2014版人教新目标八年级下册英语unit10课文详解

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上Unit 10 I've had this bike for three years.Section ALanguage Goal：Talk about possessions and things around you.How long have you had that bike over there？I've had it for three years. I learned how to ride a bike on it.那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了?我买了三年了!在它上面，我学会了如何骑自行车。辨析for和sincefor其后只能接表示

2、“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用多种时态。表示动作或状态持续的时间长短since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句(过去时)；也可以接“一段时间十ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型“its十时间段十since十一般过去时的句子”. 表示过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态I've lived in this city for five years. 我在这座城市里居住了5年了。He usually sleeps for twelve hours every day. 他通常每天睡12个小时We've studied here since 2009. 自2009 年来我们一直

3、在这里学习。It's two years since I came to China 自从我到中国以来已经两年了。She has worked here for five years. =She has worked here since five years ago. 她在这儿工作5年了:1a Look at the things at the yard sale. Do you have any of these things at home? How long have you had them? 看这些在庭院拍卖会上的物品。你家里有这些物品中的一些吗?你买它们多长时了了? 1b

4、 Listen and check()the facts you hear. Jeffs family is having a yard sale. Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things. Jeff has had his bike for more than 10 years. Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories. You can also give old things away to people in need.杰夫一家在举行庭院拍

5、卖会。埃米认为卖掉她的旧东西很难。杰夫的自行车买了10年多了:埃米想保留她的旧东西，因为它们回想起许多甜蜜的回忆:你还可以把旧东西捐赠给需要的人们。family集合名词，“家庭;亲属”。表示整体时，用作单数，谓语动词用单数；表示家庭成员时，用作复数，谓语动词用复数。His family is going to move他家要搬走了，My family are very well. 我全家人都很好。have a yard sale “举行庭院拍卖会”，其中sale用作名词，意为“出售，销售”，常与介词on或for连用，构成短语: on sale“出售，上市”for sale“待售，供出售”尤指从

6、主人手里出售。Chickens are on sale in the market. 小鸡在市场上出售I'm sorry, it's not for sale. 抱歉，它不是卖的。It、十adj. (十for sb. ) to do sth.“ (对某人来说)做某事是的”。it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。因动词不定式短语作主语较长，而谓语部分相对较短，it代替后就克服了“头重脚轻”的现象。其中sb是动词不定式to do的逻辑主语。It's important to learn English well. 学好英语很重要memory名词，“记忆;回忆”。

7、其复数形式为memories，动词形式为memorize (记忆，背诵)。This photo album has given many memories of my school days.这本相册给了我许多校园时光的回忆。She has a good memory. 她记忆A好。1c Practice the conversation. Then make conversations about other things in the picture above.A：This is a really old book.B：Yes, Ive had it for seven years. I

8、ve read it three times.A：why are you selling it?B：Because I dont read it anymore.A：How much is it?B：You can have it for 75 cents.这是一本确实很旧的书。是的，我买了7年了。我已经读过三次了。你为什么要卖它?鸟为我不再看它了多少钱?花75分，你就能买到它。notanymore（any more）/ no more表示次数上的不再，常修饰非延续性动词，多用于将来时态，有时也用于过去时态Please don't go there any more请别再去那里了。no

9、tany longer/ no longer表示时间上的“不再”，常修饰延续性动词We are no longer young. 我不再年轻。Listen and check () the things Amys family are giving away and circle the things they are keeping.book magazine toy bear toy lion toy tigerbread maker sweater dress hat scarfThe things they are giving away: magazine, toy lion, to

10、y tiger, bread maker, sweater, dressThe things they are keeping: book, toy bear, hat, scarf 2b Listen again and fill in the blanks.1. Amy has had her favorite book for three years.2. Amy has had the toy bear since she was a baby .3. Amys mom has had the old bread maker for more than 10 years.4. Amy

11、can give away the sweater and dress because they do not fit her anymore.埃米拥有她最喜爱的书三年了自埃米是个婴儿起，她就拥有了那个玩具熊。埃米的妈妈买了那个旧面包机10年多了。埃米能捐赠毛衣和裙子，因为它们不再适合她。2c Student A is Amys mom. Student B is Amy. Make conversations.A：Amy, can we give away these soft toys?B：Mom, I want to keep the bear.A：Why? Its so old.B：B

