2020年上海市静安区高考一模英语试题(解析版)

1、n . Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits eac

2、h blank.How Do Avalanches HappenIf you ' re ever skiing in the mountains, you' ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flosnow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche 1(vary) based on many things,but it can be such a huge amount that it can bu

3、ry the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.Avalanches 2 be caused by natural things. For example, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers (诱发因素) can also cause avalanches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives 3

4、(know) to lead to avalanches.Avalanches usually occur during the winter and spring,4 snowfall is greatest. As they aredangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns.Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict - and often

5、prevent - avalanches from 5(occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosivescan be used in places 6 massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don pose a danger ' t to persons or property.When deadly avalanches do occur,

6、 the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. IHIt ' possible to dig out of such avalanches, not all are able to escape.If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself 8 (bury) under many feet of

7、snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and digging 9 farther under the snow rather than to the top!Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche try to dig ar

8、ound you 10 (create) a space for air,so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers.【答案】1. will vary / varies2. can 3. have been known / are known4. when 5. occurring6. with 7. While/Though/Although8

9、. buried 9. themselves10. to create【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了雪崩是怎样发生的及如何在雪崩中逃生。【1题详解】考查时态。句意：雪崩中的雪量因许多因素而不同，但雪量可能非常大，以至于可以将斜坡的底部埋在几十英尺深的雪中。陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是 The amount of snow,谓语动词用第三人称单 数，也可用一般将来时，表示“会、将会"，故填 will vary / varies 。【2题详解】考查情态动词。句意：雪崩可能是自然因素造成的。空后是动词原形，此处需要填情态动词，根据“ Artificialtriggers （诱发

10、因素）can also cause avalanches:'可知此处表示"能、可能",故填 can °【3题详解】考查时态语态。句意：例如，众所周知，雪地车、滑雪者和炸药会导致雪崩。snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives 与know之间是被动关系，陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，也可理解成过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数， 故填have been known / are known。【4题详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：雪崩通常发生在冬季和春季，那时降雪量最大。此处

11、为非限定性定语从句，when。先行词为the winter and spring,指时间，关系词在从句中做时间状语，故填【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：预警信号的存在，使专家能够预测一一并经常防止雪崩的发生。prevent sth fromdoing表示“防止某事发生”，故填 occurring。【6题详解】考查介词。句意：在有大量积雪的地方可以使用炸药来引发较小的雪崩，不会对人或财产造成危险。分析句子结构可知此处填介词，根据句意可知此处表示“具有"，故填 with。【7题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然从雪崩中逃生是可能的，但并不是所有人都能逃脱。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，此

12、处表示“尽管、虽然"，故填 While/Though/Although 。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你被雪崩抛来抛去，发现自己被埋在许多英尺厚的雪下，你可能无法真正知道哪条路是向上的，哪条路是向下的。此处为“find+宾语+宾补”结构，yourself与burry之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做宾语补足语，故填 buried。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：一些雪崩受害者试图挖出他们出路，却发现他们是颠倒的，在雪下挖得更深，而不是在顶部。dig oneself +介词（短语）表示“挖洞使自己:根据«they”可知此处指“他们自己”，故填 themsel

13、ves。【10题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：专家建议，被雪崩困住的人尽量在你周围挖掘，为穹 能更轻松地呼吸。此处表示目的，用不定式做目的状语，故填Section BA. s?cxetLvB. relevan:C. igreemeniD. ested aG. unltxkH. revealedI, withdrawJLseparately |that there is one word more than you need.to cnbox. Each wed only once. NvanoedX. unimagimHori on Fan bDirections: Complete the

14、following passage by using the words inFounding Father of China ' s Nuclear ProgramUnder the terms of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Tready（不扩散核武器条约）,only five countries areconsidered to be “ nuceapon states. " Chinae of them. This military achievement would have been11 without the contribut

15、ion of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of China' s nuclear weapon programs.Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, and received a doctorate in physics two years later. Just nine days after graduation, the then 26-year-old returned to the newly - founded People ' s Republi

16、c of China with12 physics knowledge. He became a research fellow under the leadership of Qian Sanqiang and started histheoretical nuclear research in cooperation with Yu Min.From 1958 on, Deng spent over 20 years working 13 with a team of young scientists on the development of China ' s first at

17、omic and hydrogen bombs. Originally, they were prepared to receive training by experts from the Soviet Union. Soon after, however, the Soviet government tore up its 14 with China and removed all its experts. Deng had to lead the team of 28 members with an average age of 23 on a mission to 15 the mys

