高中英语语法精讲之表语从句上课讲义

1、高中英语语法精讲之表语从句 在复合句中做表语的从句，叫做表在复合句中做表语的从句，叫做表语从句。它位于主句的语从句。它位于主句的系动词系动词am , is, are, was, were, seem, look, taste, remain等等之后，对主语进行解释，说明，使主之后，对主语进行解释，说明，使主语的内容具体化。语的内容具体化。The question is who will do it. 表语从句放在连系动词表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。之后，充当复合句中的表语。 The question is who will do it.The question is diff

2、icult.（ 表表 ）表语从句表语从句（ 表表 ）可接表语从句的系动词有：可接表语从句的系动词有： 1. be 2. feel, seem, look, appear, sound, taste, smell 3. stand, lie, remain, keep, stay 4. become, get, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall 5. prove, turn out 1. 这个故事听起来像是真的。 The story sounds true.2. 他似乎知道这件事。 He appears to know this.例句：例句：3. 这些桔子很好吃。

3、These oranges taste good.1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. My job is to teach you English.5. The question is who will do it. 2. 2. 表语从句的构成表语从句的构成主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 引导词引导词 + 简单句简单句This is why he did it. 表语从句放在表语从句放在连系动词连系动词之后，充当复之后，充当复合句中的表语。合句中的

4、表语。His suggestion is that we should stay calm. That is why she was late.引导词引导词引导词引导词 （系动词）（系动词） + 引导词引导词 + 简单句简单句 （主语）（主语） +What I want to say is that I am tired主语主语 + 系动词系动词 + 引导词引导词 + 简单句简单句观察思考观察思考：指出句子成分指出句子成分Henry was an American businessman.Henry met an American businessman. 主语主语 表语表语主语主语谓语谓语

5、宾语宾语（及物动词）（及物动词）连系动词连系动词1.1.从属连词从属连词as, as if / thoughas, as if / though引导的引导的表语从句表语从句He looked just as he had looked ten years before.It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.他看起来还与十年前一样。他看起来还与十年前一样。听起来好像有人在敲门。听起来好像有人在敲门。 引导词的用法（一）引导词的用法（一）as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look, seem,

6、sound, be, become等后面，常用等后面，常用虚拟虚拟语气，语气，表示表示不存在不存在的动作或状态。的动作或状态。e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. 主语主语+连系动词（连系动词（look /seem /appear）+that/as if从句从句 as if, as though 引导的表引导的表语从句语从句*as if/as though引导的表语从句如果是引导的表语从句如果是事事实实，就用，就用陈述语气陈述语气，如果与事实，如果与事实不符不符，就，就用用虚拟语气虚拟语气(主句一般主句一般

7、现在时现在时，从句就用，从句就用一般过去时一般过去时，be变成变成were。主句是一般。主句是一般过去时过去时，从句用，从句用过去完成时过去完成时)。 It looks as if he were her own father. ( (与事实不符与事实不符) ) Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if its going to rain.becausebecause引导表语从句通常用于引导表语从句通常用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。而结构中。而且主语一般不用且主语一般不用reason。My anger is becaus

8、e you havent written to me for a long time.Why were you absent from the meeting ? Was it because you were ill? 你为什么不来出席座谈会？是病了么？你为什么不来出席座谈会？是病了么？ 引导词的用法（二）引导词的用法（二）that, whythat, why 与与 becausebecause 引导表语从句时的引导表语从句时的区别区别 三者均可引导表语从句，但但 that 没有词义，没有词义，而而 why 和和 because 有自己的意思有自己的意思；另外，前者强调前者强调结果结果，后者

9、强调，后者强调原因原因。如：The reason was that you dont trust her. 原因是你不信任她。The fact is that they are angry with each other. 事实是他们生彼此的气。He was ill. Thats why he was sent to the hospital. 他病了，所以被送到医院来。He was sent to the hospital. Thats because he was ill. 他被送到医院，是因为他生病了。例句：例句：(1) Thats because he didnt understand

10、 me.(2) Thats why he got angry with me .那是因为他不理解我。那是因为他不理解我。那正是他对我生气的原因。那正是他对我生气的原因。( (强调原因）强调原因）（强调结果）（强调结果）连接代词连接代词who, whom, whose, whoever, who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever,what, whatever, which, whichever,连接连接副词副词where, when, howwhere, when, how (1) The problem is who

11、 we can get to replace her. (2) The question is how he did it. (3) That is where he was born. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。问题是他如何做此事的。问题是他如何做此事的。那就是他出生的地方。那就是他出生的地方。 where, when, why, how引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接副词连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。方式、原因