12、ecause Ive had it since I was a baby.埃米，我们可以捐这些软体玩具吗？妈妈，我想保留这只(玩具)熊。为什么?它这么旧了。因为自从我是个婴儿以来，我就拥有了它。 2d2d Role-play the conversation. Linda：Welcome to the Sunshine Home for Children. Im Linda.Amy：Hi, Im Amy. I have some things for the kids. Ive had this magazine for a couple of months. The stories insi

13、de may be a bit old, but theyre still interesting.Linda：Great! Many children here love reading.Amy：And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. Ive had them since I was a child. Theres also a sweater and a dress.Linda：Perfect! We always need toys and clothes.Amy：One last thing is

14、a bread maker. My moms had it for a long time but it still works.Linda：Thanks so much! 琳达:欢迎来到儿童阳光之家。我是琳达。埃米:嗨，我是埃米。我有一些给孩子们的东西。这本杂志我买了几个月了。里面的故事可能有点儿老，但它们仍然很有趣。琳达:好极了!这里的许多孩子喜欢读书。埃米:察看一下这些给小孩子们玩的软体玩具和棋类游戏。从我是个小孩子起，我就拥有了它们。还有一件毛衣和一条裙子。琳达:太棒了!我们一直需要玩具和衣服。埃米:最后一件东西是面包机。我妈妈买了很长时间了，可它仍然正常运转。琳达。非常感谢你!a b

15、it“一点儿，稍微”a bit修饰形容词或副词时，相当于a little。修饰不可数名词时，应在a bit后加介词of。not a bit相当于not at all，“根本不”There is a bit of water in the bottle. 瓶子里有点儿水。She is not a bit happy. 她一点儿也不快乐check及物动词，“检查;审查”，后可直接跟名词作宾语。其短语check out，“察看;观察”If you finish it, check it by yourself first. 如果你完成了，就自己先检查一下。Check out all the book

16、s for children. 察看一下所有的儿童书籍。（1） check还可用作名词，“支票; 账单”He wrote me a check 他给我开了一张支票。soft形容词，“软的;柔软的”，其副词形式为softly “柔软地”;反义词为hard“硬的”。I bought a soft chair我买了一把软椅。maker名词，“生产者; 制造者”，是由“动词make十后缀-r”构成的。在英语构词中，还有“动词十后缀-er”变为名词的，表示动作的执行者。类似的单词有: teacher教师， reader读者， worker工人， singer歌唱家在英语构词中，还有“动词十后缀or”变为

17、名词的，也表示动作的执行者。类似的单词有: visitor参观者， inventor发明家。在英语构词中，还有“名词/ 动词/形容词十后缀ist”变为名词的，表示“从事的专家”。类似的单词有: artist艺术家， tourist旅行家， specialist专家。3a Read the article written by a father for a newspaper. What are they going to sell at the yard sale?My children are growing up fast. My daughter is 16 and my boy is

18、already in junior high school. As they get bigger our house seems to get smaller. So we want to sell some of our things in a yard sale and give the money to a childrens home.We have already cleaned out a lot of things from our bedrooms.We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use.

19、My son was quite sad at first. Although he has not played with his old toys for a long time, he still wanted to keep them. For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven. And he did not want to lose his to

20、y monkey, either. He slept next to the monkey every night when he was a child. My daughter was more understanding, although she also felt sad to part with certain toys. As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts, but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now. Im getting older, to

21、o! 我的孩子长得很快。我女儿16岁了，儿子已上初中。随着他们长大，我们的房子似乎变得更小了。所以我们想在庭院销售中卖一些我们的东西，并把钱捐给儿童之家。我们已经清理了卧室里的许多东西。 我们决定每人出售五件不再使用的物品。一开始，我儿子相当难过。虽然他很长时间不玩他的旧玩具，但他仍想保存它们。比如，自他4岁生日起，他就拥有了一套轨道火车.他几乎每周都玩，一直玩到大约7岁时。他也不想失去他的玩具猴。在他还是个孩子时，每晚他都要紧靠着那只玩具猴睡觉。我女儿比较懂事，尽管失去某些玩具她也感到很难过。至于我，我不想放弃我的足球衫，但是，说实在的，现在我已经有一段时间没踢(足球)了。我也在变老! We

