Language_points_必修3第4单元语法

1、人教课标人教课标 高一高一 必修必修 1 Unit 4Unit 4 Earthquakes1. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.right away: at once; in no time; immediatelyright now: at this very momentMake up your mind _.Ill return the book _.right nowright away3. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. smelly adj

2、. 发臭的发臭的 smell + y = adj. wind-windy dream-dreamy ice-icy health - healthy wealth - wealthy wind - windy smell n./v (smelt/smelled) They were all hungry and the food _ good. I can _something burning in the kitchen. Please throw the _ fish away.smeltsmellsmelly2. In the city, the water pipes in some

3、buildings cracked and burst. 【寓词于境寓词于境】 阅读下列句子，并试着阅读下列句子，并试着总总结结burst在句中的词性、含义及用法。在句中的词性、含义及用法。1) The pipes had burst and the house was under two feet of water.2) The police burst into the room and took the young man away. 3) Hearing the news, the woman burst into laughter.5) There was a burst of la

4、ughter in the next room. 4) She burst out crying for no reason, which surprised us.burst作作 _ 词，意思是词，意思是 _；burst into + a room, building, etc. 闯入，闯入，突然破门而入突然破门而入 burst into + n. 突然爆发，突然爆发，突然突然起来；起来；burst out doing突然突然burst作作 _ 词，意思是词，意思是 _（句（句5），还可指），还可指“爆裂；破裂之处，裂口爆裂；破裂之处，裂口”。动动爆裂爆裂, 突然突然名名突然一阵突然一阵He

5、 burst into laughter.= He burst out laughing.He burst into tears.= He burst out crying.用用burst或其短语的适当形式填空。或其短语的适当形式填空。 1) The plane crashed and _ flames.2) The dam _ because of the heavy rain.3) It looked as if Kate was about to _ _ tears.4) Everyone was quiet when John suddenly _ laughing.burst out

6、burst intoburstburstinto5. event 名词名词, 意为意为“(重要的、不同寻常重要的、不同寻常 的的)事件事件”。如。如： Leaving home was a major event in his life. This is one of the most important events in the history of mankind. event 意思还有意思还有“(事先安排好的事先安排好的) 演出演出, 赛事赛事, 聚会聚会”, “(体育比赛的体育比赛的)运动项目运动项目”等。如：等。如： The meeting was an important soc

7、ial event. The 800 metres is not his best event.event构成的常用短语有：构成的常用短语有： in any/either event = at all events不管怎样不管怎样, 无论如何；无论如何；in the event 结果结果, 到头来；到头来；in the event of sth/in the event that 万一万一, 假如发生假如发生的情况；的情况；field event 田赛项目田赛项目track event 径赛项目径赛项目three-day event 三日马术赛。如：三日马术赛。如：In any event,

8、the worst that she can do is to say “NO”.In the event of rain, the party will be held indoors.Lily didnt like Tom, but in the event she married him.He leaves a letter for me to read in the event that he will die.6. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 1) as if as if 在表语从句中相当于在表语从句中相当于that: It se

9、emed as if the meeting would never end. 看起来会议没完没了。看起来会议没完没了。It seemed as if the world was at an end!= It seemed that the world was at an end! as if 似乎似乎, 好像好像 = as though She spoke to me as if she knew me. 她和我说话的神情她和我说话的神情, 好像她早就好像她早就 认识我似的。认识我似的。 as if 后还可跟名词、形容词、不定式后还可跟名词、形容词、不定式 等。如等。如: He acts a

10、s if (he was) a fool. She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry. Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something.用动词的适当形式填空。用动词的适当形式填空。It looks as if it _ (be) going to rain.He talks as if he _ (know) where she is.The girl listened as if she _ (turn) to stone. is/wereknowshad been

11、 turned2) at an end 意为意为“结束结束”。如。如：The war was at an end.I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.end用作名词构成的短语用作名词构成的短语:at the end (of) 在在末尾末尾by the end of 到到为止为止in the end 最后最后, 终于终于come to an end 完结完结at the end of 用于表示具体事物或场所用于表示具体事物或场所的场合的场合, 它也可以用来表示比喻意它也可以用来表示比喻意; by the end of 用于表示

12、时间的场合到用于表示时间的场合到结束的时候结束的时候, 用于过去完成时态用于过去完成时态; in the end 意思意思“最后、终于最后、终于”。 用用end构成的短语填空。构成的短语填空。The cold weather at last stopped_ March.Our hunt for a cheaper but largerhouse is at last _.If you go on with work, youll succeed _.How many English words had you learned _ last term?at the end ofat an en

