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1、人教版八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?本单元的话题:谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时。本单元的语法:1.复习一般过去时;2.学习不定代词和不定副 词的用法。2.不定代词和不定副词的用法:(1)左边的 some 、 any、 every 、 no 与右边的 body 、one、 thing 构成不定代词, some、any、every、no 与右边的疑问 副词where构成不定副词;(2) 一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯 定句,以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问 句;以no开头的不定代词
2、和不定副词表示否定含义(no one为两个单词);(3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面。He has something important to do.他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用 something , 形容词 important 放后)Did you buy anything special?(一般疑问句用 anything ,形容词special放后)Did you go anywhere interesting last month? 上个月你去 令人感兴趣的地方了吗?(一般疑问句用不定副词 anywhere,形容词interesting放后)(4)不定代词和不定
3、副词做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式。Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。本单元的短语和知识点:1. go on vacation 去度假 go to the mountains上山 /进山2.stay at home 呆在家 go to the beach 去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营 3. study for tests为考试而学习 备考 go out出去4. quite a few 相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)take photos 照相 most of the time 大部分时间 5.bu
4、y sth for sb = buy sb sth 为某人买某物6. taste good.尝起来很好taste (尝起来)、look (看起来)、sound (听起来)为感 官动词,后跟形容词7.have a goodgreatfun time 过得高兴,玩得愉快 ( =enjoy oneself ) 8. go shopping 去购物 9. nothing but+动词 原形:除了之外什么都没有He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday. 昨天他 在家除了读书无事可做。10 . seem to do sth: 好像 I seem to
5、know him. 我好像认识 他。seem+ (to be ) + 形容词: 看起来 The work seems (to be ) easy.这工作看起来很容易。11 .keep a diary 记 日 记12 . arrivein+大地方:达到某地(get to +地方:达到某地)arrive at+小地方:达到某地(get的过去式为got)若是 arrive 和 get 后跟 home、there、here 三个地点副词, 后面的介词inatto必须去掉。Tom got home yesterday evening=Tom arrived homeyesterday evening.昨
6、晚汤姆至 U家。13 .decide to do sth: 决定做某事 14. try doing sth. 尝试做 某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事15. feel like 给的感觉;感受至U16. in the past 在过去 walk around 四处走走enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事difference(名词,差异,差别)一different(形容词,不同的)16. start doing sth :开始做某事(=start to do sth)17. 19.over an hour 一个多小时(over 超过,多余 =morethan )20. too
7、many 太多,后接可数名词复数。too much 太多,后跟不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。much too太,后跟形容词或副词,分辨三者的口诀:toomuch, much too,用法区别看后头:much 后接不可数,too后修饰形或副。too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。21. because of因为,后接名词、代词或动名词(即动词+ing ),不能接句子。because 因为, 后跟句子。He was late for school because of getting up late. 他因为 起晚而上学迟到。(get为动词)=He was late for school bec
8、ause he got up late.22. enough(足够的)与名词连用,一般放在名词前He hasenough money.23. enough(足够的)与形容词或副词连用,enough放在后面。He is old enough to go to school.24. Forgetdoing sth.忘记已经做过某事(已经做完)Forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)(forget的过去式为forgot)25. so+形容词+that+句子:如此 以至于too+形容词+to do sth :太以至于不能 形容词+enough to do sth :足够 能够做某事(注
9、意三个句 型有时可以互换)He is so young that he can ' t go to school He is too young to go to school.=He isn ' t old enough to go to school.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?本单元的话题:谈论生活习惯,复习一般现在时。本单元的语法:1.复习一般现在时;2.学习表示频率副词的用 法。主要频率副词的等级排序:always(总是) usually (通常)often(经常) sometimes( 有时) hardly ever( 很少)
10、never(从不)这些副词在句子中的位置,一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。即:行”前 助(系)”后。Peter isalways late for school. Peter上学总是迟至 I。I usually do my homework in the evening.我通常在晚上做作业。提问 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词,用 How oftenI watch TV every day.我每天者 B 看电视 How often do youwatch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视?) 本单元的短语和知识点:1.on weeke
11、nds 在周末 go to the movies去看电影helpwith housework帮助做家务how often 多久一次 hardly ever 几乎从不2.once a week 每周一次 twice a week 每周两次 every day每天 use the Internet 用互联网be free 有空 Are you free on weekends?你周末有空吗?4.stay up late 熬夜 at least 至少 go to bed early 早点睡觉play sports 进行体育活动5 .after school 放学后 6.want sth :需要某物
12、He wants a new pen.他想要一支新钢笔。want to do sth: 想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放学后他想去看电视。want sb to do sth:让某人做某事 My mother wants me getup early.妈妈让我早起。7 .be good for 对有好处 be bad for 对有害处8 . play computer games 打电子游戏 go camping 去野 营 9.ask sb about sth :问某人某事My parents oftenask me about my study.
