八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳

1、八年级下册英语重要知识点归纳M1重要语法：感官性系统词：feel（摸起来）、look（看起来）、smell（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）sound（听起来），后接形容词作表语，不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句要借助助动词。The silk dress feels soft. The flowers look very beautiful. Does it smell nice?The song doesn' t sound be noisy.2. What a delicious smell!多么香啊 对名词或名词短语感叹用 what感叹句结构:What+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名

2、词+ （主语+谓语）！What an interesting book it is!What班容词+不可数名词/复数名词+ （主语+谓语）！What bad weather it is today!What good students they are!对形容词、副词或动词感叹用How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!How fast he is running!我多么怀念我们一起度过的日子!How delicious it smells!3.I ' m afraid+ 句子:恐怕How I miss the days we spent together!I ，m afraid he ha

3、s no time today.4 . be done 做好了 Isjyour homework done? 你的作业做好了吗?Dinner is done!晚饭做好了 ！5 . have a try 试一试； 尝一尝6 .have a sweet tooth喜好甜食7 .thanks for=thank you for+ 名词/动词-ing 。因而感谢你。Thanks for your help尸Thanks for helping me .Thank you for inviting me to your party.8 . hear from -get /receive a letter

4、 from 收至 U的来信9 .can ' t wait to do sth.迫不及待去做某事I can ' t wait to see you.10 .人 + spend+时间（in） doing sth. 。 =It takes + 人 +时间+to do sth.某人花费多少时问做某事He spent two days （in） reading the novel.=It took him two days to read the novel.11 .too也（置于旬末，前加逗号）also也（置于居中be或情态动词之后）as well也（置于旬末，前不加逗号）12 .be

5、 proud of 以为豪 My parents are proud of me.13 . How do you feel about+名词 / 动词-ing ? =What do you think of+ 名词 / 动词-ing ?你觉得怎么样？How do you feel about the film?=What do you think of the film?How do you feel about coming to China?=What do you think of coming to China?14 .J be afraid of+名词/动词-ing :害怕.I am

6、 afaid of dog/going out at night.be afraid of doing sth.=be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事She is afraid of sleeping alone at night.= Sheis afraid to sleep alone at night.15 . What does sb. look like?某人长得怎么样（问外表）答：short/tall/young/pretty What is sb like? 某人性格怎么样？（问性格或品质）答：quiet/nice/strict/kind.-What does yo

7、ur English teacher look like? -He is tall with pair of glasses.-What is your English teacher like? -He is strict but friendly.M2重要语法：现在完成时（一）：描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历或体验、对现在造成的影响。结构：have/has +动词过去分词（否定）haven' t/hasn ' t +动词过去分词含义：已经/曾经彳过一还没有做过标志talready、ever、never、yet、just 等。I have seen the movi

8、e.我已经看过这部电影。（我现在了解该电影了。）He has already finished his homework.他已经完成了作业。（他可以交作业了）We haven t had dinner yet.我们还没有吃晚饭。（我们现在饿）Have you ever entered a speaking competition?你曾经参加过演讲比赛吗?（变般疑问句把 have/has 提到句首） Yes, I have./No, I haven ' t.2. enter a competition=take part in a competition参力口竞赛3. help sb.（

9、to） do sth.帮助某人做某事 He often helps me learn English.4. afford sth. 买得起某物 I can ' t afford the new bike.afford to do sth.付得起钱去做某事 =have enough money to buy sth.She can' t afford to go to school.她没钱去上学。5. 'top to do sth.=stop and then do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做某事I ' m tired. Let &

10、#39; s stop to have a rest. 我累了。让我们停下来休息一下吧！It ' s time for class now. Let' s stop talking.上课时间到了!让我们不要讲话了!6. make up 编写 make up a story 编故事 make it/them up （ 代词要放中间）7.invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事8. fifteen-year-old十五岁的（复合形容词中的名词不能加 s，作定语）fifteen years old十五岁（短语，不能作定语，常作表语）He is fifteen year