13、din the endby the end of4. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.lie (lay, lain): to be, remain or be kept in a certain statein ruins: severely damaged or destroyed 成废墟成废墟, 垮掉垮掉, 毁灭毁灭The company is facing ruin. The house has fallen into ruin.Smoking ruined his health.吸烟毁了他的健康。吸烟毁了他的健

14、康。She ruined his prospects.她毁了他的前途。她毁了他的前途。ruin 用作名词用作名词, 构成的常见短语有：构成的常见短语有： be on the road to ruin 正在走向毁灭、正在走向毁灭、be the ruin of 使使破产、身体垮掉、破产、身体垮掉、 名誉扫地名誉扫地be/lie in ruins 变成废墟变成废墟go to ruin = fall into ruin 衰落衰落, 败落败落 如如:The company cannot pay its bills and is on the road to ruin.Drinking was the r

15、uin of him.He had let the farm go to ruin.ruin还可作动词还可作动词, 意为意为“毁坏毁坏, 毁掉毁掉”，ruined作形容词时作形容词时, 只用在名词前，只用在名词前，意为意为“毁坏的毁坏的, 破败不堪的破败不堪的”。如：。如：This illness has ruined his life.The rain ruined my painting.When we got there, we saw a ruined castle. damage 指部分指部分“损坏损坏”、“损害损害”、“破坏破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可或指使用价值有所降低。它可

16、以用作动词以用作动词, 也可以用作名词也可以用作名词, 用作名词用作名词时常与时常与 to something 连用。连用。e.g. The accident did a lot of damage to his car. 辨析辨析: damage, ruin, destroy destroy 只能用作动词只能用作动词, 指彻底破坏指彻底破坏, 以以致不可能修复致不可能修复, 常作常作“破坏破坏”、“毁灭毁灭”解解, 也可以指希望、计划等打破。也可以指希望、计划等打破。e.g. The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town. ruin指对物体或生

17、命彻底的破坏，但指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打往往是非暴力的，也往往不是一次的打击结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物击结果，常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。的破坏。e.g. The fire ruined the house. n. injury adj. injured the injured 伤者伤者, 伤员伤员an injured look/expression 委屈的样子委屈的样子/表情表情injured pride/feelings 受到伤害的自尊、情感受到伤害的自尊、情感He suffered serious injuries to the arms

18、 and legs.Many of the injured are still in a serious condition.injure: to hurt oneself/sb./sth. physicallyinjurehurtwound 三者都可表示三者都可表示受伤，伤害。受伤，伤害。injure 一般是指一般是指在事故中受伤，在事故中受伤，往往意为往往意为“外外伤伤”。 wound 一般指外伤，一般指外伤，如刀伤、枪伤等，尤如刀伤、枪伤等，尤其指在战争中，打斗其指在战争中，打斗中受伤。中受伤。hurt 可指对身体上的可指对身体上的伤害，也指对心灵造伤害，也指对心灵造成的伤害。成的伤害。

19、Their criticisms _ him deeply.Smoking will _ his health.He was slightly _ in the car accident.He got _ in the fighting.What you said _ my feeling.have hurtinjureinjuredwoundedhurt6. People were shocked.e.g. I was shocked by the way he treated his own mother.I was shocked at her smoking.shock v. （使）震

20、惊，使惊愕（使）震惊，使惊愕e.g. Whoever touches that wire can get badly shocked. e.g. It gave me quite a shock to be told I was seriously ill.shock v. 使受电击使受电击shock n. 震惊震惊e.g. An electric shock can kill you.shock n. 电击电击有类似用法的词有很多，如：有类似用法的词有很多，如：interest, frighten, excite, puzzle, satisfy 等。等。shock 有两种分词转化成的形容词

21、有两种分词转化成的形容词形式：形式：shocking令人震惊的令人震惊的(用来修饰物用来修饰物); shocked震惊的震惊的(用来修饰人用来修饰人)。 5. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.More than 61% of the surface of the earth _ covered by water.Seventy percent of the workers in this factory _ young.以百分数作为主语的，谓语动词是单数以百分数作为主语的，谓语动词是单数还是负数取决于百

22、分数后面跟的名词是还是负数取决于百分数后面跟的名词是可数还是不可数的。可数还是不可数的。isare请根据提示完成下列句子。请根据提示完成下列句子。1) _ (三分之一三分之一) of the students in our class _ (be) girls.2) _ (五分之三五分之三) of the soil _ (wash) away by the flood last night.3) _ (一半一半) of the desks in this school _ (make) in his company.4) _ (大部分的大部分的) of the lecture he made