18、terious power of atomic physics.There was ridicule （嘲笑）following the 16 of the Soviet experts that China wouldnto buiildt be ableatomic bomb within 20 years. Deng said to his colleagues,“It is in the interest of the Chinese people to develnuclear weapons. We must be willing to be unknown heroes for

19、our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, and it is worth our 17 to this cause. ”As the leader of China ' s atomic bomb design, Deng gave lessons himself and organized a team to translate and study the 18 foreign language materials. In the meantime, he never stopped thinking about the dir

20、ection of atomic bomb development.Following the successful test of the first atomic bomb in 1964, Deng joined the research group led by Yu Min. They immediately started the design of the hydrogen bomb, which was 19 in 1967. From the first atomic bomb to the first hydrogen bomb, China spent only two

21、years and eight months on development.Deng passed away in 1986 because of cancer. In the last month of his life, the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist was 20, and his reputation began to spread throughout China. In 1999, along with 22 otherscientists, he was awarded the special prize

22、 of“ Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Medal" foChinese military science.【答案】11. K12. F13.A14.C15.G16.I17.E18.B19.D20.H【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了“两弹元勋”邓稼先为中国核武器做出的杰出贡献。【 11 题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果没有中国核武器计划的主要组织者邓稼先的贡献，这一军事成就是难以想象的。此处缺少形容词做表语，根据“without the contribution of Deng Jiaxian, a leading organizer of

23、China s nucleaweapon programs. ”可知此处表示“难以想象的”，故填 K。【 12 题详解】考查形容词。句意：刚毕业9 天，当时26 岁的他就带着先进的物理知识回到了新成立的中华人民共和国。修饰名词physics knowledge 用形容词，根据“Deng went to the United States in 1948 for further study, andreceived a doctorate in physics two years later. ”可知此处表示“先进的”，故填 F。【 13 题详解】考查副词。句意：从1958 年开始，邓稼先花了2

24、0 多年的时间与一个年轻科学家团队秘密合作，研制了中国第一颗原子弹和氢弹。修饰动词working 用副词，根据常识可知，在新中国刚刚成立的时候研制核武器是要秘密进行的，此处表示“秘密地”，故填A。【 14 题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，不久之后，苏联政府撕毁了与中国的协议，撤走了所有专家。做动词短语tore up的宾语用名词，根据"removed all its experts”可知此处表示“协议"，故填 C。【 15 题详解】考查动词。句意：为了解开原子物理学的神秘力量，邓稼先不得不带领平均年龄23 岁的 28 人小组执行任务。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，

25、根据" the mysterious power of atomic physics.”可知此处表示“解开”，故填G 。【 16 题详解】考查名词。句意苏联专家走后，有人嘲笑中国在20 年内无法制造原子弹。做following 的宾语用名词，上文说苏联撕毁了协议，从中国撤走了所有的专家，因此此处表示“撤走”，故：故填I。【 17 题详解】考查名词。句意：邓稼先对他的同事们说：“发展核武器符合中国人民的利益，我们必须甘愿做一辈子无名英雄， 值得冒着受苦受难的风险，值得我们为这一事业献身”。 be worth 后接名词或动名词，根据“ We mustbe willing to be un

26、known heroes for our lifetime. It is worth the risk of suffering, ”可知此处表示“献身”，故填E。【 18 题详解】考查形容词。句意： 作为中国原子弹设计的带头人，邓稼先亲自授课，并组织团队翻译学习相关外语材料。修饰名词foreign language materials 用形容词，根据常识可知，中国自己研制原子弹需要参考相关的材料，此处表示“相关的”，故填B 。【 19 题详解】考查动词。句意：他们立即开始设计1967 年试验的氢弹。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据常识可知，中国的第一颗氢弹是1967年试验的，因此此处表示“试验&qu

27、ot;，which指代先行词the hydrogen bomb与之是被动关系，此处需要填过去分词，故填D 。【 20 题详解】考查动词。句意：在他生命的最后一个月，这位伟大科学家28 年的秘密经历被揭露，他的名声开始在中国传播。此处缺少动词做谓语，根据“and his reputation began to spread throughout China. ”可知此处表示“揭露”，the 28-year secret experience of this great scientist与之是被动关系，用的是被动语态，此处填过去分词，故填H。m . Reading Comprehension S

28、ection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is CrucialWith consumers growing increasingly frustrated with on

29、line advertising and privacy concerns, how to you convince shoppers to buy your narrative （叙述）,let alone your product?A recent report by Trust-Radius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors （供应商） ,may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that