22、ve decided to each sell five things we no longer use本句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。That引导定语从句，修饰先行词things,The book that/which you lent me is very interesting. 你借给我的那本书非常有趣。no longer=not any longer “不再;不复”，多指时间上的不再，常与延续性动词连用。He didn't live here any longer. =He no longer lived here. 他不再住在这儿了although she also f

23、elt sad to part with certain toyscertain形容词，“某种; 某事; 某人”。He decided to sell his certain books. 他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。certain形容词，“确实的，无疑的”常有结构: be certain to do sth. 肯定要做某事be certain of/about sth. 对某事确定、有把握be certain of doing sth, 有把握做某事be certain十从句 一定.We're certain of success. 我们有把握成功。I'm not certain

24、 where he lives. 我不敢肯定他住在哪儿to be honest, I havent played for a while now. Im getting older, too!to be honest“说实在的，说实话”，经常单独使用，作插入语，用逗号与句子隔开。类似的表达还有to tell the truth“老实说，说实话”。To be honest, she is not an honest girl. 说实话，她不是一个诚实的女孩。honest为形容词，“诚实的;老实的”。其反义词为dishonest“不诚实的”，名词形式为honesty“诚实”。An honest m

25、an does not tell lies.诚实的人不说谎。3b Read the article again and answer the questions.1. Why did they decide to have a yard sale?2. What do they want to do with the money from the sale?3. Why does the son want to keep his train and railway set?4. How can the old toys be useful again?5. Have you ever thou

26、ght about having a yard sale to sell your things?What would you do with the money you raise?也们为什么决定举行庭院拍卖会?他们想要用从拍卖会中筹集的钱做什么？儿子为什么想要保留他那套轨道火车?那些旧玩具怎样能再有用呢?你曾经想过举行庭院拍卖会，卖掉你的东西吗?你会用你筹来的钱做什么?1. Because the father's children get bigger and their house seems to get smaller2. They want to give the mon

27、ey to a children's home.3. Because hes owned it since his fourth birthday, and he played with it almost every week until he was about seven.4. They can be sold to the people who need them.5. Yes, I have. I would give it to the charity. 3c Find the words or phrases in the article which can be rep

28、laced with the ones below and write them next to the words.losepart with kids children truthful to be honest many a lot of some time a while even though although quickly fast older bigger truthful形容词，表示“(指人)诚实的”之意时，相当于honest 表示“(指叙述)真实的”之意时，相当于true，其名词形式为truth(诚实;真相)。Henry is a truthful/an honest bo

29、y. 亨利是一个诚实的男孩。The story is truthful/true. 这个故事是真实的。Grammar Focus How long have you had that bike over there?Ive had it for three years.How long has his son owned the train and railway set?Hes owned it since his fourth birthday.Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent

30、 played for a while now. 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since.1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. 吉姆在日本。他三天前到达了那里Jim has been in Japan for three days. 吉姆在日本呆了三天了。2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. 他们很饿。他们的上一顿饭是10个小时以前(吃的),They have been hungry for ten

31、 hours/since ten hours ago. 3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. 我有一部相机。我在2009年买的。I have had a camera since 2009. 4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago. 我认识安。三年前我第一次遇到了她I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago. 5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. 琳达病了。她星期一生病的。Linda

32、has been UI since Monday. Jim has been in Japan for three days“have/has been in十地点”表示“在待了多长时间了”。He has been in Beijing for two years.他在北京待了两年了。The Greens have been here since ten years ago. 自从10年以前格林一家就住在这里。4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.1. I have never been (n

33、ever be) to the water park before. I want to go (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.2. They have never owned (never own) any pets, but they always want (always want)to have a dog.3. We have had (have) a piano since last November. We bought (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to

