高中英语 词汇解析 Module 5　The Great Sports Personality教学素材 外研版必修5

1、要点解读一、词汇详解1.include vt. 包括;包含;将某人(算在内)【典型例句】 My job doesnt include making coffee for the boss!给老板冲咖啡不在我的工作范围内。There are six of us,or seven if you include the dog.我们有六个人，或者说七个，如果你把狗也算在内的话。The rich man invited many people to dinner,including some children.那位富人邀请了许多人赴宴，包括一些孩子。She bought her son some to

2、ys,a model plane included.她给她的儿子买了很多玩具，包括一个飞机模型。【知识小结】 include一般用作及物动词，后接名词或动名词作宾语。include的分词短语常用作状语，区别在于现在分词including多置于名词、代词之前，而过去分词included则多置于名词、代词之后。We all went out,me included/including me.包括我在内，我们都出去了。【相关链接】 include和contain有什么区别?这两个词都有“包括”的意思，include一般指包括整体中的某一部分，作为一部分、成分或成员而包括，算进去、纳入或包括进一个组织

3、、阶层或整体:常用其现在分词形式表示解释性说明。contain既可指包括全部，也可指包括一部分，更具体地说，contain 指一个较大事物中所容纳的分离部分，有封闭于一个整体的感觉。能够容纳，以为组成部分；包括或由构成。例如:The health club includes a gym,swimming pool,and locker room.健身俱乐部包括体操房、游泳池和更衣室。This bottle contains two glasses of beer.这个瓶子装了两杯啤酒。活学巧用选择(1)The book _ forty maps,_ three of Great Britain

4、.A.contains;includesB.contains;includingC.includes;contains D.includes;containing提示：句意:这本书中有四十幅地图,其中包括三幅英国地图。including 为动词的现在分词，与主语是主谓关系。答案：B(2)The parcel _a lot of things,_a second-hand dictionary.A.contained;includedB.contained;including C.included;containedD.included;containing答案：B翻译句子(3)碗里装有各种水果

5、。_(4)至少有20个人在爆炸中丧生，其中包括两名儿童。_(5)中国饮食含有大量的水果和蔬菜。_答案：(3)The bowl contains a variety of fruit.(4)At least twenty people were killed in the explosion,including two children.(5)The Chinese diet contains a lot of fruit and vegetables.2.advantage n. 有利条件；优点【典型例句】 He has the advantage of a good education.他具

6、有受过良好教育的优点。This locomotive has many advantages.这台机车有许多优点。Studying English has many advantages.学习英语有许多好处。【相关链接】 gain (get) an advantage over sb. 胜过某人weigh advantages and disadvantages 权衡利弊take an/the advantage of sb./sth. 趁机；利用；欺骗(或愚弄)某人例如:Peter took advantage of his visit to Paris to improve his Fre

7、nch.彼得利用访问巴黎之机提高法语。This failure may be turned to our advantage.也许可以把这次失败变成对我们有利的事情。选择(1)He _her kindness and borrows her bike too much.A.gains advantage overB.takes advantage ofC.has the advantage ofD.turns the advantage of提示：takes advantage of her kindness“利用她的好心肠”。答案：B(2)_Johns ignorance,the deale

8、r sold him a worthless car.A.Takes advantage ofB.Using the advantage ofC.Taking advantage ofD.With the advantage of提示：takes advantage of Johns ignorance“利用约翰的无知”,在此为现在分词引导的方式状语。答案：C3.guarantee n.C (制品等的) 保证;保证书vt. 保证;约定【典型例句】 This car has a six-month guarantee for all repairs.这部车子可以保修六个月。Wealth is n

9、o guarantee of happiness.财富并非幸福的保证。I wouldnt guarantee its success.我不敢保证它会成功。Will you guarantee us regular employment?=Will you guarantee regular employment of us?你愿意保证定期雇用我们吗?【相关链接】 辨析guarantee与assure:同:两者意思相近，且都可以后接sb.，sth.和that从句作宾语。异:assure可后接sb. of sth.，意思是:使确信；向保证；向(人)保证（）,担保（of）。另外，assure用作及物

10、动词时，在句式I (can) you中,与主要句子并列或当插入语用，意思是“保证,确实”。例如:I can assure you that he is sincere.我可以向你保证他是诚恳的。I assure you Ill be back at three.我向你担保我三点一定回到这儿。I can assure you of his sincerity.我可以向你保证他的诚恳。I was unable to assure her of my feelings.我没能使她明白我的感情。This novel is very interesting,I assure you.这部小说确实有趣。翻

11、译句子(1)他给予我工作的保证。_(2)我确信他安然无恙。_答案：(1)He gave me a guarantee to provide a job.(2)I assured myself of his safety.完成句子(3)他提供自己的房子作为担保。He put up his house as a _.(4)这只手表保用五年。This watch is _for five years.(5)我无法使她相信我没做那件事。I was unable to _her that I didnt do that.答案：(3)guarantee(4)guaranteed(5)assure选择(6)