30、 it may actually benefit brands to be painfully 21 about their products.Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics （策略）is increasing. 22 according to the reportmost consumers trust online peer 23 as much as recommendations from friends - and well above company advertising message. Feedback f

31、rom everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more 24 than a brand ambassador （大使） from an out-of-reach personality.Transparency （透明度）is crucial The report found that there is a large trust 25 between vendors andbuyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers don' t appear to se

32、e it. During the salesexample, 85 percent of vendors -26 to be open about their product ' s limitations during the sales processbut only 36 percent of buyers share that same view. The reality is, consumers don' t expect any pr（27- they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide op

33、en so that they can 28 the options thatare best for them. They also want brands to be more 29. 66 percent of consumers say they will leave acompany if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an individual.Along with the combination of take news, advertising fraud, and data leaks, ther

34、e have been fake reviews as well. Review sites have been 30 giving preferential （优惠的） treatment to paid advertisers, and consumers are increasingly discerning （有辨另1J力的） ,as a result. 31 , review sites are not our only source of peer reviews, with social media providing customer experiences on a seco

35、nd - to - second basis. When brands treat every 32 with a customer as a potential review, they' ll start paying more attention to deteit tondebivingnal avalued and memorable experience every time. Taking feedback seriously also lets current customers feel valued and respected and makes your busi

36、ness seem more approachable. This helps secure 33, and often, these customers will become brand ambassadors to their friends, family and people they meet online.The challenge for brands today is determining how to use the 34 of the consumer to their advantage. In anage of cutting - edge technology,

37、artificial intelligence, and self- service customer care, it' s odd to acknowledge thatthe best way to build trust with your customers is by holding an open 35 with your customers. Being more human, transparent, and listening to what people are saying will see your company thrive in an era marke

38、d by consumer suspicion.21. A.nervousB.honestC.carefulD.particular22. A.InsteadB.OtherwiseC.MoreoverD.However23. A.reviewsB.reactionsC.experiencesD.instructions24. A.weightB.risksC.warningsD.burdens25. A.relationshipB.influenceC.gapD.extension26. A.refuseB.hesitateC.desireD.claim27. A.advancedB.perf

39、ectC.remarkableD.unique28. A.considerB.offerC.selectD.exercise29. A.efficientB.profitableC.humanD.responsible30 A.associated withB.mistaken byC.praised asD.criticized for31. A.On the contraryB.In factC.By contrastD.In a word32. A.cooperationB.complaintC.interactionD.appointment33. A.safetyB.loyaltyC

40、.convenienceD.employment34. A.moneyB.choiceC.habitD.voice35. A.dialogueB.debateC.competitionD.contract【答案】21.!. C23. A24. A25. C26. D27. B28. C29. C30. D31. B32. C33. B34. D35. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在到处充斥着虚假新闻的时代，卖家与消费者建立信任至关重要，最佳方式是 与消费者进行公开对话。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实证明，对自己的产品保持诚实是令人痛苦的，这实际上可能会使你的品 牌受

41、益。A. nervous紧张的；B. honest诚实的；C. careful仔细的；D. particular挑剔的。上文提到随着消费者对网络广告和隐私问题越来越失望，该如何说服消费者购买你的产品呢？再结合下文的介绍可知，对自己的产品保持诚实会让你的品牌受益，故B 项正确。【 22 题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，根据该报告，大多数消费者对在线同行评议和朋友推荐的信任远高于公司的广告信息。 A. Instead相反；B. Otherwise否则；C. Moreover此外；D. However然而。空前说消费者对影响者营销策略的认知正在提高，此处对前面进行补充说明，与之是并列关系，用m

42、oreover 引出需要补充的内容，故C 项正确。【 23 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. reviews评论、评议；B. reactions反应； C. experiences经历；D. instructions 指示。根据空后的"as much as recommendations from friends”可知此处指"同行评议"，故A项正确。【 24 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意： 看起来， 来自普通人的反馈实际上比一个难以企及的品牌大使更有分量。A. weight重量、重要性；B. risks风险；C. warnings警告；D. burden

43、s负担。上文说大多数消费者对在线同行评议和朋友推荐的信任远高于公司的广告信息，因此普通人的反馈似乎比一个品牌大使更有分量，故A 项正确。【 25 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意： 报告发现，供应商和买家之间存在很大的信任鸿沟。A. relationship 关系； B. influence影响； C. gap 间隙、缺口；D. extension 延伸。空后说虽然供应商认为他们是透明的，但大多数买家并没有看到，这说明供应商和买家之间存在很大的信任鸿沟，故C 项正确。【 26 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然供应商认为他们是透明的，但大多数买家似乎看不到。例如，在销售过程中， 85% 的供应