11、s old尸He is a fifteen-year-old boy.9.at the moment =now 此刻（常用于现在进行时中）10 have/has been to+ 某地：曾经去过某地（人已经回来，常与次数连用） have/has gone to + 某地：到某地去了（人未回， 不能与次数连用）have/has been in + 某地：在某地呆/逗留（常与for +时间段连用）I have been to Hong Kong twice .He isn ' t here now. He has gone to the USA.We have been in China

12、for 20 years.11. be different from 与.不同12. find it + 形容词 + to do sth.不定式）I find it easy to learn maths.Tony finds it hard to speak Chinese.13. so far到目前为止（常用于现在完成时）14. all over the world=around the world发现做某事是.的（it是形式宾语，无义，替代后面我发现学数学很容易。托尼发现说汉语很难。So far I have learnt 3, 000 English words.全世界M31. alr

13、eady 已经（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中或句末）I have already known him、yet尚，还（常用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句句末）Has it arrived yet?just 刚刚（常用于现在完成时肯定句句中）They have just arrived.2. What are your up to?=What are you doing?你在忙什么？1.1 ，m not sure how to make it .二 I，m not sure how I can make it.4. That ' s why.那就是的原因了。5. in order to+ 动词原

14、形： 为了 He works so hard in order to get the best score. Iso that+ 句子=in order that+句子： 为了He works so hard so that （in order that） he can get the best score.6. there is（现在完成时形式）there has been 已经有/存在there are（现在完成时形式）there have been 已经有/存在There have been many buildings in our village since 15 years ago

15、.7. go around 围绕转8. none of +名词复数/宾格+动词（单/复形）: 没有一个（既指人也指物）Lno one +动词（单）=nobody （仅指人,不与of连用，常用于 who提出的问题）没有一个学生知道答案be inNone of the students know（s） the anwer.-How many people are there in the room? - None.一个也没有 （强调数量）No one knows the answer. - Who s in the classroom? - No one. 没有人（强调有没有9. be calle

16、d 被称为10.a small part of .的一小部分11. communicate with 与联系 12.finish doing sth.完成做某事13.write back 回信M4重要语法：1 .现在完成时（二）：描述一个动作或状态从过去持续到现在乃至将来有多长时间。常与 “for+ 时间段/since+ 时间点”、so far、recently （最近）、in the last 10 years （最近十年）等表示持续的时间连用，也用于 how long问句中。I have learnt English for 6 years. He has lived here since

17、 he was born.China has changed a lot in the last 30 years. How 10ng have you learnt English?特别注意：在现在完成时（二）中，与 “for+时间段/since+时间点”或how long问句 中，动词必须为可 延续性动词（learn, stay, live），不能为短暂性动词（buy, borrow, die ）,若为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。如： buy - haveborrow-keep/have leave-be away die-be dead come/go/reachjoin th

18、e partybe in the party错误：I have bought the bike for 3 days.（buy为短暂性动词，不能与 for +时间段连用） 正确：I have had/kept the bike for 3 days.（ 将 buy 改为延续性动词 have2 .（问）-How long？多久.？（答）-For + 时间段/since+ 时间点。How long have you been like this?你这样多久了 ？I have been 川 for about three days. 我生病大约三天了。3 .catch a cold 感冒 have

19、a fever 发烧 take one ' s temperature 测量某人的体温do exercise 锻炼 fast food 快餐 not usually 不经常 three times a day 一 天三次4 . be harmful to 对 . 有害 Playing computer games is harmful to your eyes.5 . by doing 通过做 . decide （not） to do sth. 决心（不）做某事 in excellent /bad condition身体状况良好 / 差 ride to work=go to work