12、He _ himself that all the doors and windows were locked.A.sured B.assuredC.guarantedD.insured提示：句意:他确定所有门窗都上了锁。答案：B4.increase n.增大；增多；扩充；增长v.增加；增多；扩大【典型例句】 The technical cooperation and cultural exchanges between the two countries are daily on the increase.两国之间的技术合作和文化交流正在与日俱增。There has been an incr

13、ease in prices.物价上涨了。My weight showed an increase of 5 pounds in a month.我一个月胖了五磅。His fear increased at every step.每向前走一步，他的恐惧就增加一分。The number of students has increased since last year.去年以来学生的人数增加了。【知识小结】 on the increase正在增长an/the increase in(of)(方面的)增长an increase in numbers 增加数量选择(1)Cinema attendan

14、ces are distinctly _the increase.A.ofB.inC.onD.with提示：be on the increase正在增长。句意:电影观众在明显地增加。答案：C(2)There is _in population _the earth every year.A.increasing;onB.a increase;ofC.an increase;for D.an increase;on提示：increase in“在某一方面有所增长”；on the earth为固定短语。句意:地球上的人口在急骤增加。答案：D5.more than不仅仅是;不只是【典型例句】 My

15、trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.我去北京不仅仅是观光。His report lasted more than three hours.他的报告长达三个多小时。The boy is more than polite.这男孩很有礼貌。What he did more than surprised me.他做的事使我非常吃惊。Thats more than I can do.那是我力所不能及的。【知识小结】 more than 可以看作一个固定词组,后面可跟名词(或动名词)、动词、形容词和从句等。由于后面所接形式不同,more than 的用法和译法

16、也不相同。(1)more than+名词(动名词) 意为“不仅仅是,不只是”。(2)more than+数词,意为“超过,以上”。(3)more than+形容词,意为“非常,很”。(4)more than+动词,意为“非常,多”。(5)more than+从句,意为“超出某人力量、知识等的范围”。【相关链接】 辨析more than/more.than/no more than/not more than/no more.than/not more.than:(1)more.than 这种结构是对于不同的人或物的同一性质或方面的比较。常见的用法有: “比更(形容词和副词的比较级)”。例如:H

17、e works more and better than he used to.他比过去工作得更多更好。“与其说不如说”，例如:I was more sorry than angry at what happened.与其说我对发生的事感到气愤,不如说感到遗憾。(2)no more than+基数词,意为“不过、仅仅、只有”,相当于only,表示只这么多,有少的含义。The park is no more than one kilometre from our school.We can walk there.公园离我们学校只有一千米,我们可以走路去。(3)not more than+基数词,

18、意为“至多,不超过(也许还不到)”,相当于at most,只是一般地指出数量或程度,没有多或少的感情色彩。Not more than twelve students have seen the film.至多十二个同学看过这部电影。(也许还不到)(4)no more.than 的意为“同一样不(两件事物比较时,否定两方面)；不超过”。例如:You are no more capable of speaking Chinese than I am.你我都不会说汉语。(5)not more.than 的意为“比不上,不及”,在两件事物比较时,二者都有某种特性,但程度不同,其中一件比不上另一件,但两

19、者都是肯定的。例如:Im not more busy than you.=Im less busy than you.我没有你那么忙。选词填空用more.than,no more.than 以及not more.than 填空:(1)Mr.Li is _ a professor;he is also a famous scientist.(2)As I had _ five dollars with me,I couldnt afford the new jacket then.(3)He had to work at the age of _twelve.(4)There were _ te

20、n chairs in the room.However,the number of the children is twelve.(5)If you tell your father what youve done,hell be _ angry.(6)What did you think of this novel? I was disappointed to find it _ interesting _that one.(7)Is the flower beautiful? Yes,but I think it is _ beautiful _ the one I bought yes

21、terday.答案： (1)more than(2)no more than(3)not more than/no more than(4)no more than(5)more than(6)no more.than(7) not more.than选择(8)What made the school proud was that _ 90of the students had been admitted to key universities.A.thanB.less thanC.more thanD.no more than提示：句意:使这个学校感到自豪的是超过90%的学生考入了重点大学。

22、答案：C(9)That company was _ willing to provide us with what we needed,which made us excited.A.no more thanB.more than C.no other thanD.too much提示：no more than “仅仅,一样不”；more than “不只是，不仅仅”；no other than “不是别的，正是”；too much “太多”。所以选项B符合语境逻辑。答案：B6.unless除非；如果不 【典型例句】 My new-born nephew never cries unless

23、he is hungry.我刚出生的侄子除非饿了，他是从来不哭的。Dont come unless I tell you to come.如果我不叫你来，你就别来。【相关链接】 unless用作从属连词，引导条件状语从句，可放在句首，亦可置于句中。unless引导从句时，如果从句的谓语动词与主句谓语动词为同一动作发出者，且从句中含有系动词，则从句主语和系动词都可以省略。例如:A tiger cannot be tamed unless (it is)caught young.老虎除非在幼时捉到，否则就不易驯养。单句改错(1)I shall not go there tomorrow unles

