普通话第二节 元音

1、第二节第二节 元音元音一、一、元音分类元音分类（Classification of VowelsClassification of Vowels）元音又称母音，发音时气流通畅，不受阻碍，声带震动。（一）单元音（一）单元音（MonophthongsMonophthongs）单元音只由一个元音音素构成，发音时舌位、唇形、开口度始终不变。单元音发音时可按舌面隆起的位置分为前元音，后元音和中元音三类。1. 1. 前元音前元音（Front Vowels）：/i:/ / /e/ /发前元音时舌的最高点在口腔的前部。2. 2. 中元音中元音（Central Vowels）: /:/ / 发中元音时舌的最高点

2、在口腔的中部。3.3.后元音后元音（Back Vowels）: /u:/ / /:/ / / /a:/ 发后元音时，舌的最高点在口腔的后部。注：有些语音学家将/ 归为中元音。（二）双元音（二）双元音 (Diphthongs)(Diphthongs)双元音由两个元音音素组成，发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动。双元音根据口型变化可分为合口双元音和集合双元音。1. 合口双元音（Rising Diphthongs）: /e/ / /a/ /a/ /双元音的第二组成部分为合口音/ 或 / 。2. 集合双元音（Centering Diphthongs）: / /e/ /双元音的第二组成部分为/。 二、发音

3、规则二、发音规则(一) 单元音1.前元音前元音/i/ /i:/唇形：扁平 齿距：一个火柴棍舌位：抵下齿练习练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词 be /bi/2. me /mi/3. we /wi/4. he /hi/5. she /i/6. free /fri/7. tree /tri/8. three /ri/ 9.please/pliz/10. reason / rizn/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. a team leader2. the Chinese people3. a real secret4. a League meeting5. the East Sea Fleet6. a

4、 piece of lean meat三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. I see what you mean.2. Seeing is believing.3. Please feel free to call me.4. Have a sweet dream.5. See you later!6. Oh, I see.7. Good evening!8. Nice to meet you.9. Do you happen to see the key on the seat?10. The food here doesnt seem to agree with me./唇形：扁平齿距：一个小指

5、尖舌位：抵下齿, 舌身比/i/稍低练习练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. it /t/2. sit /st/3. big /b/4. kiss /ks/5. miss /ms/6. fill /fl/7. city / st/8. pretty / prt/9. busy / bz/10.ill /il/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. a big city2. a bit chilly3. fix it4. pretty busy5. finish it6. little by little三、对比三、对比/i/ 和和/1. feel-fill/fil/- /fl/2. heel-hill

6、/hil/- /hl/3. eel-ill/il/- /il/4. seek-sick/sik/- /sk/5. read-rid/rid/- /rd/6. green-grin/rin/- /rn/7. cheek-chick/tik/- /tk/8. eat-it/it/- /it/9. seen-sin/sin/- /sn/10. sleep-slip/slip/- /slp/四、朗读句子四、朗读句子1. Its a little bit difficult. 2. Business is business.3. Who is it?4. This is a small gift, I

7、hope you like it.5. Please read it.6. Keep it a secret between you and me.7. Its a deal.8. Dont cry over spilt milk.9. Sit down, please. 10. Give me a minute. /e/唇形：中常齿距：一个食指舌位：抵下齿, 但舌位比/ i/低练习练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. get /et/2.neck /nek/3. dead /ded/4. gentle / dentl/5. yellow / jel/6. pen /pen/7. next

8、 /nekst/ 8. many / meni/9. egg /e/10. question / kwestn /二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. very well2. get ready3. the next sentence4. my best friend5. wet with sweat6. fresh and energetic三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. Welcome!2. Better late than never.3. When is the deadline?4. All is well that ends well. 5. Never let your parents d

9、own.6. East or west, home is best.7. Well, lets get everything ready. 8. Its my pleasure.9. This is their red letter day. 10. So many men, so many minds. /唇形：向两边平伸齿距：食指加中指尖舌位：轻触下齿， 但舌位比/ e/更低 练习练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词 fat /ft/2. bad /bd/3. fact /fkt/4. man /mn/5. thank /k/6. happy / hpi /7. marry/ mri/8.

