wn to cause HPAI in susceptible，but not all H5 and H7 viruses are virulent。 7If you suspect you may have come into contact with the influenza A virus, look for the following:FevercoughMuscle achesSore Throat（咽喉痛）Eye infectionsPneumonia（肺炎）Severe respiratory diseases（严重的呼吸道疾病）How to Prevent Getting t

6、he Avian Flu1。Avoidplacesthatbirdsfrequent.Birdbaths,birdfeeders,roofsandtreesarecommonplaceswherebirdsleavedroppingsorsaliva.Youmayinadvertentlyinfectyourselfwithavianflubytouchingtheseobjectsandthentouchingyourmouth.Avoiddirectcontactwithwildbirds,asthereisnowaytotellifthesebirdsareinfectedwithavi

7、anflu.82Washyourhandsfrequentlyandthoroughly.Washyourhandsinhotwaterwithsoapforatleast30seconds.Payspecialattentiontotheareaunderyourfingernails,anddontneglectyourforearms.Thismethodofhandwashinggetsthevirusoffyourskin.3Wearasurgicalmaskifyouaregoingtothehospitaloranotherplacewheretherehavebeenconfi

8、rmedavianfludiagnoses.Thispreventsyoufrominhalingthevirusintheair.94Ifyouplantotravel,checkforavianfluoutbreaksinyourdestinationbeforeyougo.TheWorldAnimalHealthInterfaceDatabasetracksavianfluoutbreaksgloballyandmaintainsanaccuratemap.TheWAHIDmapalsoshowsifanoutbreakisongoingorresolvedandifitoccurredinthewildordomestically.5Avoidantibioticsoaps.Theyd