人教版英语八年级下unit2讲解与练习

1、Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks.Section A1. You should help to clean up the city parks.Clean up 意为 “彻底打扫；清除” ，是 “动词+副词”结构的短语动词，后面跟名词作宾格时，名词放在 up 前后均可，后面跟代词作宾格时，代词应当放在up 前面。. He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to che

2、er them up.Cheer up 意为 “变得更高兴， 振奋起来 ”， 是 “动词+副词 ”结构的短语， cheer up 既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语. He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him.Cheer up! The news isnt too bad.He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.【拓展】1) ) cheer 作不及物动词，意为 “欢呼；喝彩”. The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived.2) cheer

3、作及物动词，意为 为欢呼，高呼”. The whole village turned out to cheer the hero3) cheer 作可数名词，意为 “欢呼声，喝彩声 ”. We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym.4) cheer on意为 为加油”. We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on【现学现练】He failed in the math test and looks sad. Le

4、tA. put him upB. set him upC. cheer him upD. clean him up3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.Give out 意为 “散发，分发 ”，相当于 “hand out， ” 是 “动词 +副词”的短语动词. Can you give out the drinks out, please【拓展】Give out 的不同含义：1 ) give out 表示 “发出(光、热、声音、气味等). The sun gives out light and heat to the earth.2 )

5、 give out 表示 “用完，耗尽 ”. Our food supplies began to give out.4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.Volunteer 动词，意为 “志愿做，义务做” ，后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语. Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after party.【拓展】Volunteer 作可数名词，意为 “志愿者 ”. Can I have a volunteer to collect the

6、glasses5. We can t put off making a planPut off 意为 “推迟 ” ，是 “动词 +副词 ”的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语. They put off the match because of the heavy rain.Please don t put off doing your homework.Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.【拓展】由 put 构成的常见短语有：Put away将收起来put on穿上；上演put down 放下；记下Put out 熄灭；

7、 伸出put back 放回原处put up 张贴； 搭建6. Let s make some notices, tooNotice 此处作可数名词，意为 “公告牌；通告；布告 ”. There is a notice on the wall, saying“ No Parking ”I ll put up a notice about the meeting.【拓展】1 ) notice 作不可数名词，意为 “注意 ” . Take notice of what they say.2 ) notice 作动词，意为 “注意到，留心，看到 ” . Did you notice Jack com

8、e in7. They told me stories about the past and how things used to beUsed to意为过去一；曾经：后跟动词原形，表示过去常常做某事”，指表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. He used to work in the hospital.He didn t use to walk after supper.【拓展】1) be used to do sth. 意为 “被用于做某事”，不定式表目的. The book is used to teach us how to write.2) be used for

9、 + n./ 表示 被用于 ” . A stamp is used for sending letters.3) get/be used to doing sth. He is used to eating out all the time.8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.Lonely 是形容词，充当表语，指 “孤独的” ，用于人时，表示一种心理状态，突出内心孤独寂寞的感觉，侧重缺少同伴友谊而感到孤独、寂寞。含忧郁之意。. He felt very lonely without his friends.9. give up several hou

10、rs each week to help others.Several 作形容词，意为 “几个，数个” ，修饰可数名词复数. Several days later, Grandma came to the library to borrow some books.【拓展】Several 作代词，意为 “几个，数个”. Excuse me, have you got any books about sports- Yes, we ve gseovt eral.Several of us went there.10. I get such a strong feeling of satisfact

11、ion when I see the animal get better and the look of joy on their owner s faces.1） Feeling 在此用作可数名词，意为 “感觉；感触”. I ve got a bad feeling.It was a great feeling when a wild animal shows you affection.Feel 还可用作连系动词，意为 “觉得，感觉到 ”. I felt very tired after running.2） satisfaction 为不可数名词，意为 “满意，满足” ，其反义词是dis

12、satisfaction. She smiled in satisfaction.【拓展】Satisfaction （名词，满意） satisfy （动词，使满意） satisfied （形容词，满意的）1） be satisfied to do sth. 意为 “对做某事感到满意”. He was satisfied to win the match.2） be satisfied with意为 对感到满意”. She was not satisfied with the result.3） joy 在此用作不可数名词，意为 “高兴；愉快”. Life is always full of j

13、oy.He jumped up with joy.4） owner 可数名词，意为 “物主，主人. He is the owner of the car.【拓展】1) own 形容词，意为 “自己的 ”，一般用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后以加强语气。. I saw it with my own eyes.2) own 及物动词，意为 “有；拥有 ” ，相当于 have. He owns a big house.3) of one ' s oW的 属于某人自己的“. At last I ve got a big house of my own.11. The kids are si

14、tting in the l ibrary, but you can see in their eyes that they re going on adifferent journey with each new book.Journey 意为 “旅行；行程” ，可数名词，一般指长途旅行. Life is a long journey from birth to death.12. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.Sick形容

15、词，意为 生病的；有病的"，其反义词为 well. His sister was sick with a cold.Sick作形容词时，还可表示“(想)呕吐的，恶心的”. I always feel sick when I travel by ship.The smell makes him sick.【拓展】Sick与川的辨析：Sick指生病”时主要用于英式英语，可作定语也可作表语，表示 恶心；呕吐”时只用作表语. He is a sick man.He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.Ill 指 “生病

16、 ”时，主要用于美式英语，只用作表语，一般不作定语. He is ill and stays in bed.13. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.Raise作及物动词，意为 筹集；征集”. They want to raise enough money for building a school.【拓展】 raise 的其他用法：1) 作及物动词，意为 “举起，抬起”. Please raise your hands

17、!2) 作及物动词，意为“种植”. Their family raised a lot of corn.3) 作及物动词，意为“饲养，供养”. She likes to raise a dog.14. I want to travel alone.Alone 作副词，意为 “单独地；独自地”. He likes living alone.1) alone 作副词，用在名词或代词之后，意为 “只有；仅仅 ”. He alone understands me.2) alone 作形容词，意为 “独自的；单独的 ”. She was alone in the dark room.【拓展】Alone

18、与 lonely 辨析Alone 表示 “单独的；肚子的” ，指一个人或事物与其他的人或事物分开，不含感情色彩。. He is alone in the classroomLonely 表示 “孤独的，寂寞的” ，指人时含有浓重的感情色彩，即因缺少朋友、同情、亲情而产生的一种孤独、悲伤和忧郁的感情。. She has few friends here and feels lonely.Section B1. I ve run out of it.Run out of 是 “动词 +副词 +介词”的短语， of 后接宾语，主语通常是表示 “人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器等，意为 “用完

19、了 ”. I ve run out of paper.【拓展】1) run out of可表示 从跑出来”的意思. The dog run out of the room.2) run out 是 “动词+副词 ”结构的不及物动词短语，意为 “用完，用尽” ，主语通常是表示“时间、金钱 ”等无生命的东西。. All the money ran out by me.3) sth. run out 表示 “某物用尽了，用完了 ”. Our food will soon run out.2. I take after my mother.Take after意为 像；与相像"，指由于血缘关

20、系而在外貌、性格等方面相似，相当于be similarto ， 其中 after 是介词，其后常接名词或代词. Your daughter doesn t take after you at all.【拓展】1) look like意为看上去像；多指外貌. You look like my brother.2) be like意为像 ； 何指外貌，也可指性格. What is your sister like3. I repaired it.Repair 及物动词，意为 “修理，修补，修缮(房屋) ”. He repairs old furniture.辨析： repair, mend 与 f

21、ix1) repair 比 fix 和 mend 更正式，常用于表示修补破损或有洞的东西. Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.2) mend 着重修补衣服上的洞、道路、屋顶或围栏等. My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.3) fix 侧重于 “安装” ，有时也用作“修理” ，常用于指修理机器、车辆等. The workers are fixing the machine.4. I m similar to her.1) similar 形容词，意为 “相似的；相仿的 ”. My best

22、 friend and I have similar hobbies.2) be similar to意为 与相似/相仿”. My new dress is similar to yours.【拓展】Be similar in sth. 意为 “在某方面相似/ 相仿 ”. The two buildings are similar in style.5. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li1) letter 可数名词， “信，函 ”. Tom, here is a letter for you.2) write the letter to sb. 相当于 write

23、 to sb. 意为 “给某人写信”. I am writing the letter to my friendDo you often write to your friends【拓展】1) receive a letter from sb. 与 hear from sb. 同义， 意为 “收到某人的来信 ” . I often hear from my friends.2) letter 作可数名词，表示 “字母” 的意思. Write down these letters, please.6. I m sure you know that this group was set up to

24、 help disabled people like me.Disabled形容词，意为 丧失能力的，有残疾的“，它是动词disable (使丧失能力)加后缀 ed 构成的. We should help disabled people.It s important to make fun of a disabled man.7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Make a difference to 意为 对产生影响"，difference前面可加修饰词，如 big, great等，to 是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词. Edu

25、cation can make a big difference to the quality of a person s life.The accident has made a great difference to his life.【拓展】Make no difference意为对没有影响”. It makes no difference to me.8. Or imagine you can t walk or use your hainlyd.s easImagine 动词，意为 “想象，设想” ，其后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句. Can you imagine life on

26、 the moonI can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.9/ Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulities.Difficulity 作名词，意为 “困难；难题 ”，其形容词为 difficult ，意为 “困难的 ”【拓展】1) Difficulty 表示抽象意义上的 “困难 ”时，是不可数名词. Bad planning will lead to difficult

27、y later.2) have difficulty in doing sth. 表示 “在做某事方面有困难 ”. I had great difficulty (in) doing the work.10. Opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me .1) open 动词，意为 “打开，张开”，反义词为 close. open the window, open your mouthOpen 与 turn on 辨析：Open 指将原来关着的东西打开， turn on 指转动或推上开关等打开2) car

28、ry 及物动词，意为 “拿，提，扛”. He always carries a small box in his hand.Carry, bring, take 的用法辨析：Carry 不表示动作的方向，一般指随身携带，如 “扛、提、运 ”等. Please carry the bag for me.Bring 指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方. Bring the book to me, please.Take指把人或物从说话者的地方带到别处去. Take my box to the room.【拓展】Open 还可用作形容词，主要用法如下：3) 开着的，反义词为 closed. All

29、 the doors are open.4) 开张的，营业的. The shop is open from 9am to 6am.5) 开放的. Our country is open to the world now.11. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out1) a friend of mine 指 “我的一位朋友”，是双重所有格，相当于one of my friends.2) help sb. out 指 “帮助某人摆脱困境；帮助某人解决难题 ” . Help them out as possible as you

30、 can.12. I was excited about the idea of having a dog.1) excited形容词，意为 兴奋的，激动的"，可作表语或定语，作表语时，主语一般是表示 人 的名词或代词；作定语时，一般修饰表示人”的名词或代词.Tom was excited after hearing of the good news.The excited children are opening their presents.Excited与exciting的用法辨析：Excited意为 兴奋的，激动的“，多用于修饰人；exciting意为 使人兴奋的，刺激的“，

31、修饰 物.The boy was excited when he heard the exciting news.2) be excited about意为 对感到兴奋、激动”.I was excited about going to the zoo.13. Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.Understand既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，意为 理解；领会；明白”.Do you understand meHe doesn ' t understand English.【拓展】1) understand后

32、可接从句：.I understand you ' re going to teach American Chinese.2) make oneself understood意为 让某人了解自己的意思”.I can ' t make myself understood in English.单元练习n .单项填空(30分)parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer.swimfather is creative enough so many nice toys for his daughter.buymakeofte

33、n saw the boys in the river.swimtakes me two hours my homework every day.doglass of water is too hot. Would you please give me some cold water drink's easy the problem.him solve him to solve him solving him to solve1 7.is not easy to look after a little baby.hope you next Sunday.seeTed was very

34、rich. But now h e has no place to. B. live oninwith30 .一Could you please pass me the book,I could., I couldn ' t.,here you are., that ' s no problem.31 . What are you doing, Uncle Wang一I ' m sorting out old books and I to Kidsl in West China.them up them away them offthem infound necessa

35、ry to protect animals in danger.D./should smoking. It ' s bad for your health.up upupupyou for your,otherwise I couldn ' t finish my study.is strongfootball.playplayingplayplayingin.完形填空（10分）One day, Peter had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his grandfather and told him h

36、is story 36 . “ He is really bad" the boy said, "37nd him.”The grandfather said, 38 'me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did.”As Peter 39 carefully, the gran dfather went on. " There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 40 an

37、d kind. He gets on well 41 everything around him. But 42 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no re ason. He can ' t think carefully3 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart

38、. They both try to control （控制） me.”Peter looked into his grandfather 44 and asked, 45 tiger always controls you, Grandfather ”The old man said slowly and seriously,“ The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kindtiger, so I never hate others and seldom （很少）get angry now. ”otherIV .阅读理解（20分）Ha