10、 matter / mt/9. natural / ntrl/10.absent / bsnt/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. a black cat2. a mad man3. a happy family4. as soon as5. as a matter of fact6. hand in hand三、对比三、对比/e/ 和和/1. beg-bag/be/- /b/2. guess-gas/es/- /s/3. met-mat/met/- /mt/4. bed-bad/bed/- /bd/5. lend-land/lend/- /lnd/6. send-sand/send/- /snd/

11、7. pen-pan/pen/- /pn/8. peck-pack/pek/- /pk/9. hem-ham/hem/- /hm/10. led-lad/led/- /ld/四、朗读句子四、朗读句子1. A fact is a fact.2. Fancy that!3. Dont let the cat out of the bag. 4. Handsome is as handsome does.5. The cat catches a fat rat. 6. That man had a bad habit.7. What daddy said made me sad.8. Glad to

12、 meet you, Mary.9. Hes very happy to receive a letter.10. I like the red apple. 前元音小结：前元音小结：/i:/ / /e/ /1. 舌尖要抵住下齿。2. 舌前部要向硬腭抬起,但舌位逐渐降低。3. 口形扁平,但依次变宽。4. 每个音的唇形保持不变。2. 2. 中元音中元音/:/ 唇形：扁唇，呈微笑状齿距：一个食指舌位：稍稍离开下齿龈后缘练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. her /h(r)/ 2.sir / s:(r) 3. word / w: (r)d/ 4. girl / g: (r)l/5. hurt

13、/ h: (r)t/ 6. bird / b: (r)d/7. early / : (r)li / 8. certain / s: (r)tn/9.term / t: (r)m/ 10. perfect /p: (r)fkt/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1.the first term2. learn the word3. a dirty shirt4. a nervous nurse5. her third birthday6. perfect service三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. First come, first served!2. The early bird catches the

14、 worm.3. Certainly!4. Workers of the world, unite!5. Im learning to put first things first.6. The girl gave her a purse.7. There are thirty thirsty birds.8. My sister prefers a purple skirt. 9. Ive never heard anything worse than this.10. Please turn to page thirty and read the first dialogue./唇形：略略

15、开口，唇形自然齿距：一个食指舌位：离开下齿龈上部， 舌中部比发/ / /音时略低练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1.agree / gri:/ 2. ahead / hed/ 3. asleep / sli:p/4. abroad / br:d/5. attend / tend/ 6. teacher / ti:t(r) / 7. fever/ fi:v(r)/8. never/ nev(r)/9. sugar / g(r)/10. other / (r)/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. along the river2. never forget3. the doctors daughte

16、r4. brothers and sisters5. among the workers6.after supper三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1.Youd better come over now.2.There is an eraser under the computer.3. Nobody is perfect.4. Whats the matter with you?5. Dont bother me!6. Id rather be a teacher than an actor.7. Her younger brother is a doctor.8. Youd better do i

17、t faster.9. Give me some butter and sugar.10. Their performance at the concert was better than ever. 四、朗读绕口令四、朗读绕口令Betty Botter bought some butter，But she said，the butters bitterIf I put it in my batter，it will make my batter bitterBut a bit of better butter，will make my batter betterSo she bought a

18、 bit of butter，better than her bitter butterAnd she put it in her batter，and the batter was not bitterSo it was better Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter中元音小结：中元音小结：/:/ / 1. 舌尖要抵住下齿,但不如发前元音时抵得那么紧。 2. 舌面最高点在舌的中部。3. 唇向两边稍稍平伸。3. 3. 后元音后元音/u:/ 唇形：双唇收圆,极小而圆齿距：牙床接近全合舌位：完全离开牙齿练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. t

19、oo / tu:/ 2. do / du:/3. who / hu:/4. soon /su:n/5. cool /ku:l/ 6. duty / dju:ti/7. student / stju:dnt/8. music / mju:zk/9. opportunity /ptju:nti/ 10. university /ju:nv:sti/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. a new school2. beautiful music3. too soon4. fruit juice5. choose two6. a revolutionary movement三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. Th

20、ats cool!2. Soon it will be June.3. Give two true tools to the troops.4. Fruit makes your skin smooth.5. Who can tell me the truth?6. Soon my dream will come true.7. Choose either boots or shoes.8. See a movie at noon. 9. Its too good to be true.10. What do you choose to do this afternoon? / 唇形：双唇收圆

21、,稍突出齿距：牙床半合舌位：离开下齿，在下齿根部练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. put /pt/2. foot /ft/3. would /wd/4. should /d/ 5. could /kd/6. good /gd/ 7. woman / wmn/8. cook /kk/9. sugar / g(r)/10. pull /pl/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. looks good2. a good book3. a good-looking woman4. book a room5. push the butcher6. by hook or by crook三、对比三、对比/

22、u/u/ / 和和/ / /1. pool-pull/pul/- /pl/2. fool -full/ful/- /fl/3. food-foot/fud/- /ft/4. wooed-wood/wud/- /wd/5. stool-stood /stul/- /std/6. boot-book/but/-/bk/四、朗读句子四、朗读句子1. You look good today.2. This is a very good book about rooms.3. Good afternoon!4. My goodness! 5. Goodbye and good luck.6. Look