34、the US last year.4. Cathy and Amy havent been (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They miss (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.5. This museum has been (be) here for over 20 years. It is (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.It is (be) one of th

35、e oldest buildings in this small town one of the oldest buildings“最古老的建筑物之一”，其结构是“one of the十形容词最高级十可数名词复数”，“最之一”，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。Beijing is one of the biggest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。 4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.1. Do you have a(n) ? How long have you h

36、ad it?2. Do you own a(n) ? How long have you owned it?ThingsHow longTonyfavorite bookbasketballfor two yearssince he was 10 years oldStudent 1Student 2Section B1a Check () the places or things you can find in your town or city. a museum a primary school a bridge a zoo a park a hill a library a river

37、1b Listen and answer the questions.1. Does Martin like Jennys hometown?2. Does Jenny still live in her hometown?3. What is behind the science museum? What do people do there on weekends?1c Listen again and fill in the chart about the places in Jennys hometown.PlaceNew or old?How long has it been the

38、re?town libraryscience museumrestaurant down the street1d Talk about your town/city with a partner.A：My city is lovely.B：What are some of the special places there?A：Well, theres a concert hall there. Its been around for at least 20 years.我的城市很美丽。那里有一些什么特别的地方吗?哦，那里有个音乐厅。它在这附近至少20年了。Its been around fo

39、r at least 20 years.around此处用作副词，“附近，在近处”。Is there anyone around? 这附近有人吗?I11 wait around for a while.我就在这附近等一会儿。2a Answer the questions before you read. Then read the passage to find out if your answers are the same as in the passage.在你阅读之前先回答问题。然后读短文，看看你的答案是否和短文中的一样:1. Why do millions of Chinese le

40、ave the countryside every year?2. How often do you think these people visit their hometowns?3. What new buildings does the government usually build in towns and villages?1.每年为什么数百万中国人离开农村？2.你认为这些中国人多久探望一次他们的家乡？3.政府通常在镇上和村子里建造什么断建筑?Using Previous KnowledgeWe can often guess what a text is about by us

41、ing what we already know. Answering questions before we read can also help us do this. 运用已有的知识我们经常可以运用我们已经知道的知识，来猜测课文的内容。在我们阅读前回答问题也能帮助我们做到这一点。Hometown Feelings故乡情Some people still live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year. Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the c

42、ountryside to search for work in the cities. Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. He has lived in Wenzhou for the last 13 years. With a hard job in a crayon factory, he doesnt find much time to visit his hometown. “I used to return home at least once a year, but I havent been

43、back for almost three years now. Its a shame, but I just dont have the time,” he says.有的人仍住在他们的家乡。然而，另一些人可能一年仅看望家乡一两次。如今，数百万中国人离开农村去城市寻找工作。仲伟，一位46岁的丈夫和父亲，就是其中的一位。在过去的13年里，他住在温州。由于彩色铅笔厂里的艰难工作，他没有太多的时间探望他的家乡。“我过去一年至少回家一次，但是现在我几乎三年没有回去了。实在是遗憾，但我就是没有时间，” 他说。Nowadays, millions of Chinese leave the countr

44、yside to search for work in the citiessearch作不及物动词，“搜索;搜查”。其短语search for“搜寻，找寻”，后面的宾语是寻找的目标。He is searching for his sunglasses.他正在找他的太阳镜。search作及物动词时，“在搜查”或“搜查”，后面直接跟被搜寻的对象。They searched the forest for the lost child. 他们在森林里寻找那个走失的小孩。Among these is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and father. He has

45、 lived in Wenzhou for the last 13 yearsamong介词，“在(其)中”之一”，指三者或三者以上之间。She was among the last to leave. 她是最后离去者之一。He built a house among the trees. .他在树林中盖了一座房子辨析among 和betweenamong在三者或三者以上之间Tom sits among the students.汤姆坐在学生们中间。between在两者之间Tom sits between Mary and Frank.汤姆坐在玛丽和弗兰克之间。a 46-year-old hu