44、商声称在销售过程中对产品的局限性持开放态度但只有 36% 的买家持同样的观点。A. refuse拒绝；B. hesitate犹豫；C. desire 渴望；D. claim 声称。D项正确。供应商认为自己是透明的，自然会声称在销售过程中对产品的局限性持开放态度，故【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实是，消费者并不期望任何产品都是完美的一一他们只想在购买产品时睁大眼睛，这样他们就可以选择最适合自己的产品。A. advanced先进的；B. pefect完美的；C. remarkable值得注意的； D. unique 独无二的。根据空后的"-they just want to

45、enter relationships with their eyes wide openso that they can 8 the options that are best for them."可知，消费者并不期望任何产品都是完美的，他 们只是想选择最适合自己的产品，故 B项正确。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. consider考虑；B. offer提供；C. select 选择；D. exercise练习。消费者在购物时睁大眼睛自然是为了挑选出最适合自己的产品，故C项正确。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们也希望品牌更人性化。 A. efficien

46、t有效率的；B. profitable有利可图的；C. human人性化；D. responsible负责的。空后说 66%的消费者表示如果他们觉得自己被当作一个数字而不是个人对待，他们就会离开这个品牌公司，这说明他们希望品牌更加人性化，故C项正确。【30题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：评论网站因给予付费广告商优惠待遇而受到批评，消费者的辨别能力也越来越强。A. be associated with 和联系在一起；B. be mistaken by 被误认为； c. be praised as被誉为； d. becriticized for 因而受批评。 根据空后的 "giving

47、preferential （优惠的）treatment to paid advertisers” 可知，评论网站因给予付费广告商优惠待遇而受到消费者的批评，故D项正确。【31题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：事实上，评论网站并不是我们同彳T评论的唯一渠道。A. On the contrary 相反地；B. In fact事实上；C. By contrast相比之下；D. In a word简言之。空后说社交媒体为客户提供实时的体验，B项正确。因此事实上，评论网站并不是我们获得同行评议的唯一渠道，故32 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当品牌将与顾客的每一次互动都视为潜在的评价时，他们就会开始更

48、加关注细节， 并时刻注意提供有价值且令人难忘的体验。A. cooperation 合作； B. complaint 抱怨； C. interaction 互动；D. appointment 约定。根据空后的“with a customer as a potential review ”可知，此处是说把与顾客的每一次互动都当作一个潜在的评价，故C 项正确。【 33 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这有助于确保客户的忠实度，而且这些客户通常会成为他们的朋友、家人和他们在网上认识的人的品牌大使。A. safety安全性；B. loyalty忠实、忠诚；C. convenience便利；D. empl

49、oyment职业。认真对待反馈还可以让当前的客户感到受到重视和尊重，并使你的业务看起来更加平易近人，其结果自然是有助于确保客户对品牌的忠实度，故B 项正确。【 34 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，各大品牌面临的挑战是，如何利用消费者的声音为自己服务。A. money金钱； B. choice 选择； C. habit 习惯； D. voice 声音。根据上文内容可知，在社交媒体时代，普通人的反馈比品牌大使更有分量，因此如何利用消费者的声音为自己服务是当下各大品牌面临的一大挑战，故D 项正确。【 35 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这个技术前沿、人工智能和自助服务客户的时代，承认与客

50、户建立信任的最佳方式是与客户进行公开对话是很奇怪的。A. dialogue对tB. debate辩论；C. competition竞争；D. contract联系。空后说更有人情味、更透明、更愿意倾听别人的意见，将会让你的公司在一个消费者怀疑的时代蓬勃发展，因此此处指“与客户进行公开对话”，故 A 项正确。【点睛】本篇第9 空难度较大，抓住空后的举例是关键，根据空后的“66 percent of consumers say they willleave a company if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an

51、individual. ”可知， 66% 的消费者表示如果他们觉得自己被当作一个数字而不是个人对待，他们就会离开这个品牌公司，这说明他们希望品牌更加人性化，故C 项（ human ）正确。Section BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th

52、at fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）As humanity has got richer, animal s roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewerwolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine （内燃机）made horse

53、s unneeded; modern sanitatio（n 卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domesticanimals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists （考古学家）have found 10,000-ye

54、ar-old graves in which dogs andpeople are buried together. Some cultures - such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions - have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of

55、sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters- tafood shelves are full of delicac

56、ies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet s individual tastes.In the business this is called “ pet humanisation- the”tendency of

57、 pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to - in America -Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs