膀胱癌的淋巴引流

1、DJ2011-8-12the fourth most common malignancyarise from the epithelial surface or any of the various layers of the bladder wall.Infiltrating way： mass lateral wall tentaculate .Superficial adventitia origin 进行性向粘膜层、肌层浸润 任何一站都可能转移到局部淋巴结或远隔区域Jade J. Wong-YouCheong , Paula J. Woodward ,Maria A. Manning

2、, etc.al . Neoplasms of the Urinary Bladder-Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation . RadioGraphics 2006; 26:553580Jonathan Sleemana, Anja Schmid,Wilko Thiele , Tumor lymphatics , Seminars in Cancer Biology (2009) 285297Benoit Lengel, Pierre Scalliet . Anatomical bases for the radiological delineation of

3、lymph node areas . Part III: Pelvis and lower limbs . Radiotherapy and Oncology 92 (2009) 2233Beat Roth, Fiona C. Burkhard , The Role of Lymphadenectomy in Radical Cystectomy . European Urology supplements(2010) 1924Maurizio Buscarini , David Y. Josephson John P. Stein Lymphadenectomy in Bladder Can

4、cer: A Review Urol Int 2007;79:191199Advanced bladder cancer（T3、T4 ） obturator (74%) external iliac (65%) common iliac （19%） abdominal bifurcation artery to SMA lymph node are the most common metastatic目前临床治疗方式Amnon Vazina , Daniel Dugi , Shahrokh F. Shariat etc.al . Stage Specific Lymph Node Metastasis Mapping in Radical Cystectomy Specimens . Urology , 2004 Vol. 171, 18301834;Colm J. McMahon , Neil M. Rofsky ,Ivan Pedrosa , Lymphatic Metastases from Pelvic Tumors: Anatomic Classifi cation, Characterizati