39、ve you ever been to Taiwan, the biggest island of China Do you want tovisit there We show you the best Taiwan Island.On a four-day tour.Price: Only ¥ 5,000Including: Round-way plane tickets between Beijing and Taiwan.Bus service around Taiwan. Best tour guide service.PlacesSun and Moon Lake A b

40、eautiful lake. A small island. On one side of the island, the lake looks like the sun, on the other side it looks like the moon. That is why people call the lake Sun and Moon Lake.Ali Mountain The nearest mountain around Sun and Moon nice experience to have a party with Gaoshan people. A wonderful p

41、lace to see a very beautiful sunrise.Peng Lake A great place for swimming, fishing, boating and eating delicious fruit and f resh fish.Gao Xiong A full day to go shopping.Book nowOffice hour Monday Friday: 9:00 am 7:00 pm; Saturday: 9:00 am 4:00 pmTel: 6459-9561Sold out this month Book by phone now

42、for next month.is the biggest island of ChinaIsland.Island.Island.Island.you go on a trip in Taiwan, where can you see the beautiful sunriseSun and Moon Lake.Ali Mountain.Peng Lake.Gao Xiong.writer of this passage wants tomore people to join the touryou something about Taiwanpeople not to trouble th

43、em on Sunday how beautiful Taiwan isyou want to visit Taiwan this month, you have to .their office on Saturdaythe number 6459-9561to some other travel agenciesmore to cover the same touryou are asked to add a sentence on top of this piece of writing, which of the following would be the most properis

44、 Part of Chinathe Time to Learn in Your HolidayBiggest Island of Chinaand Join Us for Your HolidayV .根据汉语提示完成句子（10分）are（募捐） for the students in Lushan earthquake.（志愿帮助）old people at an Old People House.（使我们高兴的是）,we found the owner of the lost dog. （感觉）of helping others makes me （觉得）happy. （有困难） clim

45、bing the mountain.W.句型转换（10分）could play the piano when she was five years old.（改为同义句）She could play the piano five.would like to be an animal d octor when I grow up.（改为同义句）I an animal doctor when I grow up.,you , the, kids, ask, let, you, hospital , visit, them , cheer, and, up, to, the （连 词成句）decid

46、ed that she would give away her old books to others. （改为简单句）She decided her old books to others.do sports is important for us.（改为同义句）It for us sports.口.书面表达（20分）动物是人类的好朋友，没有动物，人类也不能生存，但现在很多动物濒临灭绝，请你就 如何帮助动物提出建议。要求：1.内容包含动物面临的状况和建议；2.书写认真，70词左右。n . tell sb.（not） to do sth.,意为 告诉某人（不）做某事 ”。故选B。本题考查eno

47、ugh to do结构的应用。根据结构排除A、B两项；根据句中creative有创意的“可知，此处为制造玩具，故选D。see sb. do sth.意为 看到某人做某事”, see sb. doing sth.意为 看到某人正在做某 事”。根据句意 我经常看到男孩们在河中游泳 ”可知，应用see sb. do sth.结构。 答案选DoIt takes sb. some time to do sth.意为 花费某人一段时间做某事 ”。动词不定式作后置定语，"some cold water to drink意为 修'些喝的冷水”。It ' as+.+for/of sb.

48、 to do sth.是固定句型，根据该Z构可排除A、C两项。当形容词是表示品格的形容词时，用of结构；当形容词是表示事物性质的形容词时，用for结构。easyl!表示事物性质的形容词，故选B。it作形式主语，其后动词不定式作真正的主语。hope之后接动词不定式作宾语。动词不定式作定语时，若该动词是不及物动词，其后的介词不能省略。因为句中的place是动词不定式的逻辑宾语，相当于"live in the place,故选C=Could you please.是表示委婉请求，其肯定答语是Sure/Certainly.,故选Qgive up放弃;give away捐赠;give off发出（光等）；give in屈服、投降。根据前 半句句意我正在把旧书分类”可知，此处是我将把它们捐给中国西部的孩子 们“。故give away符合句意。find+it+ adj.+to do sth.为固定用法，该空格处是动词不定式的形式宾语。作动词不定式的形式宾语用代词it。get up起床；put up张贴；give up放弃；look up查看。根据后句句意它对你的健康有害处”可知，空格所在句意为你应该戒烟"，故give up符合句意。根据空格前your是形容词性物主代词可知，空格处应用名词形式，故选C。be strong in是