12、状语，本身具有词义。 Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.what 在表语从句中充当在表语从句中充当_ 表示表示_.1. The question is what caused the accident. 2. That mountain is no longer what

13、 it used to be .3. What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语什么，什么样子，或所什么，什么样子，或所的（人或事）的（人或事） 引导词的用法（三）引导词的用法（三）who who 在表语从句中充当在表语从句中充当_表示表示_._. The problem is who could do the work2. My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语谁谁引导词的用法（四）引导词的用法（四） which

14、 在引导表语从句时在引导表语从句时,常充当常充当_ 表示表示 。如：。如： I read about it in some book or another,but what I dont know is which (book) it is. 定语定语, ,表语表语其中哪一个其中哪一个 引导词的用法（五）引导词的用法（五）1. that1) that 在从句中不担任句子成分，无实际意不担任句子成分，无实际意义，一般不能省略义，一般不能省略2)在表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词idea, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should + 动

15、词原形”（虚拟语气），should可省略My opinion is that its getting better and better.1) My suggesstion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.引导词的用法（一）引导词的用法（一）名词主语名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句引起的表语从句主语名词常常是主语名词常常是表示事实，真理的名词，如：表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：如：idea, opinion, belief, view, news,

16、 advice, feeling, suggestion, plan, trouble, question, problem, 1.The fact is that our team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person we are looking for.填空填空: The reason why we didnt trust him is _ he has often liedreason 做主语时，表语从句只能用做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导引导, 不能用不能用why 引导。句型结构为：引导。句型结

17、构为： The reason (why/for)is /was that. The reason is thatthatThe reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning （当主语是当主语是reason时，表语从句时，表语从句要用要用that引导而不是引导而不是because）他早上来晚的原因是他晚了一分钟而没他早上来晚的原因是他晚了一分钟而没赶上火车。赶上火车。 whether在表语从句中表在表语从句中表 ,但不充当但不充当句子的成分。句子的成分。if 引导表语从句引导表语从句.

18、如如:1.What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.2. The question is whether it is worth doing.“是否是否”不能不能 引导词的用法（五）引导词的用法（五）四四. . 使用虚拟语气的表语从句使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用表语从句，谓语动词需用should+should+动词原形动词原形 表示，表示，shouldshoul

19、d可省略。常见的词有：可省略。常见的词有：advice, advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plansuggestion, order, proposal, plan等。等。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.表语从句引导词注意事项表语从句引导词注意事项1. 1. thatthat引导表语从句时引导表语从句时不能省不能省. .2. 2. ifif不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句. .3. 3. 除除thatthat外的所有引导词都有自外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。己的意义。4. 4

20、. 除除that, whetherthat, whether外的所有引外的所有引导词都须在导词都须在从句中充当相应的从句中充当相应的成分成分 5.表语从句中，从句用陈述句语表语从句中，从句用陈述句语序序小结：小结：1. 表语从句的构成表语从句的构成: 引导词引导词+简单句简单句2. 引导词引导词: 连词连词that, whether, as ,as if 连接代词连接代词who, what, which连接副词连接副词when, where, how ,why 3. 3个注意点个注意点: if 不引导表语从句不引导表语从句主语为主语为reason时，引导词用时，引导词用that语序语序例题例题

21、1：The question is _ we will have our sports meeting next week.A. that B. if C. when D. whether D注意点注意点1：if 不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句例题例题 2：The reason why he failed is _he was too careless.A. because B. that C. for D. because of B注意点注意点2： 主句主语为主句主语为reason, 只能用只能用that引导引导表语从句，不可用表语从句，不可用because. 用用because, tha

22、t, whybecause, that, why填空填空1、The reason was _ the heavy rain prevented him from coming.2、The reason _we didnt trust him is that he has often lied.3、It is _ he has often lied，so that we didnt trust him.注意点注意点3：reason后的定语从句可以用后的定语从句可以用why/that引导，引导，because一般用于一般用于it/this/that+从句句型中。从句句型中。 that whybec

23、ause注意点注意点4 4：如果从句是特殊疑问句，用陈述句语序如果从句是特殊疑问句，用陈述句语序The problem is _to take the place of John.A. who can we get B. what we can getC. who we can get D. that we can getC1. Go and get your coat. It s _you left it. A. where B. there C. there where D. where there2. The reason why he hasnt come is _. A. becau

24、se his mother is ill B. because of his mothers being ill C. that his mother is ill D. for his mother is ill A C3. That is _ we were late last time. A. that B. when C. why D. what4. _your father wants to know is_ getting on with your studies. A. What; how are you B. That；how you are C. How；that you are D. What；how you are CD1. The question is _ we will have our sports meet next week. that B. if C. when D. whether2The reason why he f