Robert Frost 及其诗三首的介绍分析

1、Robert FrostI.Biographical Introduction born in San Francisco in 1874. his mother brought him to New England at his eleven, with which his poetry has always been associated. After graduating from high school in 1892, Frost entered Dartmouth College but soon left to work at old jobs and to write poet

2、ry. In 1897, he was accepted as a special student by Harvard but withdrew after two years because of his increasing dislike for academic convention. For the next twelve years, Frost made a minimal living by teaching and farming while continuing to write his poems. In 1912, he and his family moved to

3、 England, where he found a publisher for his first book of verse, A boys will (1913). Determined to win recognition in his native land, Frost returned to the US and settled on a farm in his native land. By the end of his life he had become a national poet; he received honorary degrees from forty-fou

4、r colleges and universities and won four Pulitzer Prizes; the United States senate passed resolutions honoring his birthdays and when he was eighty-seven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy.II. Main WorksA Boys Will 1913 North of Boston, 1914 Mountain Interval, 1916 N

5、ew Hampshire 1923 Collected Poems 1930 A Further Range 1936 A Witness Tree 1942 III. Frosts View and Theme His poetry concerns New Englands nature. He saw nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol, so his concern with nature reflected deep moral uncertainties. His poetry often probes mysterious o

6、f darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe. The quest of the solitary person to make sense of the world has become the central theme of all Frosts collections and made his poetry among the most accessible of modern writers. The poetry of Robert Frost

7、combined pastoral imagery with solitary philosophical themes.IV. Frosts Style rejected the revolutionary poetic principles of his contemporaries, used traditional forms such as the blank verse, plain language of rural New Englanders, and a graceful style. there is a steady tone of wry humor, and a v

8、irtually inexhaustible verbal grace. He used symbols from everyday country life to express his deep ideas. As a whole, Frosts art is an act of clarification, which, without simplifying the truth, renders it in some degree accessible to everyone.Fire and IceFire and Ice (火与冰火与冰)Some say the world wil

9、l end in fire, Some say in ice. From what Ive tasted of desireI hold with those who favor fire.But if it had to perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo know that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice.有人说世界将结束于熊熊烈焰， 有人则说结束于凛凛寒冰。 欲望如火，体会其烈， 则知世之归于火为我所愿。 但若其必两度遭逢毁灭， 我知恨之极至， 必然明了，毁灭之冰

10、， 同样魁伟， 同样顺人心意。Publication Fire and Ice first appeared in the December 1920 issue of Harpers. In 1923, it appeared in New Hampshire, a collection of Frosts poems published in New York. Figures of Speech Alliteration Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. I hold with those who favor fi

11、re. Anaphora (首语重复) Some say the world will end in fire, Some say in ice. Paradox But if it had to perish twiceDantes Influence Frost derived inspiration for Fire and Ice from Inferno(地狱), one of the three divisions of Dantes monumental epic poem, The Divine Comedy(神曲). In Inferno, Dante and his gui

12、de, the Latin poet Virgil, witness the punishment of souls in hell, constructed in nine circlesone atop the otherin the shape of a cone. Those who committed sins of desire, such as lust and greed, suffer the pain of fire and other tortures. (Lines 3 and 4). These sinners are confined in the upper ci

13、rcles. Those who committed the sin of betrayal are confined to the bottom circle, the ninth, in a frozen lake. Among them are Judas and Satan. Frosts poem substitutes hatred for betrayal as the cardinal offense that entombs souls in everlasting ice. (Lines 6-9) Frosts poem contains nine lines, an ap

14、parent representation of the nine circles of Dantes hell. Theme The central theme of Fire and Ice is that human emotions are destructive when allowed to run amok. They can destroy a person morally, mentally and physically. Not frequently, unbridled emotionssuch as those of Adolf Hitlercan destroy en

15、tire countries and even threaten to destroy civilization itself. Fire & Ice 1. Desire love & Hatred 2. Emotion & Reason 3. Religion & Science .Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his

16、woods fill up with snow.这是谁家的林子，我想我知道，这是谁家的林子，我想我知道，虽说他的农舍在村子那一头，虽说他的农舍在村子那一头，他不会却看到我停留在这儿，他不会却看到我停留在这儿，望着他的林子积雪有多厚。望着他的林子积雪有多厚。Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening雪夜林边小驻雪夜林边小驻 My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening

17、of the year. 我那小马一定会感到奇怪：我那小马一定会感到奇怪：停留在这儿？又没村舍在邻近停留在这儿？又没村舍在邻近夹在一座森林和一片冰湖之间，夹在一座森林和一片冰湖之间，在这一年中最昏暗的黄昏。在这一年中最昏暗的黄昏。 He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sounds the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. 他把他胸前的挂铃一摇，他把他胸前的挂铃一摇，想问问到底有没有弄错路线。想问问到底有没有弄错路线。此外只听得一

18、阵微风吹过，此外只听得一阵微风吹过，和一阵鹅毛似的雪片卷过和一阵鹅毛似的雪片卷过。 The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep. And miles to go before I sleep. 树林真可爱，幽暗而深远。树林真可爱，幽暗而深远。可是我还得赶赴约会，可是我还得赶赴约会，还得赶好几里路才能安睡，还得赶好几里路才能安睡，还得赶好几里路才能安睡。还得赶好几里路才能安睡。Background This poem was written in

19、1922 by Robert Frost, and published in 1923 in his New Hampshire volume. Frost wrote this poem about winter in June, 1922. He had been up the entire night writing the long poem New Hampshire and had finally finished when he realized morning had come. He went out to view the sunrise and suddenly got

