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1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero quality n. (1) U,C质,质量,品质质,质量,品质 Quality is more important that quantity. (2)C性质,特性,特点性质,特性,特点 One quality of wood is that it can burn. (3)C品德,品性品德,品性 You need some special personal qualities to work as a nurse. 注意:注意: (1)quality作作“品性品性”讲时,经常指一个讲时,经常指一个人性格(人性格(cha

2、racter)中美好的部分。)中美好的部分。 (2)表示某物)表示某物“具有具有的质量的质量”时用介时用介词词of. Eg: This new model is of high quality and is not expensive. 拓展:拓展: of good quality 上等的,优质的上等的,优质的 of poor quality 劣等的,劣质的劣等的,劣质的 mean adj. vt. (1)adj. 吝啬的,小气的吝啬的,小气的 搭配:搭配:be mean with/about sth 对于对于吝啬的吝啬的 She is always mean with/about money

3、. (2)adj. (人或其行为)卑鄙的,刻薄的(人或其行为)卑鄙的,刻薄的 搭配:搭配: be mean to sb/sth 对某人对某人/某物刻某物刻薄的薄的 Dont be so mean to your classmates. It is mean of you to tease him. (3)adj. 熟练的;出色的熟练的;出色的 搭配:搭配: be no mean 了不起,很出色了不起,很出色 He is a mean tennis player. His mother was a painter, and he is no mean artist himself. (4) vt

4、. 意思是;意味着;表示意思是;意味着;表示意思意思 搭配:搭配: mean to do sth 打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing sth 意味着;意思是意味着;意思是 But I didnt mean to hurt you. Missing the bus means walking home. active adj. (1) 积极的积极的 搭配:搭配: be active in sth 在在方面积极方面积极地地 take an active part in sth 积极参与某事积极参与某事 They were both politically active. (2)(尤指体力上

5、)忙碌的,活跃的)(尤指体力上)忙碌的,活跃的 She is very active in the local business circle. (3)(思想上)充满活力的,活跃的)(思想上)充满活力的,活跃的 That child has a very active imagination. generous adj. (1)慷慨的,大方的)慷慨的,大方的 搭配:搭配:be generous with 在某方面慷慨在某方面慷慨 be generous in doing sth 乐于做某事乐于做某事 It was generous of him to offer to pay for us b

6、oth. (2)宽宏大量的,宽厚的,仁慈的)宽宏大量的,宽厚的,仁慈的 She has a generous mind/spirit. 注意:注意:generous和其他修饰人的形容词和其他修饰人的形容词clever, stupid, smart, kind等一样,常与等一样,常与of 一起构成不定式复合结构:一起构成不定式复合结构: Its + adj. + of sb + to do sth. devote vt. 献身,致力,专心献身,致力,专心 搭配:搭配: devote oneself to 献身于献身于 devote ones life/time to sb/sth 把生命把生命/

7、时间献给时间献给 devote ones energy to 奉献精力于奉献精力于 devote sth to sth 把把用于用于 She devoted herself to her career and never married all her life. He devoted his life to promoting world peace. 注意:在注意:在devoteto和和 be devoted to中的中的to均为介词,其后接名词,代词均为介词,其后接名词,代词和动名词等做宾语。和动名词等做宾语。 devoted adj. 忠实的,深爱的,是形容词,忠实的,深爱的,是形容词

8、,可用作定语或表语,可以构成短语可用作定语或表语,可以构成短语be devoted to,该结构可以在句中做状语,该结构可以在句中做状语,如:如: Devoted to his research, he didnt notice the teacher entered the room. found vt. (founded, founded) (1)创立,创建)创立,创建 The hospital was founded in 1920. (2)建立在)建立在基础上,(建筑物)建立基础上,(建筑物)建立在在上上 The castle is founded on solid rocks. pr