23、at the woman. Isnt she good-looking?7. Would you marry me?8. Yes, I do. 9. Could you put me through to the sales department?10. Good cookies could be cooked by a good cook，if a good cook could cook good cookies/ 唇形：双唇收小而圆.齿距：一个食指舌位：抵下齿龈下软组织练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. saw /s:/2. law /l:/3. talk /t:k/4. lord

24、 /l:d/5. horse /h:s/6. born /b:n/7. story / st:ri/8. water / w:t(r) /9. forty / f:ti / 10. always / :lwez /二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. all thoughts2. from door to door3.on the fourth floor4. walk and talk5.morning call6. daughter- in-law三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. Pride goes before a fall.2. Its not your fault.3. I already t

25、alked to them all.4. Shes already gone.5. Paul walked down the hall.6. George saw a saw hanging on the wall.7. He was born on August the fourth. 8. Four eyes see more than two.9. Your daughter who is tall has bought four balls.10. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasnt the thought I th

26、ought I thought. If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought, I wouldnt have thought so much. / 唇形：双唇稍收圆,不突出齿距：食指中指横叠舌位：抵下齿龈下软组织练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. God /gd/2. what /wt/3. sorry / sri/4.smog /smg/ 5. long /l/6. top /tp/ 7. watch /wt/8. popcorn / ppk:n/9. copy / kpi/10. tomorrow

27、 /tmr/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. a soft song2. a popular opera3. a coffee shop4. a lot in common5. got a job6. quality and quantity三、对比三、对比/ / / 和和/ / /1. awed-odd /:d/- /d/2. cork-cock/k:k/- /kk/3. chalk-chock/t:k/- /tk/4. dawn-don/d:n/- /dn/5. stalk-stock/st:k/- /stk/6. caught-cot/k:t/- /kt/7. naught-not/n:t/

28、- /nt/8. forks-fox/f:ks/- /fks/9. sport-spot/sp:t/- /spt/10. short-shot/:t/- /t/四、朗读句子四、朗读句子1. The clock has stopped.2. Copy the song, its not long.3. Get lost!4. Barking dogs do not bite.5. Look at the frog on the log.6. The coffee is of top quality.7. Do what you want.8. My God! I forgot to lock t

29、he locker.9. Could you possibly help me solve the problem?10. Sorry to bother you, but I want to take a day off tomorrow./ 唇形：稍扁齿距：大拇指横度舌位：轻触下齿根练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. up /p/ 2. tough /tf/3. thus /s/4. such /st/5. none /nn/ 6. cover / kv(r)/7. double / dbl/8. money / mni/9. love /lv/ 10. dove /dv/二、朗读短

30、语二、朗读短语1. much money2. some honey3. trust us4. hurry up5. just for fun6. blood for blood三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. I love you so much!2. She loves nothing but money.3. Im just lucky.4. Hurry up, here comes the bus.5. One is my lucky number.6. Its enough!7. Its fun to run and jump in the sun. 8. Its Sunday, but

31、you must get up now. 9. Dont trouble troubles until trouble troubles you. 10. You must come to have supper with us and join the fun./a:/ 唇形：口张大 齿距：最大舌位：离开下齿，下齿龈后缘练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. arm /:m/ 2. class /kl:s/3. chance /t:ns/4.drama / dr:m/ 5. after / :ft(r)/ 6.market / m:kt/7. rather / r:(r)/8. party

32、 / p:ti/9. demand /dm:nd/10. command /km:nd/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. a large parcel2. a basket of bananas3. half past one4. rather fast5. master of arts6. the garden park三、对比三、对比/ / / 和和/: :/ /1. cup- carp /kp/- /k:p/2. hut- heart/ht/- /h:t/3. bun- barn/bn/- /b:n/4. much- march/mt/- /m:t/5. cut- cart/kt/- /k:

33、t/6. luck- lark/lk/- /l:k/四、朗读句子四、朗读句子1. Work hard and play hard.2. Its hard to start the car.3. Smoking does harm to the heart.4.I parked my car outside the supermarket.5. He laughs best who laughs last.6.Carl will be in charge of the department.7. Pardon me!8. The park is far from the farm.9. A la

34、rge army marched past the farmyard. 10. You cant use your charge card in the bar.后元音小结：后元音小结：/u:/ / /:/ / / /a:/ 1. 舌尖不接触下齿，舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起(但不接触)。 2. /u:/ / /:/ / 都是圆唇音，舌位逐个降低,口形逐个增大。( (二二) ) 双元音双元音1. 合口双元音合口双元音/e/ 发音：从 /e/ 向 / 滑动/e/发得清楚响亮,/发得模糊短促唇形：扁平舌位：由低到高练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. way /we/ 2. date /det/

35、3. wait /wet/4. change /tend/5. baby / bebi / 6. lady / ledi/7. today /t de/8. plane / plen/9. game /gem/ 10. late /let/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. May Day2. face to face3. make way4. break away5. a great change6. a railway station三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. No pains, no gains.2. Call a spade a spade.3. A penny saved is a pe

36、nny gained.4. Haste makes waste. 5. Stay away from me.6. I feel the same way.7. Lets take a break. 8. Its the pay day today.9. Dont make the same mistake. 10. The train was delayed by the rain./ 发音：从 / 向 / 滑动，/发得响亮,/ 发得模糊短促唇形：从扁平到略圆舌位：由低到高练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. go /g/2. so /s/ 3. though / 4. no /n/ 5.

