建设工程中英互译

1、Construction Engineering Construction Quality Management and Control【Abstract】This article from the quality assurance system, the construction preparation stage, construction stage, the stage of completion and acceptance of quality management and control of the construction described, in order to co

2、ntrol the construction quality of housing projects provide a reference. 【Key words】Housing building; Construction; Quality; Control; Discussion. 1. Foreword As housing construction products, construction works, due to long duration, large investment, construction sites is fixed, open-air operation b

3、y the external environment affecting the construction process complex factors affecting the quality and more difficult to control the construction quality. The quality of construction quality of housing construction and closely related to people's production and life, after completion of the pro

4、ject put into use if it is safe and reliable, the relationship between the state and people's lives and property, the construction stage is the formation of the key to the quality of construction products, so the construction Quality management and control is essential. Housing construction proj

5、ect quality management and control is a systematic project, from feasibility studies, survey and design, construction, completion and acceptance phases, there is quality management and control issues. The construction phase of quality management and control of the Housing projects were the core of t

6、he whole process of quality control, quality management and control of the construction phase effectiveness of the means is related to the final quality of the whole project can meet the state standards and the project owner's investment requirements, decided to build use of the product function

7、ality, service life and economic benefits. 2. The establishment of project quality management leadership, establish and improve the quality of construction quality assurance system is a prerequisite for management and control. Construction of units in housing projects and project owners to sign the

8、construction contract, the contract duration and the owners are stationed at the construction site, the first to set up a project manager, project, headed by Chief Engineer, quality inspector, testing staff, materials and construction technology staff personnel composition of the quality management

9、leadership team. Prepared by the Quality Management project management, leadership quality goals, project quality management approach, the project construction quality control points and project quality management approach, from the total project engineering audit, by the person in charge of constru

10、ction enterprise technology approval, the project manager, organization and implementation. Examples prove that the quality of construction quality of housing construction projects and construction projects are a strong quality management leadership and sound quality assurance system are inseparable

11、. 3. Construction of the preparation phase of quality management and control is equally important. 3.1 construction project environment and geological survey. Environmental and geological survey of the construction project is quite important, is the basis of the construction site to collect first-ha

12、nd information on the construction project environmental and geological investigations of specific information including: topography and environmental conditions, geological conditions, earthquake level, engineering geology hydrology, meteorology conditions and local water, electricity, energy suppl

13、y conditions, transportation conditions, material supply conditions. It not only can serve as a geological survey report of unknown parts of the supplement, but also the preparation of reasonable construction technology and organization an important basis for the program is to ensure the constructio

14、n quality of housing construction is one important aspect. 3.2 check the design and construction plans, raised questions about the construction plans to participate in the design and construction plans tests, etc.The project department should organize the construction and technical personnel, sub-ar

15、chitecture, structure, drainage, electrical engineering, installation and engineering expertise to the construction drawing review, review of drawings should pay attention to cross-disciplinary and integrated on-site construction of the conditions imposed on the professional proposed there are doubt

16、s in finishing construction drawings, and submit questions about the project owners and design institutes. Design Institute convened by the project owner, supervision unit, construction unit related personnel to participate in the design and construction plans tests, be meeting at which introduced t

17、he design intent from the design staff to discuss the construction plans submitted by the parties questions answered by the designer to create the meeting minutes. As one of the basis of construction, so that drawings can be resolved in the contradiction between the various professional design, erro

18、rs and omission, to pave the way for the construction of housing construction will help control the construction quality of housing construction. 3.3 According to the scale of housing construction, the project features and construction enterprise technical force of the preparation of the implementat

19、ion of the construction organization design.Construction organization design to guide the construction preparation and organization of the construction of a comprehensive technical and economic documents. Implementation of construction organization design according to design documents, project chara

20、cteristics, site conditions, construction, degree of difficulty, the construction schedule and construction enterprise technology for the preparation of such factors as power, the construction organization design should be imposed on the nature of rationality, operability. The design of the construc

21、tion organization to control a two-pronged: First, the selection of construction program, to develop the construction schedule, we must consider the construction sequence, the construction flow, the main sub-part of the project's construction methods, special projects construction methods and te

22、chnical measures can be any assurance of project quality; the second is to develop construction programs, the need for technical and economic comparison, so that the project to meet the compliance, effectiveness and reliability requirements to obtain a short construction period, low cost, safe produ

23、ction, quality of good economic efficiency. 3.4 Housing construction project control traverse network test set.Housing construction project control traverse network according to the original owners reference point, reference lines, elevation and other data cited raw data measurements, according to t

24、he main axis of the establishment of housing design construction survey control network, quality control prior to the commencement of a basic work. And accurate determination and protect the venue and the main axis horizontal control network of the pile-bit, the whole venue buildings and structures

25、based on location is to ensure the accuracy and the smooth progress of the construction works basis. 4. The construction phase of the quality management and control is the core of quality management . 4.1 Organization of construction technological details. Accordance with the engineering importance