9、inciple n. C 法则;原则;原理法则;原则;原理 Discussing all these details will get us nowhere, we must get back to first principles. 注意:注意: principle的复数形式表示的复数形式表示“道德原道德原则则”“”“行为准则行为准则”或或“规范规范”。 I refuse to lie about it; its against my principles. 拓展:拓展: in principle 原则上,理论上;大体原则上,理论上;大体上,基本上上,基本上 on principle 根据原

10、则根据原则 first principles 基本原则基本原则 peaceful adj. (1)和平的)和平的 We suggested a peaceful settlement of the crisis. (2)爱好和平的,寻求和平的)爱好和平的,寻求和平的 China is a peaceful nation. (3)安静的,宁静的,安宁的)安静的,宁静的,安宁的 That was a peaceful night. guidance n U 指导;领导;引导指导;领导;引导 搭配:搭配: under ones guidance 在某人的在某人的指导指导/领导下领导下 guidanc

11、e on sth 对某事的指导对某事的指导 You should do it under his guidance. Thats guidance for teachers on how to use video in class. 拓展:拓展: with/under ones guidance = with/under the guidance of sb = under ones direction 在某人的指导下在某人的指导下 legal adj. (1)法律的,与法律有关的(仅作前置定)法律的,与法律有关的(仅作前置定语)语) 搭配:搭配: the legal profession 法

12、律专业法律专业 a legal adviser 法律顾问法律顾问 (2)法律允许的;合法的;法律要求的)法律允许的;合法的;法律要求的 Whos the legal owner of the house? out of work 失业失业 = out of employment Now that she is out of work, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasnt decided. 拓展:拓展: in work 有工作有工作 go to work 去上班去上班 hopeful adj. (1)(人)抱

13、有希望的,满怀希望的(一)(人)抱有希望的,满怀希望的(一般作表语)般作表语) 搭配:搭配: be hopeful about sth be hopeful that 对某事满怀希望的对某事满怀希望的 be hopeful of doing sth 希望做某事希望做某事 I feel hopeful that well find a suitable house very soon. (2)表现出希望的(只作前置定语)表现出希望的(只作前置定语) He was the most hopeful candidate for the presidency. (3)带来希望的,给人以希望的(多指事)

14、带来希望的,给人以希望的(多指事情)情) The future did not seem very hopeful. youth n. (1)U 青少年时期青少年时期 I spent my youth in the country. (2) C 青年男子;小伙子青年男子;小伙子 There are groups of youths playing basketball over there. (3)青年人(总称)(常加)青年人(总称)(常加the) The youth of the nation is/are polite in general. 注意:注意: the youth是年轻人的统称

15、,表示复是年轻人的统称,表示复数含义,作主语时谓语动词用复数或单数数含义,作主语时谓语动词用复数或单数形式都可以。形式都可以。 league n. C 联盟;同盟;联合会联盟;同盟;联合会 the League of Nations 国际联盟国际联盟 stage n. (1)时期,阶段,状态)时期,阶段,状态 The children are at different stages of development. (2)段,步,步骤)段,步,步骤 We did the first stage of the trip by train. (3)舞台)舞台 The audience threw f

16、lowers onto the stage. (4)(政治等活动中的)领域,舞台)(政治等活动中的)领域,舞台 She was forced to the center of the political stage. vote (1) 投票;表决投票;表决 Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%. (2) n. C 投票,表决投票,表决 The result of the vote were surprising. 拓展:拓展: vote for sb 投票支持某人投票支持某人 vote against sb 投票反对投票反对 attack

17、(1) vt.袭击,攻击袭击,攻击 At dawn the army attacked the town. (2) vt. 抨击,非难抨击,非难 There is a newspaper article attacking the England football coach. (3) vt. 侵袭,损害侵袭,损害 搭配:搭配: be attacked with 患病患病 He is very sad because his mother is attacked with cancer. (4) n. C,U 攻击,进攻,袭击攻击,进攻,袭击 搭配:搭配: make an attack on/