13、 我的父母经常问我的学习情况。10 . in one ' s spare timefe某人业余时间 He studies English in his spare time.11.(P13, 2b) ”数字 +percent of+名词”做主语时,后面的单词取决于名词的情况。若名词为复 数,后面的动词用复数形式;若名词为单数或不可数名词,后面的动词用单数形式。In our class ,twenty of students are boys.Thirty ofwater is dirty.12 .not - at all:一点儿也不 (not 构成否定句)I don ' dik
14、e the movie at all.13 .go online 上网=surf the Internet 14.the answer to+ 名 词:的答案16.the (best) way to do sth:做某事的(最好)方式The best way to learn English is speaking English. 学习 英语的最好方法是说英语.17.such as比如(后跟名词或名词短语)for example 例如 (后跟句子)He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on. 他喜欢 水果,例如苹果、香蕉等。He has
15、some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.19.more than (=over) 超过,多余 go to the dentist 去 看牙医Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.本单元的话题:谈论事物对比,学习形容词比较级。本单元的语法:学习形容词比较级。(语法:见课本第113页至115页)本单元的短语和知识点:1.play+the + 乐器 play the drums 打鼓 比较 play + 球类 play basketball 打篮球b
16、othand两者都(后面的动词用复数形式)Both Tom andJim are students.3 .be good at+名词 代词V ing:擅长,在某方面做得好7 .be like: 像 The books are like friends. 书像朋友。8 .make friends (with sb) :(和某人) 交朋友 enjoy doing sth: 喜欢做某事9 .be different from与不同 My brother is different fromme.我弟弟与我不一样。10 .help sb to (do) sth:帮助某人做某事常与help sb with
17、 sth( 在某方面帮助某人)互换He oftenhelps me(to ) learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。=Heoften helps me with my English.他经常在英语方面帮助我。help (to) do sth: 帮助做某事 He often helps ( to ) cook at home.他经常在家帮助做饭。13.be good with sb:与某人相处很好4.information (n.消息,信息)不可数名词Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?本单元的话题:谈论事物对比,学习形容词和副词的最高级
18、。本单元的语法:学习形容词和副词的最高级。本单元的短语和知识点:1 .welcome to+ 地点:欢迎来至某地Welcome to our school.欢迎来我校。2 .What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth? 你认为. 怎么样?3 .watch sb do sth:看见某人做了某事(=see sb do sth )4 .比较级别+and+比较级:越来越 (若比较级为 more+形容 词原级,则为:more and more 形容词原级)The buildings are taller and taller. Our school is
19、 getting more and more beautiful.5 .around the world 全世界=all over the world, such as 例如Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?本单元的话题:谈论自己对天使节目或电影的喜好,学会表达自己的感受。本单元的语法:复习一般现在时。本单元的短语和知识点:1 . What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为,怎么样?What do you think of the movie?你认为这部电影怎么样?Itis boring.很
20、无聊。2 .mind doing sth:介意做某事 3. news (不可数名词,消息,信息)a piece of good news一条好消息 4.learn (sth) fromsb:向某人学习(某物)5.plan to do sth: 计划做某事(plan的过去式 planned, 现在分词 planning ) 6.hope to do sth: 希望做某事8 .favorite (形容词,最喜爱的 尸like best My favorite shows are talk shows. 我最喜欢的节目是谈话节 目。=I like talk shows best.9 .expect
21、to do sth:期待做某事10.think of 认为,想起 Heoften thinks of his teachers. 11.in the 1930s: 在二十世纪三 十年代(1930年至1939年)10.12.one of +可数名词复数:之一(该短语放在句首做主语 时,后面的动词用单数形式)One of the students has anEnglish dictionary.这些学生中一个人有英语字典。14.luck(名词,幸运,运气)一lucky(形容词,幸运的)-unlucky (形 容词,不幸的)15.be ready to do sth 乐意做某事 16.try on