20、by bike骑车上班arrive at/in=get to = reach 到达 with a smile on one ' s face 面带笑脸go for a run 去跑步 feel awful感到不适all over 浑身；遍及6 . too to 太而不能 The boy is too young to gojto school.7 .choose sb. to do sth.选择某人去干某事on the way 在路上M51.It ' s time to （动词）do sth.=It ' s time for （名词）sth.该做某事的时候了。It &#

21、39; s time to have class.=It ' S time for class.T«play games尸 games.eat dinner尸dinner2. fight（fought foutht ） sb.打某人 fight with sb. 与某人打架 fight for 为而战3. fly through 飞越 climb up 爬上4. I want to be someone like him.我想成为想他那样的人。5. keep doing something不断做某事 keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事keep sb fro

22、m doing sth. =stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事Keep trying , and you ' ll succeed（成功）.不断尝试，你就会成功！6. can ' t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事She couldn ' t help crying when she heard the news.I can' t help missing you when I see the photos.The little boy can' t help dancing with the rock musi

23、c.7.over=more than 超过8 .win the heart of sb.赢得某人的心The boy wontheheartofthebeautiful girl.9 .make a terrible mess弄得一团糟10 .expect to do sth.期待做某事 I expect to see you soon.11 .ever since + 句子（一般过去时）常用于现在完成时）We have known each other ever since we were young.12 . jin the 1980s在二十世纪八十年代in 1980 在 1980 年（没有

24、 the 和 s）13 .find real life hard to understand=find it hard to understand real hard发现现实生活难以理解find +宾格+形容词+ to do - find it +形容词+to do+宾格：发现做是的14 . as well as=with/and also 和；以及；也；像一样好He can speak English as well as French.他会说英语，也会说法语。Tony as well as his parents lives in China now.托尼和他的父母现在住在国。（动词要根据

25、就远原则，与 as well as前的主语人称和数一致）I can speak English as well as him.我的英语说得想他一样好。e to life复活/恢复生气16 .be popular with sb.收到某人的欢迎17 .几种时态区别：时态概念谓语动词形式时间标志词一般现在时：经常发生或习惯性地动作动词原形/三单 often usually sometimesevery day/week 一般过去式：过去发生的动作或状态动词过去式 yesterday -ago justnow ,last week/year 现在完成时：鼻已经或曾经干过某事，对现在的影响have/h

26、as+过去分词already yet'just never过去发生的动作持续到现在或将来有多久。for+时间段、since+时间点，so far, rencently M61. take up 占据（空间/时间）The desk took up too much room.Playing computer games has taken up most of his time.找地方坐下 从事He took up art at school.他在学校教美术。2. find somewhere to sit downbit of food/orange juice3. a bit of

27、+不可数名词=a little of aa bit of a mess有点乱a bit + 形容词 / 副词=a little a bittired/hungry 区别：not a bit:一点也不not a little:很/非常4. must 一定（表推测）It must be really valuable. 他一定很值钱。5. as+（形容词/副词）原级 +as:像一样 He is as tall as his brother.否定：no£ as as 不如. Tom is not as tall as his brother.6. in one ' s life 在

28、（某人）一生中7. make sb./sth. +动词原形：使某人/某物做某事DoH t make me l augh. The boss made the worker work for a long time.类似：let sb./sth. + 动词原形:让某人/某物做某事8. grow as a person长大成人9. some - others 一些另外一些10. develop one ' s interest培养某人的兴趣汤姆和他的父母都来参加了这个聚会11. as well as=besides 除了.之外，还包括.As well as Tom, his parents

29、 came to the party.12. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事13. come out 出版；外出；14. as a result 结果 as a result of .由于尸because of He didn ' t work hard, as a result , he didn ' t pass the exam.15. be interested in+ 名词/动词-ing :对感兴趣I am very interested in maths. Are you interested indancing ?16. sb. s