18、upon sb/sth 对某人对某人/某事发起进攻;攻击某人某事发起进攻;攻击某人/某事某事 under attack 受到攻击受到攻击 There is a series of racial attacks recently. (5)C(疾病的)发作,侵袭(疾病的)发作,侵袭 搭配:搭配: a panic attack 一阵恐慌一阵恐慌 My grandpa often suffers a heart attack. violence n. (1) U 暴力行为暴力行为 They expressed their anger with some violence. (2) 猛烈;激情;激烈的力

19、量猛烈;激情;激烈的力量 The violence of her feelings surprised him. 拓展:拓展: do violence to 伤害,损害伤害,损害 as a matter of fact (1)事实上;其实;说真的)事实上;其实;说真的 Its a nice place. Weve stayed there ourselves, as a matter of fact. (2)(表示不同意)事实上,其实)(表示不同意)事实上,其实 He doesnt mind. As a matter of fact, hes pleased. blow up (1) vt.

20、炸毁,(使)炸得粉碎炸毁,(使)炸得粉碎 The soldiers blew up the factory. (2) vt. 吹胀,给吹胀,给充气,打气充气,打气 Stop at the gas station and well blow up the tyres. (3) vi. (恶劣天气)来临(恶劣天气)来临 It looks as if theres a storm blowing up. equal (1) adj. 相等的相等的 The two desks are of equal size. (2)adj. 平等的平等的 All men are born equal. (3) a

21、dj. 胜任的,能对付的胜任的,能对付的 Im not equal to the task. (4) n. C 同等之人或事物同等之人或事物 In spelling, she had no equals. in trouble 处于困境或险境处于困境或险境 Hes in trouble with the police. We should lend a hand to those in trouble. 拓展:拓展: get into trouble 陷入困境陷入困境 get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境使某人陷入困境 be in trouble with 有问题(麻烦)有问

22、题(麻烦) willing adj. (1)愿意的,乐意的)愿意的,乐意的 一般作表语,一般作表语, be willing to do sth (2)自愿的,乐于相助的,通常做定语)自愿的,乐于相助的,通常做定语 willing volunteers 志愿工作者志愿工作者 turn to 向某人求助;致力于;转身向某人求助;致力于;转身 If you have any question, turn to me for help. 注意:注意:turn to 中的中的to为介词,因此其后跟为介词,因此其后跟名词,代词或动名词。名词,代词或动名词。 release (1) vt. 释放,放走;放开

23、,松开释放,放走;放开,松开 搭配:搭配: release sb/sth from sth 从从释释放某人或某物放某人或某物 He refused to release her arm. (2)n. 释放;获释释放;获释 She expects an early release from prison. lose heart 丧失信心;泄气丧失信心;泄气 Dont lose heart; all will turn out well. lose ones heart to sb/sth 爱上某人或某爱上某人或某物物 He lost his heart to Mary at the first

24、sight. escape (1)逃跑,逃出;摆脱;逃避)逃跑,逃出;摆脱;逃避 (常与介词(常与介词from连用)连用) He escaped from prison this morning. (2)vt. 避开,避免避开,避免 搭配:搭配: escape sth 避开某事避开某事 escape doing sth 避免做某事避免做某事 educate vt. 教育;培养;训练教育;培养;训练 搭配:搭配: educate sb. 教育某人教育某人 educate sb to do sth 教育某人做某事教育某人做某事 educate sb about/on sth 就某事教育某就某事教育

25、某人人 come to power = come into power 上台,执政上台,执政 When he came to/into power, he broke his promise of reducing tax. 注意:注意: come to/into power 为终止性短语,为终止性短语,不可与时间段连用;与其对应的延续性短不可与时间段连用;与其对应的延续性短语为语为be in power. beg vi. (begged, begged, begging) (1) 恳求,乞求恳求,乞求 搭配:搭配: beg sb for sth (向某人)乞求(向某人)乞求 beg sth of/from sb 向某人乞求(恳求)向某人乞求(恳求) beg sb to do sth 恳求某人做某事恳求某人做某事 beg to do sth

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