23、yesterday _ (be) interesting.One-thirdareThree-fifthswas washedHalfare madeMostwas5) _ (数万数万) people _ (dance) in the big square now.6) There were _ (一万一万) students taking part in the exam yesterday.7) _ (百分之九十百分之九十) of the mountain _ (cover) by trees.is coveredTens of thousands ofare dancingten tho

24、usand90% / 90 percent11. trap 1) 做动词做动词 traptrapped-trapped 困住困住, 使陷于困境使陷于困境 如如:1. Theres no way out! Were trapped!2. Julia felt trapped in her role of wife and mother. 诱骗诱骗, 诱使诱使 (trap sb into doing sth)”; 夹住夹住, 压扁压扁; 把把储存储存 如如: I was trapped into telling a lie.2. Take care not to trap your fingers

25、 in the door.3. How can you trap the suns heat?2) trap名词名词, 意为意为“圈套圈套; 陷阱；计谋陷阱；计谋”set/ lay a trap (for)为为设置陷阱设置陷阱fall/walk into a trap 落入圈套落入圈套fall into the trap of doing sthkeep your trap shut不把不把说出去说出去, 不泄密不泄密 1. She felt that marriage was a trap.2. The police set a trap to catch the thief.3. Dont

26、 fall into the trap of investing all your money in one place.4. Just keep your trap shut, and we wont get into trouble.根据括号内的提示完成句子。根据括号内的提示完成句子。1. I knew perfectly well _ (这是一个陷阱这是一个陷阱).2. By clever questioning, they _ (诱使他诱使他) making an agreement.it was a trap trapped him into14. dig out 挖掘挖掘; 发现发

27、现 1. to dig out the trapped miners挖救上来挖救上来2. to dig oneself out of the snow从从中爬出来中爬出来3. We dug out the truth from a mass of information. 从一堆资料中发现了真相。从一堆资料中发现了真相。The dog buried the bone in the ground.I buried myself in my studies.bury oneself in= be buried in devote oneself to= be devoted tobury : A.

28、 to place in the ground B. to occupy (oneself) with deep concentration; absorbshelter n. 庇护所，避难所，遮蔽物庇护所，避难所，遮蔽物 a shelter for the homeless In the storm I took shelter under a tree . v. 庇护，掩蔽，保护庇护，掩蔽，保护 The plants must be sheltered from direct sunlight.fright n.受惊；惊骇受惊；惊骇The loud thunder gave me a fr

29、ight.这声响雷吓了我一大跳。这声响雷吓了我一大跳。frighten vt.吓唬；使惊惧吓唬；使惊惧He was frightened of the fierce dog.他让这只凶猛的狗吓怕了。他让这只凶猛的狗吓怕了。frightened adj.受惊的受惊的, 受恐吓的受恐吓的 to be frightened of the dark 怕黑怕黑frightening adj.令人恐惧的令人恐惧的a number of 修饰可数名词的复数修饰可数名词的复数, number 前可用前可用large, small, good, certain, great等修饰词。当它修饰等修饰词。当它修饰主

30、语时主语时, 谓语动词用复数。注意谓语动词用复数。注意:the number of 意为意为“的数量的数量, 数目数目”, 当它与后面的名词连用时当它与后面的名词连用时, 中心词是中心词是the number, 做主语时谓语用单数。做主语时谓语用单数。辨析辨析: a (great) number of; a great deal of; a lot of; plenty ofa (great) number of 修饰可数名词修饰可数名词, 跟复数形式跟复数形式; a great deal of 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词; a lot of 后面既可以加可数名词后面既可以加可数名词, 也可

31、以也可以加不可数名词加不可数名词; plenty of 后面既可以加可数名词后面既可以加可数名词, 也可以也可以加不可数名词。加不可数名词。6. judge n. 评委、裁判员、法官评委、裁判员、法官 He was a poor judge of man. 他看人的能力很差。他看人的能力很差。 The prisoner was taken to the judge. 他被带到了法官那儿。他被带到了法官那儿。 v. 断定、判断、判决断定、判断、判决 A blind man cannot judge colors. 盲人不能判断颜色。盲人不能判断颜色。 翻译翻译: 不要以貌取人。不要以貌取人。 D

32、ont judge a man by his appearance.1. Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.1) shake : vi /vt (shook, shaken) cause to move to and fro shake hands with sb shake ones head over/at sthe.g. The whole house shook during the explosion. The explosion shook the house.Language Po