22、e /s best (to do sth ):尽力(做某事)Unit6 I'm going to study computer science.本单元的话题:谈论自己将来的计划或打算。本单元的语法:学习一般将来时be going to do sth 。本单元的短语和知识点:1.词性转换:science (名词,科学)-scientist (名词,科学家) violin (名词,小提琴)-violinst (名词,小提琴家)piano (名 词,钢琴)-pianist (名词,钢琴家)2.grow up 成长,长大 3.be good at+ 名词 代词 动词+ing:擅长 He is
23、good at math,but he isn ' t good at speaking English.他擅长数学,但是不擅长 说英语。4.keep on doing sth:继续做某事5.be sure about: 确信,对有把握His mother isn ' t sure about his study.他的妈妈对他的学习 没有把握。6. move to + 地点:搬(家)到某地 7. take singingacting lessons 上歌唱课 上表演课=have singingacting lessons 8. send sb sth = send sth to
24、 sb 寄 送给某人某物His grandfather often sends him money 。= His grandfather often sends money to him.9. learn to do sth学会做某事10. play the piano 弹钢琴 make the soccer team 组建足球 队 get good grades 取得好的成绩 eat healthier food 吃更 健康的食品 get lots of exercise 进行大量锻炼11. foreign language外国语言12. study hard 努力学习 most of th
25、e time 大多数时间14. get back from+ 地,点:从!来 He will get back from Beijing in 3 days.at the beginning of在开始的时候 ,write down 写下/记下,17. different kinds of 不同种类的 have to do with 关于,与 有关系,take up开始从事20. too+形容词+to do sth :太以至于不能so+形容词+that+句子:如此 以至于 形容词+enough to do sth :足够能够做某事(注意三个句型 有时可以互相转换)He is so young
26、that he can ' t go to schoo.如止匕年轻以至于 不能去上学。=He is too young to go to school.他太年轻了 以至于不能去上学。=He isn ' t old enough to go to school.22 .make sb+ 形容词:让某人怎么样 The good news made us happy.(注意:news 为不可数名词)23 .how to do better at school 为 疑问词+不定式”即 疑问词 +to do sth ”He didn ' t know when to start.
27、他不知道什么时候开始。24.goto university 去上大学Unit 7 Will people have robots?本单元的话题:谈论对未来的语言,学习一般将来时 will do sth , 本单元的语法:学习一般将来时will do sth 。一般将来时由 助动词will / shall +动词原型”构成,表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语如 tomorrow、next week , in 2 days(2 天之后)等连用。(Shall 用于第一人称,will可以用于各种人称。)(will not=won' t)一般疑问句:把肯定句中的 w
28、ill提到句首即可。以上两句的一般疑问句为:Will you visit the old man next week? Yes,we will.No, we> £ won t .否定句:把肯定句中的 will变为won' t即可。以上两句的否定句为:We won' t visit the old man next week. She won' t finish thework in 2 weeks.本单元的短语和知识点:I.There be 结构:There be(is/are/was/were)+ 某物 /某人 + 某地/某时“ There be结构”
29、的一般现在时:There is/are+某物/某人+某地/某时There are 600 students in our school.在我们学校有 600 个学生。一般过去时:There was/were+ 某物/某人+某地/某时 There was a school ten years ago.一般将来时:There will be+ 某物/某人+某地/某时.=There isgoing to be+ 某物 /某人 + 某地 /某时.There will be a sportmeeting next week.=There is going to be a sport meetingnex
30、t weeek.下周将有场运动会。2.on computers在电脑上,on paper 在纸上3.a few +可数名词复数:有一些、有几个a little +不可数名词:有一叱little+few +可数名词复数:几乎没有(表示否定)不可数名词:几乎没有(表示否定)many+可数名词复数:很多,许多 few的比较级是fewer ,little 的比较级是 lessmuch+不可数名词:很多,许多 manymuch 的比较级都是moreThere will be less polution in the future.在未来将会有更少的污染。(polution为不可数名词)We should