20、the idea for Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening. He wrote the new poem in just a few minutes and later stated that It was as if Id had a hallucination. This was Frosts favorite of his own poems and in a letter to Louis Untermeyer he called it my best bid for remembrance. Symbols Promises our respo

21、nsibilities that we must fulfill. Miles - experience we must travel through before death Sleep - death Village - human world The owner - human order from which the speaker is shortly separatedTheme The poem is primarily oriented towards the pleasure of the scene and the responsibilities of life. The

22、 strange attraction of death to man is symbolized by the dark woods silently filled up with the coldness of snow. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life, an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative agains

23、t the chaotic existence of modern people. The Road Not TakenRobert ForestBackground The Road Not Taken is a poem by Robert Frost, published in 1916 in the collection Mountain Interval; it is the first poem in the volume and is printed in italics. The title is often mistakenly given as The Road Less

24、Traveled, from the penultimate line: I took the one less traveled by.Rhyme This poem consists of four stanzas of five lines. The rhyme scheme is ABAAB. the rhymes are strict and masculine, with notable exception of the last line. There are four stressed syllables each line, varying on iambic(抑扬格，指由一

25、短一长或一轻一重的两音节组成的音步）tetrameter (四步抑扬格) base.Two Different Interpretations The poem has two recognized interpretations; one is a more literal interpretation, while the other is more ironic. Literal interpretation According to the literal (and more common) interpretation, the poem is inspirational, a pa

26、ean（赞美歌） to individualism and non-conformism（不墨守成规）. Ironic interpretation The ironic interpretation, widely held by critics, is that the poem is instead about regret and personal myth-making, rationalizing our decisions. The Road Not Taken Two roads diverged in a yellow wood And sorry I could not t

27、ravel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth Then took the other, as just as fair And having perhaps the better claim Because it was grassy and wanted wear Though as for that the passing there Had worn them really about the sa

28、me 黄色的树林里分出两条路黄色的树林里分出两条路 可惜我不能同时去涉足可惜我不能同时去涉足 我在那路口久久伫立我在那路口久久伫立 我向着一条路极目望去我向着一条路极目望去 但我却选择了另外一条路但我却选择了另外一条路 它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂它荒草萋萋，十分幽寂 显得更诱人，更美丽显得更诱人，更美丽 虽然在这两条小路上虽然在这两条小路上 都很少留下旅人的足迹都很少留下旅人的足迹 虽然那天清晨落叶满地虽然那天清晨落叶满地 And both that morning equally lay In leaves no step had trodden black Oh, I kept the firs

29、t for another day Yet knowing how way leads on to way I doubted if I should ever come back /I shall be telling this with a sigh Somewhere ages and ages hence Two roads diverged in a wood and II took the one less traveled by And that has made all the difference 两条路都未经脚印污染两条路都未经脚印污染 呵，留下一条路等改日再见呵，留下一条

30、路等改日再见 但我知道路径延绵无尽头但我知道路径延绵无尽头 恐怕我难以再回返恐怕我难以再回返 也许多少年后在某一个地方也许多少年后在某一个地方 我将轻声叹息把往事回顾我将轻声叹息把往事回顾 一片森林里分出两条路一片森林里分出两条路 而我却选择了人迹更少的一条而我却选择了人迹更少的一条 从此决定了我一生的道路从此决定了我一生的道路. Literary Devices Metaphor The poem revolves around the metaphor comparing the decisions we make on the journey of life to a fork in t

31、he road. Just as we must decide which road to take when traveling in order to arrive at a location, we must make decisions in life that will greatly impact our destination. Literary Devices Symbolism “Yellow” - The yellow coloring of the woods is representative of the light, hope, and promise that t

32、he speaker is standing before. His future is bright and stretches before him. Though both paths are equally lit, he must choose only one. “Woods” - The poem is set in the woods because we get an image of a quiet, deserted place where the speaker is left alone to decide. There are no road signs or pe

33、ople to stop and ask for directions. Similarly, there are no signs in life designed to help people choose their path. “Roads” - The roads are symbolic of the paths we take in life. Every road leads to a specific place and the nature of ones destination depends entirely on the decisions that are made

34、. We dont just arrive at a location; we make a series of choices that lead us there. Theme The poem has been and continues to be used as an inspirational poem, one that to the undiscerning eye seems to be encouraging self-reliance, not following where others have led. But a close reading of the poem

35、 proves otherwise. It does not moralize about choice; it simply says that choice is inevitable, but you never know what your choice will mean until you have lived it.A Tricky Poem Frost claims that he wrote this poem about his friend Edward Thomas, with whom he had walked many times in the woods nea

36、r London. Frost has said that while walking they would come to different paths and after choosing one, Thomas would always fret wondering what they might have missed by not taking the other path. About the poem, Frost asserted, You have to be careful of that one; its a tricky poem - very tricky.Firs

37、t Stanza Describes Situation The poem consists of four stanzas. In the first stanza, the speaker describes his position. He has been out walking the woods and comes to two roads, and he stands looking as far down each one as he can see. He would like to try out both, but doubts he could to that, so

38、therefore he continues to look down the roads for a long time trying to make his decision about which road to take.Second Stanza Decides to Take Less-Traveled Road The speaker had looked down the first one “to where it bent in the undergrowth,” and in the second stanza, he reports that he decided to

39、 take the other path, because it seemed to have less traffic than the first. But then he goes on to say that they actually were very similarly worn. The second one that he took seems less traveled, but as he thinks about it, he realizes that they were “really about the same.”Third Stanza Continues Description of Roa