30、pend+ 时间+doing sth.某人花费多少时间做某事。=It takes sb.+ 时间 + to do sth.He usually spends lots of time playing computer games.=It usually takes him lots of time to play computer games.M71. prepare for 为.做准备=get ready for2. make a list of 列的清单3. get ready 把准备好4.It sounds crazy.这听起来很荒唐。5. I don ' t know what

31、 to take. （简单旬=I don ' t know what I should take. （复合旬）6. at the end of在.的尽头/结尾7. Is 200 dollars enough?（金钱、时间、距离做主语时，视作单数）50 years is long time. 100 metresis_ a short distance.8. had better + 动词原形：最好做某事 You had better stay home at night.否定：had better not+ 动词原形：最好不要做某事：You' d better not go o

32、ut now.9. by the way顺便说一下 go crazy 变疯 in a group of 20二十人一组10. offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物He offered the poor lots of food and water.offer to do sth.自愿去做某事They offered to help me.11. learn about 了解at the same time同时be well trained受过良好培训depend on 依赖；取决于14. provide sb. sth.提供某人某物=provide

33、sb. with sth./provide sth. for sb. _15. set tests安排考试form close friendships with 与.结成亲密的友谊stay in touch with 和保持联系take trips to至U去旅行at least 至少fill out填写M81.重要语法：宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语的句子。本模块重点：由that引导的宾语从句，that无义，可省,后接陈述句作宾语。宾语从句复二=主句+ ?导词+宾?从句。I can hardly believe （that） we re in the city centreTony guess

34、es that the park is very popular.Lingling suggests that they spend the day there.Lingling doesn ，t think the park will be busy.主句和从句的时态关系：主句：一般现在时从句：需根据实际情况用不同时态She?says?（that）?she?works?from?Monday?to?Friday.（从何为一般现在时）She?says?（that）?she?will?leave?a?message?on?his?desk.（从句为一般将来时）My grandparents of

35、ten tell me they lived a hard life in the past.（从旬为一般过去时）Xiaoming says he has already finished his homework.（从旬为现在完成时）主句：一般过去时从句：一般过去时/过去时的某种时态He said?（that） there were no classes yesterday afternoon.（从旬用一般过去时）He?said?（that）?he?was?going?to?take?care?of?the?baby.?（从句用过去将来时）Our teacher told us he had

36、 taught here for 20 years.（从何用过去完成时）特殊情况：从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改变而改变的事实时，不管主句为何种时态，从句总是用一般现在时。He?said?that?light?travels?much?faster?than?sound. ?他说光比声音传播得快）The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.（客观事实）（客She?said（that）?her?father?is?twenty-eight?years?older?than?her.（客观事实）My father tol

37、d us（that） nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.观真理）注意：当主句的谓语动词是think或believe ,宾语从句要表达否定时，要把从句的否定 转移到主句上。?I?don't?think?he?is?going?to?help?you?with?your?English.?We don' t believe that we have won the basketball match.2. hardly 几乎不=almost notHe can hardly believe the result, ca

38、n he?（前否后肯）The little boy is so young that3. so that 如此以至于 he can' t go to school.=The little boy is too youngto go to school.=The little boy is not old enough to go to school.so that 以便； 为了 =in order tharHe got up early so that he could catch up the early bus.4. hear sb./sth.+ 动词原形:听见某人/某物（经常/过

39、去）做hear sb./sth.+ 动词-ing:听见某人/某物正在做I often hear her play the piano in her room.I heard her play the piano in her room last night.I hear her playing the piano in her room now.5. be famous for 因而着名be famous as+ 职业/身份：作为而出名This park is famous fo门ts lake.Luxun is famous as a writer.6. allow doing sth.允许

40、做某事They don't allow smoking hereallow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 His parents allowed him to go out with me.他承认他们是对的allow+that 从旬：He allowed that they were right. ?（对某人来说）最好去做某事7. It ' s better （for sb.） to do sth.It ' s better for you to stop smoking尸You had better stop smoking.8. point out 指

