高中英语主谓一致讲解

1、2021/3/261主主 谓谓 一一 致致2021/3/262主谓一致考点主谓一致考点2021/3/2632021/3/264原原 则则l1. 语法一致原则l2. 意义一致原则l3. 就近一致原则2021/3/265语法详解语法详解: : 所谓主谓一致是指所谓主谓一致是指主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之之间间, ,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。谓语动词对应的形式。2021/3/266一一. 语法语法l定义定义:主语主语是单数是单数,谓语也是单数谓语也是单数, 主语是复数谓语也是复数主语是复数谓语也是复数.l1. 非谓语动词做主语lTo see i

2、s to believe.lAsking costs nothing.lLying and stealing are immoral.2021/3/267（2)用用and 连接的并列主语连接的并列主语,如果主语是一个人如果主语是一个人,同同一事一事,同一抽象概念同一抽象概念,且且and后名词无冠词后名词无冠词,谓语动词谓语动词用用_,如如:The writer and singer _ coming tomorrow. 否则用复数。否则用复数。(1)以以“and ”或或“both and”连接的并列主语连接的并列主语,通常作通常作_用用 。有些有些and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个连接的成

3、对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体整体,如如: bread and butter, knife and fork, whisky and soda(威士忌加苏打水威士忌加苏打水),steel and ironis 单数单数复数复数2021/3/268(3)Every and (every), each and (each) , no and (no) , many a and (many a)连接两个单数名词作主语以及连接两个单数名词作主语以及more than one.和和many a.作主语时作主语时,谓语动谓语动词都用词都用_.语法一致语法一致Eg: Every desk and every

4、chair _made of wood. Many a boy and (many a) girl _made the same mistake单数单数ishas2021/3/269语法一致语法一致(4) “a / an + 单名单名+ and a half”, “one and a half +复名复名” 常接常接_谓语谓语; A year and a half _passed .One and a half bananas_left on the desk.hasis单数单数2021/3/2610(5) 不定代词不定代词each, either, neither, another, the

5、 other 等作主语通常用等作主语通常用_谓语动词谓语动词; 其中其中, each of + 复数代词复数代词,谓语动用谓语动用_。复数。复数代词代词+each,谓语动词用谓语动词用_。如。如 语法一致语法一致Each of us _a dictionary.We each _a dictionary.hashave单数单数单数单数复数复数2021/3/26111.Serving the people _ my great happiness.2. When well go out for an outing _ decided.3. To get the most profits _ th

6、e common aim of businessmen.（6）不定式（短语）不定式（短语）,动名词（短语）或从句动名词（短语）或从句作主语时作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用_,如如:ishas beenis单数单数2021/3/2612 语法一致语法一致(7)当主语与谓语之间插有当主语与谓语之间插有with, along with, together with, as well as; but, except, besides, other than; rather than; like; including 等引起的短语时等引起的短语时,谓语动词不受这些插入谓语动词不受这些插入语的影响语的影响

7、,依然与依然与_保持一致保持一致主语主语2021/3/2613The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:2021/3/2614Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _

8、a teacher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know2021/3/2615主谓一致主要有以下几种情况主谓一致主要有以下几种情况:1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下谓语动词有以下两种两种情况情况:(1) He and she _both students of

9、this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上如果指两个或两个以上不同的不同的人或事物的时人或事物的时候候,谓语动词用复数。谓语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则are2021/3/2616(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同同一个人或物一个人或物, 或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的时候的时候, 谓语要用谓语要用单数单数。 2021/3/2617 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。那个歌唱家兼

10、舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。 isis2021/3/26181.either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主在句子中连接主语的时候或者在语的时候或者在there be句型中句型中,谓语谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。动词要和就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则二、就近原则Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the tab

11、le.2021/3/2619l2. l1) Every and (every) l2) each and (each) l3)no and (no), l4) many a and (many a)连接两个连接两个单数名词作主语单数名词作主语,谓语用单数。谓语用单数。 l Every desk and every chair is made of wood. l Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake. 2021/3/2620l3. one/every one /each/either/ the number+of +复数名词作主复数名词作主

12、语语,l Each of the students has a book. 谓语用单数。谓语用单数。2021/3/2621Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 2021/3/2622三、概念一致原则三、概念一致原则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而而是其是其实际意义实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上有的主语名词在形式上是单数是单数, 但在意义上却是复数但在意义上却是复数;有的主语有的主语名词在形式上是复数名词在

13、形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是但在意义上却是单数单数。2021/3/26231. 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。 are is2021/3/2624None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。 is is

