汉英翻译应符合英语表达习惯

1、汉英翻译应符合英语表达习惯汉英翻译应符合英语表达习惯 汉英翻译应符合英语表达习惯 汉英翻译应符合英语表达习惯摘要:汉英翻译并非词与词、句与句的简单对等,而是反映学生理解和承受意义的思维过程。汉英语族的思维习惯不同,因此表达习惯也不同。有些句子翻译成英语后可能完全符合语法形式,但假设仔细体会,却可反映汉英思维方式和表达习惯的不同。关键词:汉英翻译表达习惯在2001 年全国暑期英汉翻译高级研讨讲习班上,清华大学的王宁教授认为:“翻译如今正经历一种转折:附属于语言学层面的字面移译逐步转向文化层面的阐释和再现。英汉翻译如此,汉英翻译也是一样。它并非词与词、句与句的简单对等,而是反映学生理解和承受意义的

2、思维过程。一个种族的表达习惯是长期思维习惯的结果。汉英语族的思维习惯不同,因此表达习惯也不同,这是造成中国式英语的重要原因。在翻译过程中不能只拘泥于句子的语法形式而忽略表达习惯。因为有些句子翻译成英语后可能完全符合语法形式,但假设仔细体会,却可反映汉英思维方式和表达习惯的不同。一、汉语先表达某件事情,再表达自己的感觉。而英语通常先说出感觉再叙事。1、答不出这个问题,我觉得很难堪。汉语表达习惯(以下简称汉) :Because I couldntanswer this question , I felt ashamed.英语表达习惯(以下简称英) : I felt ashamed of notbe

3、ing able to answer the question.2、玛俐没有被邀请,所以很绝望。汉:Because she was not invited ,Mary was disappointed.英:Mary was disappointed that she was not in vited.3、他这样对待我,我很生气。汉:The way he treated me made me angry.英: I was angry at the way he treated me.二、和对于英语语族的人来说,汉语族人喜欢用动词表达自己,而英语族人注重抽象思维,常化动为静。名词化是英语语言的一个

4、重要特征。1、因为有桩生意要做,所以我进城了。汉:Because I had some business , I went to town.英:Business took me to town2、我们经常在家和地铁站之间来往。汉:We usually walk to or from subway.英:Our usual walk was to or from the subway.3、参观了位于茂物的国家博物馆和植物园后,我们就完毕了这次的旅程。汉:After we visited the National Museum and the Botanical Gardens at Bogor ,

5、 we completed our tour.英:The National Museum and the Botanical Gardens atBogor completed our visit.三、汉语中经常会看到无主句,而英语强调以主体为中心。因此,翻译时应添加必要的主体词。1、没有良好的习惯,就不能在英语上获得很大的进步。Without good habit , you cant make a great progress inEnglish.2、当时几乎不可能回到那家旅馆。It was impossible to return to that hotel at that time四、

6、汉语中经常主客体交融,而英语中事物所属关系明晰。1、这两幢楼的外表很相似。汉:These two buildings appearances are similar.英: These two buildings are similar in appearance toeach other.2、孩子们的岁数从5 岁到7 岁不等。汉:The childrens age range from 5 to 7.英:The childrens range in age from 5 to 7.五、汉语句式描绘在前总结在后,而翻译成英语后变成总结在前,描绘在后。1、居然还有学生在考试之前踢足球,这似乎令人难

7、以置信。汉:There were some students still playing football beforeexam. This seemed incredible. 英: It seemed incredible that some students still playedfootball before exam.2、拳击尚未开始,对手就成心认输了,这还是第一次。汉:Before the bout began the fighter was to take a dive.This Was the first time.英: It was the first time the f

8、ighter was takena dive evenbefore the bout began.六、汉语的句式中,指代词通常指代前面所提到的名词,而英语句式那么不然。1、当约翰18 岁的时候,他的第一本书就发表了。汉:When John was 18 ,he had his first book published.英:When he was 18 , John had his first book published.2、在约翰写的?安康?一书中,他指出安康是一个人将来成功的根底。汉:On Johns book?On Health?, he points out thathealth is the foundation of ones future success.英:On his book?On Health?,John points out that healthis the foundation of ones future success.种种迹象外表说明,只是追求外表形式的对应而忽略英文表达习惯,学生的思维是不可能跳出底层次的语