垃圾分类攻坚战

1、7月1日，上海市正式开始实行上海市生活垃圾管理条例，上海居民迎来了史上最严垃圾分类措施。根据条例，人们要将垃圾按照干垃圾、湿垃圾、可回收垃圾和有害垃圾的标准进行分类投放，同时对没有将生活垃圾分类投放的个人可处以50至200元的罚款。在进行了20多年倡导工作后，上海市终于率先将垃圾分类纳入了法治框架。阅读短文并回答问题 “What kind of rubbish are you?” This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it has brought about weary groans over the pa

2、st week. On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate categories and toss it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to

3、ensure compliance（服从）and to inquire into the nature of ones rubbish.Violators face the prospect of fines and worse. They could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain ban

4、k loans or even buy train tickets.Shanghai authorities are responding to an obvious environmental problem. It generates 9 million tonnes of garbage a year, more than Londons annual output and rising quickly. But like other cities in China, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on trash

5、 pickers to sift through the waste, plucking out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China churns out 80 billion pairs of disposable chopsticks a year.Many residents appear to support

6、the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous（有害的）, the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding f

7、ood waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss it by hand. Most vexing（令人烦恼的）are the short windows for dumping trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at

8、around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.（节选自The Economist）1. Whats the purpose of the first paragraph?A. To introduce the trash-sorting regulations.B. To explain the four categories of the waste.C. To present residents complaints about trash div

9、iding.D. To show the goal of trash-sorting regulations.2. What does the underlined word “Violators” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. People who dont sort the waste.B. People who argue with the monitors.C. People who dont throw the trash on time.D. People who are against the regulations.3. What is the main

10、 direct environmental problem in Shanghai?A. The massive traffic.B. The increasing garbage.C. Lack of a recycling system.D. Lack of trash pickers.4. What makes the residents upset most about the rules?A. Complex distinction among the four categories of trash.B. Short scheduled time for tossing the t

11、rash.C. Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage.D. Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior.5. What can be the best title for the text?A. A Restart of Trash-sortingB. A Great Change in Tackling LitterC. A New Era of Garbage ClassificationD. A Craze for Learning Waste Sorting参考答案

12、1-5 ADBBC生词1. sift through  筛选2. pluck out 拔，摘3. pile up 堆积，积累4. churn out 大量生产，粗制滥造5. disposable  adj. 用后即丢弃的，一次性的长难句分析1. For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain bank loans or even b

13、uy train tickets.主干：The city can add black marks to their credit records.译文：对于屡次违规者，他们的信用记录将被加上污点。他们将很难申请银行贷款，甚至难以购买火车票。2. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous, the distinctions among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out.主

14、干：Rubbish must be divided.译文：垃圾必须按照厨余垃圾、可回收垃圾、干垃圾、有害垃圾来分类，有些种类的区分可能会让人感到困惑，尽管有一些APP可以帮助我们解决这个问题。3. Most vexing（令人烦恼的）are the short windows for dumping trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and c

15、an keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.主干：Most vexing are the windows for dumping trash. This means that.译文：最让人烦恼的是短暂的垃圾投放时间段，通常只有早上和晚上的几个小时。随着垃圾监督员出现在垃圾桶旁边，这意味着人们几乎是在同一时间丢垃圾，并且扔掉的垃圾将被密切关注；没有人想让自己难堪。知识拓展1. Waste classification: 垃圾分类Residual Waste: 干垃圾是指除有害垃圾、可

16、回收物、湿垃圾以外的其他生活废弃物。Household Food Waste: 湿垃圾（厨余垃圾）是指易腐的生物质废弃物。主要包括剩菜剩饭、瓜皮果核、花卉绿植、肉类碎骨、过期食品、餐厨垃圾等。Recyclable Waste: 可回收废物是指适宜回收和可循环再利用的废弃物。主要包括废玻璃、废金属、废塑料、废纸张、废织物等。Hazardous Waste: 有害垃圾是指对人类健康或者自然环境造成直接或者潜在危害的零星废弃物，单位集中产生的除外。主要包括废电池、废灯管、废药品、废油漆桶等。2. 垃圾分类的好处：（1）减少占地：生活垃圾中有些物质不易降解，使土地受到严重侵蚀。将垃圾进行分类，去掉可以回收的、不易降解的物质，可以减少垃圾数量达60%以上。（2）减少污染：目前我国的垃圾处理多采用卫生填埋甚至简易填埋的方式，占用上万亩土地；并且虫蝇乱飞，污水四溢，臭气熏天，严重污染环境。废弃的电池含有金属汞、镉等有毒的物质，