14、2021/3/26252. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语谓语动词与动词与of后面的名词后面的名词保持一致。保持一致。2021/3/2626Half of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the stu

15、dents in ourschool _boys. 我们学校我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare2021/3/26273. 集合名词作主语集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数动词可用单数, 也可也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调强调整体整体谓语动词用单数谓语动词用单数;指指全体人员全体人员时时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。2021/3/2628His family

16、 _going out. 他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are 2021/3/26295. 复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单单数数,如如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。Noth

17、ing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。2021/3/2630(一一).就前一致就前一致: (即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致即谓语动词与前面的中心词一致) + + 名词名词 B 这样的结构做主语这样的结构做主语,谓语动词仅与谓语动词仅与 A 一致一致。 1.Mary, together with her parents, _ (去过去过) the Summer Palace twice. 2.The teacher as well as her students _ fond of popular music very much. 3. A

18、ll but Tom _(know) the truth so far.with; together with; along withbut; except; besides including; as well as; in addition tonot; rather than; like.has been to- is- have known-2021/3/2631 4.He, rather than you, _ (应受责备)(二二).就后一致就后一致: (即谓语动词与后面的中心词一致即谓语动词与后面的中心词一致) + 名词名词 作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词取决于后面名词的数谓语动词取

19、决于后面名词的数 1.One third of the students in our class _ girls. 2.Seventy percent of the surface of the earth _ covered with / by water. 分数分数 + of ; 百分数百分数 + of some of ; part of ; half of ; most of ; the rest of ; . is to blame - are- is-2021/3/26323.Half of the project _ (complete) in the past two mont

20、hs.4.Some students are studying in the classroom, while the rest _ enjoying the performances. (三三) 就近一致就近一致: 连接的词作连接的词作 主语主语,谓语谓语 动词与最邻动词与最邻 近的主语一近的主语一 致致 or eitheror neither.nor not onlybut also not but There be has been completed- are2021/3/2633 1._ you or he to attend tomorrows meeting? 2.Either

21、you or he _ mistaken. 3.Neither Mary nor her parents _ in for rock music. 4.There _ a pen and some books on the table. Are is go is2021/3/2634(六六) 分两种情况对比掌握分两种情况对比掌握: 1.集合名词如集合名词如 family, team, class, group, population 作主语作主语, 如果作为一个整体看待如果作为一个整体看待, 谓语用单数谓语用单数. 如果指集体里每一个成员如果指集体里每一个成员,谓语用复数谓语用复数. 1.Ou

22、r class _ a big one. Our class _ fond of music. is are2021/3/2635 2. The population of China _ far larger than that of Japan. Eighty percent of the population in China _ farmers.2. 单复数同形的词如单复数同形的词如 sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means(方法方法,手段手段), works(著作著作, 工厂工厂) 作主语作主语, 谓语动词应根据上下文取谓语动词应根据上下文取决单复数

23、决单复数. 1.Every means _ been tried to solve the problem. All means _ been tried to solve the problem. is are has have2021/3/2636 2.There _ a newly- built chemical works.3.一些总是以复数出现一些总是以复数出现, 成双成对的事物如成双成对的事物如 trousers, shoes, glasses, gloves 等等 如果单独出现如果单独出现, 谓语用复数谓语用复数, 如果前面有如果前面有 a / this / that pair

24、of 修饰修饰, 谓语用单数谓语用单数. 1.The trousers _ mine. 2.This pair of trousers _ mine.is/ stands are is2021/3/2637l类似地类似地: Apples of this kind _ (sell) well. This kind of apples _(sell) well. sellsells -2021/3/2638 4. 1. A number of people _(own) cars now. 2.The number of people who own cars _ (increase) every

25、 year. 5. 1.The aged _ being cared for in the community. 2.The beautiful _ not always good. 6. 1. A singer and dancer _ been invited to the party. 2. A singer and a dancer _ been invited to the party. own is increasing are is has have2021/3/26397. Tom is one of who _ fired by the company last week.

26、Tom is one of the workers who _ fired by the company last week.8. A large quantity of water _ wasted every year. Large quantities of water _ wasted every year. were was is are2021/3/26409. 下列句子有什么特点下列句子有什么特点? 1. What we need _ hard work. What we need _ suitable materials. 2. Such _ what he told me.

27、Such _ his words. 3. The following _ his advice on learning English. The following _ some tips to learn English. is are waswere is are2021/3/26411. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 2. A library with five thousand books _to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered3. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. ar