41、出 point at/to 指着（近物/远物）9. at the top of 在的顶部 move about四处走动10. promise to do sth.答应做某事 He promised to help mise not to do sth. 保证不做某事 Tony promised not to talk in mise +that 从旬:My parents promise that they will buy me a new shirt.11. have a wonderful time 玩得开心、magic land 仙境 square kil

42、ometer 平方公里by_a small lake 在小湖边 wake sb. up唤醒某人12. without doing 没有做 . We came out without making any noise.1.1 It is a pity that+ 从句。真遗憾.It ' s a pity that you have missed the party.14 .walk down the path顺路而下15 .put leaves off plants 从植物扯下叶子16 . the second largest第二大 . （the + 序数词 + 最高级：第几最.）17

43、.fall asleep 入睡M91.重要语法：if/whether引导的宾语从句复合句，if/whether 意为“是否”，用在将.接引语（说话人说得话）为一般疑问句的简单旬转化为间接引修（转述他人的话）的复 基木结构： 主句 +if/whether+宾语丛句 （用陈述语序）（直接引语）“ Are you a teacher? ” he asks.f （间接引语）He asks if/whetheE am a teacher.（直接弓I语） “ Have you finished your home work? ” the teacher asked him. （间接弓 I 语） The t

44、eacher asked if/whethe门 had finished my home work.间接引语也就是if/whether 引导的宾语从句He wants to know if it will rain tomorrow.I don，t know whether he is at home or not.注：if和whether 一般情况下可以互换使用，但如下情况，不能用if,只能用whether:在动词不定式之前只能用 whetherI don't know whether to accept or refuse（拒绝）.在whether ornot 的固定搭配中。Let

45、 me know whether you can come or not.在介词后,只能用 whether。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whetherWhethe门t is true or not, I can't tell.用if会引起歧义时，只用 whether。如用whether可避免歧义。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（what/where/when/which/why/how/how many）基本结构：中旬+特殊疑问词+宾语从何（用陈述语序）直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单旬转化为间接引语复合句

46、时,用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词,但后面需改为陈述句，即陈述语序。（直引） " What' s your name? ” Mr. Li asks me.（问弓D Mr. Li asks what my name is.（直引）“ Why did he ask for help? ” he asked.（问弓 I） He asked why he asked for help.问引即为特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。Where does he come from? I don ' t know.（合并句子）I don ' t know where he comes fr

47、om.（合并后，原来的特殊疑问句充当宾语从句，故要改为陈述句，因为它不再是问句了）How can I get there? Can you tell me?（合并句子）Can you tell me how I can get there?（解析同上）注：if/whether 和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句，主句和从句的时态与that引导的宾语从句复合句一样，需注意主从句时态的变化。2. mention sth. to sb. 向某人提及某事3. take a message (for sb.) :(为某人)捎口信4. 打电话用语： Who s calling?=Who ' s th

48、at speaking? 你是哪位?Is that （ speaking）?你是吗?This is speaking.我是Could/May I speak to？我可以和.说话吗?5. have a problem with sb.和某人之间出了问题6.get separated 分开7. explain sth. to sb.向某人解析某事 Please explain the meaning to me.explain +疑问词 +不定式：Could you explain how to do it well?explain +宾语从旬： Could you explain what h

49、appened then?8. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 He refused to help me.9. feel/be sure of .对有把握10. regret to do sth. 遗憾地（要）做某事（还未做）regret-regretted二regrettedI regretted scloding him the other day.我后悔几天前责备过他regret doingsth后悔做过某事（已经做过了）I reget to tell you that you are dismissed.我遗憾地告诉你：你被开除了。11. be patient with sb.对某人耐心12. introduce A to B:把 A 介绍给 B （认识）13. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事My parents always encourage me to study hard.14 . have a hard time过的艰难；遇到麻烦15 .从句中某些特殊疑问词的另义：wha