33、ints2. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. rise (rose, risen) vi go up; get higher; (of the sun, moon, stars, etc.) come above the horizon; stand up, get out of bed The flood has risen two feet. She usually rises early in the morning.rise: 升起升起; 上升上升; 上涨上涨 (不能

34、用于被动语态不能用于被动语态)raise: 举起举起; 使升起使升起; 提高提高 (可用于被动语态可用于被动语态)He _from his chair when the doorbell rang.Her job is _ chickens.Her temperature is still _.He _ in rank recently.roseraisingrisinghas risen12. People began to _ how long the disaster would last.wonder : v. 1) to have a feeling of surprise.2) t

35、o be filled with curiosity or doubt.n. one that arouses astonishment, surprise; admirationIt is no wonder (that)= No wonder (that)wonder-Tom often works deep into the night every day.-No wonder he always gets first in the examinations.13. All hope was not lost.allnot = not all; some but not all Not

36、all the children are left. (= Only some of them left early.)Not all the children are noisy.(= Some of the children are not noisy.) none of . None of us were allowed to go there.None of these reports is very helpful.1. invitation n. 邀请邀请invite v. a letter of invitation 一封邀请信一封邀请信2. give a speech 作报告作

37、报告/演讲演讲 3. Office of the City Government 市政府办公室市政府办公室 Words &. Expressions4. be pleased to do sth 愿意愿意/高兴高兴/乐于做某事乐于做某事5. the speaking competition 演讲比赛演讲比赛= be glad/happy to do7. be proud of you 以以而感自豪而感自豪I am proud of you.8. honour n./v. 荣誉、尊敬、敬意、荣誉、尊敬、敬意、纪念纪念我们应该尊敬父母。我们应该尊敬父母。We should honour o

38、ur parents. = We should show honour to our parents. honour sb. / sth. 尊重某人尊重某人/事事 show honour to sb. / sth. in honour of 为了纪念为了纪念这纪念碑是为纪念在战争中死去的战士这纪念碑是为纪念在战争中死去的战士而立的。而立的。The monument was built in honor of the dead in the war.9. have sb. do sth (主动主动) have sb. doing sth (主动主动/持续持续) have sth/sb done

39、(被动被动) I wont have you say such words. He had us laughing all through lunch. I will have my hair cut tomorrow.10. as you know 如你所知如你所知11. on that special day 在那个特殊的日子在那个特殊的日子9. write an article for 为为写文章写文章10. write an outline 写提纲写提纲11. disaster-hit areas 受灾区受灾区1. The sound of planes could be heard

40、outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. 这是一个复合句。主句是这是一个复合句。主句是 _ _ _，outside the city of Tangshan在主句中作地点状语，在主句中作地点状语，_引导时间状语从句。引导时间状语从句。 The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshanwhen【翻译翻译】 即使天空没有飞机，在唐山市即使天空没有飞机，在唐山市城外也可以听到飞机声。城外也可以听到飞机声。【仿写仿写】 即使事情老是不如

41、意，我的同即使事情老是不如意，我的同桌也从未放弃。桌也从未放弃。_My desk-mate never gives up even when things keep going badly.2. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. 这是一个复合句。句子的主干是这是一个复合句。句子的主干是_。_引导非限制引导非限制性定语从句，修饰性定语从句，修饰people。But the one million people we

42、re asleep as usual that nightwho【翻译翻译】 但是，唐山市的一百万居民几但是，唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当作一回事，当天乎都没有把这些情况当作一回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。晚上照常睡着了。【仿写仿写】 但是，那位与我素不相识的年但是，那位与我素不相识的年轻人，那天就像我的亲兄弟一样帮助我轻人，那天就像我的亲兄弟一样帮助我摆脱了困境。摆脱了困境。_But the young man, whom I didnt know, helped me out like my own brother that day.3. It seemed as if the w

43、orld was at an end! 这是一个复合句。主句是这是一个复合句。主句是 _，as if 引导表语从句，其后从句中谓语引导表语从句，其后从句中谓语动词常用虚拟语气。动词常用虚拟语气。【翻译翻译】 世界似乎到了末日世界似乎到了末日!【仿写仿写】 这场仗似乎老打不完。这场仗似乎老打不完。_It seemed It seemed as if the fight would never end. 4. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖部队人员组成小分队，将受困的人们挖 出来，将死者掩埋。出来，将死者掩埋。 句子的主干是句子的主干是The army organized teams, to dig out . and to bury . 这两个不定式短这两个不定式短语作目的状语，语作目的状语，who were trapped是定语从是定语从句，修饰句，修饰 _。 those【仿写仿写】 他们种下许多果树，让那些穷他