31、 plant more trees.我们应该种更多的树。(tree为可数名词)There will be fewer cars in the future.在未来将会有更少的汽车。(car为可数名词)4.in (great) danger 在(极度)危险中 on the earth 在地球上 save the earth 拯救地球6.in+一段时间:在 之后(多用于一般将来时)He will come back in 2 days.两天之后他将回来。7How soonwill he come back?多久他将回来?句型 There isare sb doing sth.有某人正在做某事。Th
32、ere isa cat eating fish.10.hundreds of+ 名词:成百上千的 ,许多 (表示模糊数字)数字+ hundred +名词:几百 (表示具体数字)He has hundreds of book.他有很多书。 He bought twohundred books. 他买了二百本书。12.at some point:在某些方面free time 空闲时间 in one ' sfree time 在某人空闲时间Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake?本单元的话题:描述做事情的顺序和过程。( First首先,Next下
33、面,Then然后,Finally最后)本单元的语法:复习一般现在时。本单元的短语和知识点:1(P57,1a) turn on 打开 turn up 调大turn off 关上 turn down 调小2. How many+可数名词复数:多少How much+不可数名词:多少He has eight books.他有八本书。 7How many books doeshe have?他有多少本书?3.量词的用法:不可数名词常用 数字+量词+不可数名词”来表示。如:a piece of bread 片面包 比较:two pieces of bread 两片面包(bread为不可数名词)a glas
34、s of orange一玻璃杯橘子汁one spoon of butter 一勺黄油5.one more thing = another one thing 基数词 + more + 名 词=another + 基数词+名词:又多少某物 He ate an apple,he wanted to eat two more apples.7.It ' s time (for sb) to do sth 是某人该做某事的时间了。It ' stime for us to have lunch.It ' s time for sth是该做某事的时间了。It ' s tim
35、e for the class.是该上课的时候了。Unit 9 Can you come to my party?本单元的话题:学会发出、接受或拒绝邀请。本单元的语法:复习情态动词。本单元的短语和知识点:1.on Saturday afternoon在星期六下午,在具体哪一天的是上午、下午或晚上用 on,2. have to 必须(后跟动词原形)He has to get up early. 他必须早起。(一般疑问句)Does he get up early? Yes,heNo,he doesn ' t.(否定句)He doesn' t have to get up early
36、.他没有必要早 起。4. sth=want sth想要某物Jim would like a newpen .Would like to do sth=want to do sth想做某事He d like to watch TV.Would you like to do sth ? 你愿意做 ?(用来提出建议或征求对方意见)would you like to go shopping with me ?你想和我一起 去买东西吗?Yes,I ' d love to , but I ' m doing my homework. 我想去, 但是我现在正在做家庭作业。(=Sorry, I
37、 ' m doing my homework.非常抱歉,我正在做家庭作 业。)5. prepare for sth 为做准备 go to the doctor 去看病 have the flu 患流感 help my parents 给父母帮忙have an exam考试6. until的用法:<1>若动词为延续性动词则用肯定句式He studied until 21:00pm.他一直学习到晚上九点。<2>若动词为非延续性动词,则用not .until .(直到。才。)He didn ' t go to bed until his father came
38、 back.他一直至|他爸爸回来才上床睡觉。10.study for a math test为数学考试做准备 go to the party 参加聚会11.What ' s today?今天几号? Its Monday,the 14th.今天星期一,十四号。补充:what day is it today? 今天星期几? it ' s Monda冷天星期一。What' s the date today? 今天几月几日? It ' s October 20th .今天10月20日。12.go to the doctor 去看病 have a piano lesson
39、 上钢琴课13.look after照看,照料 =take care ofShe is old to look after his brother她足够大了能够照看她的弟弟。take good care of =look afterWe好照顾,好好照料We should take good care of the children.= We shouldlook after the children well.感叹句的类型:(1) What a/ an+adjMT数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!What +adj+可数名词复数不可数名词 (+主语+谓语)!What a fine day (it i