37、 home /hm/6. soul /sli/ 7. load /ld/ 8. phone /fn/ 9. note /nt/ 10. oh /二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. go home 2. so cold3. old folks4. those clothes5. shoulder to shoulder6. hope so三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. Oh, dont go home alone.2. How old hes grown!3. Show me your notes.4. I know what you know.5. Nobody knows his own fate.

38、6. As you sow you shall mow.7. All roads lead to Rome. 8. Id like to propose a toast.9. Little strokes fall great oaks. 10. A rolling stone gathers no moss./a/ 发音：从 /a/向/滑动，/a/发得清楚响亮，/发得模糊短促唇形：扁平，由大到小舌位：由低到高练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. eye /ai/2. die /da/3. why /wa/4. life /laf/5. ice /as/6. size /saz/ 7. f

39、ly /fla/8. try /tra/9. neither / na(r)/ 10. final / fanl/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. my eyes2. five bikes3. why sigh4. high time5. time and tide6. right side三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. Five times five is twenty-five. 2. Something has got into my right eye.3. Hes behind the times.4. Mike tried five times to get the prize. 5.

40、I like the Chinese lifestyle.6. Strike while the iron is hot.7. Let by-gones be by-gones.8. Great minds think alike.9. Mike likes to write by the nice light at night.10. Life is all about trying to make up your mind./a/ 发音：从/a/ 滑向/，/a/发得响亮，/发得短促唇形：由扁平到圆形，由小到大舌位 ：由低到高练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. now /na/2. o

41、ut /at/3. mouth /ma/ 4. doubt /dat/5. down /dan/6. sound /sand/ 7. about /bat/ 8. flour / fla(r)/9.house /has/ 10. account /kant/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. down town2. a brown tower3. found a cow4. a thousand mountains5. bow down6. around the house三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. Get out of my house now. 2. Now write it down.3.

42、Now teach me how to plough.4. Open your mouth and round your lips.5. I have doubts about the account. 6. How about going down town now?7. Im very proud of you!8. Theres no doubt about it.9. He finally found out how much the house would cost.10. He shouted louder and louder to the crowd gathered arou

43、nd. /发音：从/向/滑动,/发得清楚响亮，/发得模糊短促唇形：由圆形变成扁平舌位：由低到高练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. boy /b/2. joy /d/3. voice /vs/4. choice /ts/5. noise /nz/6. loyal / ll/ 7. royal / rl/8.oyster / st(r)/9.join /dn/ 10. spoil /spl/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. the boys toy2. toil on the soil3. the voice of joy4. boil the oil5. loyal and royal6. t

44、he noise of the coins三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. Get to the point!2. A spoiled boy destroyed a toy for joy.3. I want to buy a toy for Roy.4. She was disappointed with her employees.5. Come and enjoy the oyster.6. The smell of oil is most annoying.7. Let us join hands in friendship. 8. Join our game, and youll en

45、joy it.9. I want some oil, some oysters, and some boiled eggs.10. Its a joy to watch the boy playing with his toy.2. 2. 集合双元音集合双元音/ 发音：由/很快滑向/，/发得清楚响亮，/发得短促唇形：由扁平到自然舌位：由高到低练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. ear /2. tear /t/3. dear /d/4. cheer /t/5. sheer /6. really /rl/ 7. idea /ad/8. superior/su:pr/9. sincere /s

46、ns/ 10. experience /ksprns/二、朗读短语二、朗读短语1. near the beer2. hear the deer3. a clear idea4. a sincere tear5. a period of fear6. serious and mysterious三、朗读句子三、朗读句子1. I fear he cant hear me clearly.2. Dear, dear, beer is really dear.3. Shes really dearer than a dear.4. We are near the end of the year.5. Do you live near here?6. What a weird thing to hear!7. The atmosphere here is very clear.8. My dear, dry your tears.9. He sneered at her queer behavior. 10. The audience cheered and cried: “Hear, hear!” /e/ 发音：由/e/很快滑向/， 发/e/时舌尖靠近下齿 唇形：由扁平到自然舌位：由低到高练习一、朗读下列单词一、朗读下列单词1. air /e/2. pear /pe