46、sband and father“一位46岁的丈夫和父亲”，相当于a husband and father of 46 years old,46-year-old是一个复合形容词，在句中作定语。这种复合形容词有两个特点:一是数词、名词、形容词之间要用连字符连接，二是数词后的名词用单数形式。Tom is a 10-year-old boy. =Tom is a boy of 10 years old.汤姆是一个10岁的男孩。Lily is an 8-year-old girl莉莉是一个8岁的女孩。另一种类似的复合形容词作定语的结构是:数词十连字符号“-”十名词(单数):a two-month h

47、oliday= a two monthsholiday一个为期两个月的假期ten-minute walk/ drive/ ride= ten minutes walk/ drive/ ride步行/开车/骑车10分钟的路程a此处用于视为一体的名词前。His father is a writer and artist. 他爸爸是一位作家兼艺术家。试比较:a knife and fork一副刀叉a knife and a fork一把刀子和一个叉子shame不可数名词，“羞耻;羞愧;惭愧”。可与不定冠词a连用，表示“可耻的人或事;可惜(遗憾)的事”。He felt no shame for wha

48、t he had done. .他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。It's a shame (that) you can't stay for dinner. 你不能留下来吃晚饭，真遗憾。shame的常见短语有:feel shame at 因而感到羞愧in shame羞愧地have no shame 无羞耻心with shame羞愧地to ones shame 令某入感到羞耻的是bring shame on 使丢脸Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometowns have change

49、d. Perhaps large hospitals and new roads have appeared. In many places, the government has also built new schools and sent teachers from the cities to help.许多像仲伟一样的人都以极大的兴趣关注着他们的家乡发生了怎样的变化。也许大医院和新道路出观了。在许多地方，政府还建了新学校，并且从城市派遣老师来支教。Many people like Zhong Wei regard with great interest how their hometo

50、wns have changedregard及物动词， “将认为;把视为”。常用短语regardas“将视为”，“把当作”,as为介词，其后可接名词或代词。I regard you as my best friend我把你当作我最好的朋友，We regard him as our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。“I noticed thats true of my hometown,” adds Zhong Wei. “Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th

51、 century. But now the buildings are really old. I hear theyre going to build a new school there.” Zhong Wei thinks such developments are good, and he also knows that his hometown cannot always stay the same.“我注意到对我的家乡来说是真实情况，”仲伟补充说。“从20世纪中期以来，孩子们在我上学时的古老的小学里，学会了读书和数数。但是现在那些建筑物确实很旧了。我听说他们要在那里建一所新学校。”

52、仲伟认为这样的发展很好，而且他也知道他的家乡不能总是依然如故。Children have learned to read and count at my old primary school since the mid-20th century. But now the buildings are really old.century可数名词，“世纪;百年，其复数形式为centuries。eighteenth-century writers 18世纪的作家the mid-20th century 20世纪中期According to Zhong Wei, however, some thing

53、s will never change. “In my hometown, there was a big old tree opposite the school. It is still there and has become quite a symbol of the place. Most of the children in my time liked to play together under that big tree, especially during the summer holidays. It was such a happy childhood. Our home

54、town has left many soft and sweet memories in our hearts.”然而，在仲伟看来，有些东西永远不会改变。“在我的家乡，在学校对面有一棵古老的大树。它仍在那里，并且简直成了那个地方的标志。在我那个时代的大多数孩子都喜欢在那棵大树底下一起玩，尤其在暑假期间。那是一个如此快乐的童年。我们的家乡在我们心中留下了许多柔和甜美的回忆。”according to“依据; 按照”其中to是介词，后可接名词、代词或从句。He divided themselves into three groups according to age .他把他们按年龄分成三组Ac

55、cording to what he said, it was a good thing. 根据他所说的话，那是件好事。there was a big old tree opposite the school pzitopposite的词性和用法如下:1.介词，“在对面”相当于across from常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位They live opposite the bank.他们住在银行对面。2.另一边的;对面的;相反的We live on the opposite side of the road我们住在马路对面。3.副词 在对面There's m old man living opposite. 一个老人住在对面。4.“相反的人(或物)；对立面”常与介词of一起使用“Tall" is the opposite of “