40、s) !多么好的天啊! (day为可数名词单 数)What an interesting book it is !多么有趣的一本书啊!(book为可数名词单数)What beautiful flowers they are !多么漂亮的花啊!( flowers为可数名词复数)What bad weather it is!多么糟糕的天气啊!(weather为不可数名词) How +adj +主语+ (谓语中的)系动词! How +adv +主语+ (谓语中的)实义动词!How happy I am! 我多麽高兴啊!(happy 为adj,am 为系动词)How hard they are wor
41、king !他们工作多么努力啊! ( hard为adv,work为实义动词) 点拨:陈述句改为感叹句,可以采用 一判、二定、三移”。一判:是判断出陈述句谓语动词后的中心词的词性(adj / adv"二定:是根据判断出来的结果来确定引导词(中心词为名词用 What ;中心词为形容词或副词用 How ;) 三移:就是把主语和谓语移到后面。注意:在感叹句中,不得出现 so,very , very much 等表示程度 的单词。例如: Our school is beautiful .一判:beautiful为形容词;二定:beautiful为形容词,用How 来引导;三移:把 Our sc
42、hool is 移到How beautiful 后面,即 为感叹句 How beautiful our school is! He is a clever boy.一判:boy为名词;二定:boy为名词,用What来引导;三移: 把He is移到 What a clever boy 后面,即为感叹句 What a clever boy he is! He studies English well.一判:well为副词;二定:well为副词,用How 来引导;三移:把He studies 移到How well后面,即为感叹句 How well he studies!练习:将下列句子变为感叹句。T
43、he room is verybright. We live a happy life today. It is a nicepresent. This is difficult problem. She played thepiano wonderfully.16.) the (best) way to do sth:做某事的(最好)方法 17.thanks for+ 名词V?ing:为什么而感谢 18.take a trip参加郊游,at the end of this month 在本月底19.go back to+ 地点:回到某地 He will go back to Beijing
44、in2 days.两天后他将回北京。20 .have a surprise party for sb为某人举办一个惊喜的晚会21 .without+ 名词 代词' V?ing :没有 He can' t finish the work without our help. (help 为名词)He went to school without having breakfast. 他没有吃早饭 就去上学。(have为动词)22 .look forward to + 名词 代词 V.ing :期待,盼望25.hear from sb. 收至 U某人的来信 =receive a let
45、ter from sb.27.the opening of :开幕/开业28.在具体哪一天的上午、下午、晚上用on,比较:in the morning 在早晨 on Sunday morning在星期天的早 晨 29.invite sb to + 地点:邀请某人去某地(invite -invitation ) invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事31.reply to sth / sb :回答某事/回答某人go shopping 购物,do homework 做家庭作业Unit 10 If you go to the party, you' ll have a gre
46、attime!本单元的话题:谈论事情可能的结果。本单元的语法:在条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来 一一 即主将从现。If you go to the party, we will have a great time从句(一般现在时)(主句一般将来时)解释:在条件状语从句,时间状语从句中,若主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表示将来简称主将从现If it is fine tomorrow'll visit shanghai区分:宾语从句若主句为一般现在时,从句可以根据需要用任何时态I think I " ll finish the work in 2 days.我认为我在
47、两天内将完成这项工作。主句(一般现在时)宾语从句填空:I think she(come)here tomorrow. Ifhe (come )here,I (call)you.本单元的短语和知识点:l.have a great /good time 玩的开心 stay at home 呆在家里 take the bus 乘公交车,go to the party 参力口晚会tomorrownight 明天晚上 talk about sth 谈论某事have aclass party 开班级晚会have a class meeting 开班会6.plan to do sth计戈璇某 They are planning to go shopping.他们正在计划购物。 7. (P74,2b) half the class全班一半人,make some food 做食物8.ask sb. to do sth请某人做某事 My parents often
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