24、s Im too busy.(2)If he studies hard,he will never pass the examination.(3)If dont you go with me,I shall not go.(4)He wont win unless hard he tries.(5)I wont go to his party unless inviting me.答案：(1)去掉not(2)IfUnless(3)dont放在you的后面(4)unlesshowever(5)inviting meinvited7.ever since 自从以来【典型例句】 He has ke

25、pt up his study ever since the year 1980.自从1980年以来他一直坚持学习。Ever since then,he comes out only at night.从那以后，他只在夜间出来。【知识小结】 ever since作为一个连词词组，后面可以接事件或句子，主句的时态多用完成时。【相关链接】 辨析ever since/since/since then/long since:since adv. 从那时以来；在现在以前I saw him in June,but we havent met since.我在六月见到过他，从那以后我们未见过面。since

26、then 从那时起一直It is about a year since then.从那时到现在已有一年了。long since“自以来；很早以前，很久以来”。例如:I first met him long since.我在很久以前第一次见到他。选择(1)His first book was a great success and he _ famous as a writer since.A.had beenB.has beenC.wasD.were提示：句意:他的第一本书取得了巨大成功，自从那时起他就成了一位著名的作家。“成为著名作家”为一直延续到现在的事情。答案：B(2)His fathe

27、r died in a car accident and he was not himself _.A.ever sinceB.sinceC.since thenD.long since提示：“他父亲死于一场车祸,从那以后他一蹶不振”,since then符合句意。答案：C8.happen to发生；碰巧【典型例句】 Something has happened to the train.车出事故了。I happened to meet him on the street.我碰巧在街上碰到他了。He happened not to be at home.他刚好不在家。【知识小结】 happen

28、 to经常用于以下两种情形下:一是作“发生”讲，此时to为介词，后接名词或代词作宾语；另一种含义为“碰巧”，此时to为不定式符号，其后接动词原形。这个短语的否定形式需要注意，为happen not to.。单句改错(1)The accident was happened in the morning when people were on the way to work.(2)I happened to going that way too.(3)Then,what did happened to him?答案：(1)去掉was(2)to后加上be(3)去掉test v. 反对

29、；抗议；抱怨；郑重声明；言明【典型例句】 The workers protested about their pay.工人们就他们的工资问题提出抗议。We protested strongly against such barbarous aggression.我们强烈抗议这种野蛮的侵略行为。There was a large crowd in the square,protesting the war.在广场上一大群人反对战争。【相关链接】 (1)除了动词的用法外，protest还可以用作名词，意思是“抗议；反对”。例如:The ambassador made a protest under

30、 the instructions from his government.奉本国政府的指示，大使提出了抗议。(2)辨析protest/object/disapprove:protest经常与at或against连用，后跟动名词或名词作宾语；object后常接介词to或者that引导的宾语从句，意思是“反对；不喜欢”。例如:She protested strongly at being called a snob.她极力反对别人说她势利眼。He did not object to explaining a problem over and again. 他不反对一遍又一遍地解释那个问题。He

31、objected that I was not careful enough.他提出了反对的理由，说我不够谨慎。disapprove意思比较接近于protest,但是语气较弱，意思是“不答应，不赞成”。Our plan was disapproved.我们的计划遭到反对。完成句子(1)Do you _of smoking?你不赞成抽烟吗？(2)He _that he had never been there.他坚持说他从未到过那里。(3)I _to that question being asked.我反对提出那个问题。答案：(1)disapprove(2)protested(3)object

32、选择(4)He stood up angrily and _ in strong language when they stated their views.A.objectedB.announcedC.declaredD.said提示：announce,declare和say均为及物动词，只有objected可作不及物动词。答案：A(5)The students _treated like children.A.objected to being B.protested to be C.disapproved to beingD.objected to be提示：学生们反对像对孩子似的对待他

33、们。句中的to为介词,而且treat与the students为逻辑上的被动关系。答案：A10.declare vt. 宣布；宣告；声明【典型例句】 The city officials declared a state of emergency.城市当局宣布该城处于紧急状态。He declared himself (to be) a member of their party.他声称他本人是他们党中一员。The Chinese Government declares that China will never be a superpower.中国政府声明中国将永远不做超级大国。【知识小结】

34、declare为及物动词，经常后接sth.作宾语，有些时候也用于“declare+sb. (to be)+形容词/介词短语”，或者declare that等几种结构中。【相关链接】 declare against (for).反对(赞成)的声明declare off 宣布作罢declare oneself 发表意见；表明态度、身份The people declared against being ruled by a King.人民宣布反对国王的统治。We declared for the government.我们声明拥护政府。The basketball match was declared off.篮球赛取消了。I declared myself against the plan.我声明我反对此项计划。英汉互译(1)他们对我们宣战。_(2)他们已经宣布讲和。_(3)He declared th