26、of the project pre-construction unit shall be responsible for enterprise or project technology and comprehensive technical tests, people's organizations. Engineering complex, long duration of work can be the basis, structure, installation, decoration equal portions and organized technical tests,

27、 in several stages. Prior to the construction of the sub-project shall be responsible for project technology to the construction of technical staff, to participate in the project of construction of all types of work group leaders and co-head tests, be carried out. During the construction of the sub-

28、projects, and then from the construction technical staff and group leaders to conduct comprehensive tests, be to the operation of the workers. Tests, be included drawings correspondent, construction organization design correspondent, sub-project technical tests, security tests, be so. Through the te

29、sts, be clear on the axis, size, elevation, set aside holes, embedded parts, materials, specifications and meet the ratio requirements, a clear overlapping processes, types of co-construction methods, and progress of implementation arrangements, clear quality, safety, cost-saving measures. In additi

30、on to tests, be in the form of written, oral, the model can be used when necessary, demonstration, etc. operations. 4.2 The construction process of the measurement and control. During the construction, according to the preparation phase of construction to do the building of houses, housing project c

31、ontrol traverse network foundation, the main body axis, elevation control, for the original project owner for a given reference point, such as the baseline measurement and reference elevation control points should be done a good review of the work, after examination and approval before they can accu

32、rately measure accordingly actinomycetes. Civil measurements. Civil measurement include: building axis positioning, basic construction surveying, masonry elevation of the level of control and measurement of gray seam, floor axis measurement, floors and other high-level delivery. Building orientation

33、 is to profile the axis of housing, the intersection of calibration on the ground, and then measured based on these intersection-based housing in detail; the basis of pre-construction survey is the foundation excavation of foundation pit (tank) Excavation sideline to stake out, and when the foundati

34、on trench dug up after a certain depth in the tank wall and the elevation of the axis established by the measurement and review of pile; masonry elevation of the level of control and measurement of gray seam, when the foundation and walls built with brick, the elevation for the control of base and w

35、all , to set the brick skin a few shots. Therefore, the number of posts is set to skin testing; floor axis measurements, in multi-storey masonry walls during construction in order to ensure the correct location of the building axis, in the center line on each floor were measured in established long-

36、term l 2 s short-term 2 3 axes of control; floors of high-level transfer is measured in multi-storey construction, it is necessary to pass from the lower floor to the upper elevation, so that floor, doors, windows, interior decoration projects such as the elevation in line with design requirements.

37、Measurement of industrial buildings. Since large-scale industrial plants, equipment complexity, thus requiring plant and equipment within the axis of the column-based interaction between the location of the axis should have a high precision, but also for precast plant location and elevation control

38、installation, in order to ensure that all components between the position in line with design requirements. Therefore, the main axis of the plant must be measured plinth construction survey, pole installation surveying, installation of crane beam measurement, equipment, basic and embedded bolt measu

39、rement. Measurement of high-rise buildings. High-rise building site control measurements, the above basic plane and elevation control and general civil measuring the same, should give special attention to the building and construction process of the vertical degree of settlement deformation detectio

40、n. On the degree of deviation of the vertical high-rise buildings must be strictly controlled, shall not exceed the specified requirements. High-rise building construction, the need for a periodic settlement deformation observation in order to promptly identify problems and take measures to ensure t

41、hat building construction safety. 4.3 Material quality control. The procurement of construction materials required for the project, it is necessary for a number of comparison and selection of suppliers for supplier qualification, quality assurance system, production capacity, production process, per

42、formance, and reputation and a comprehensive comparison, the merit-based selection of qualified suppliers the prerequisite is to ensure quality of materials. Entering the construction site of raw materials, semi-finished products, components, fittings according to type, variety, area piled up, to be

43、 identified; have the moisture, moisture-proof material requirements, there must be water-resistant moisture-proof measures, easy to damage the material, equipment, do Good protection, reducing material loss, deterioration. To establish a materials management system, material procurement, processing

44、, transportation, storage building management system, to accelerate the material flow, reducing the amount of material occupied, avoiding material loss, deterioration, according to the quality, quantity and on schedule to meet project needs. The main materials used in engineering, but also strengthe

45、n the inspection and acceptance and quality materials, sample testing approach should be a factory certification and materials laboratory orders; material quality sampling and testing methods according to the provisions of the location, quantity, and the requirements of mining operations . Where ide

46、ntity is unclear or that there are problems of quality materials, the need for follow-up inspection to ensure quality; who have not been tested and verified to be defective raw materials, semi-finished products, components, fittings and engineering equipment can not be put into use. 4.4 Control of C

47、onstruction Machinery and Equipment. Construction project on the use of machinery and equipment should be based on project characteristics, project size and duration requirements, according to the necessity, feasibility and economic principles to determine the form of its use. Machinery and equipmen

48、t used in the form of: self-purchasing, leasing, contracting and deployment. How to use in what form, should be adopted to determine the technical and economic analysis. The selection of construction machinery and equipment, injection machinery. Should implement the principle of human-computer fixed

49、, the implementation of fixed machines, will be, who was scheduled status responsibilities, "Sanding" system, good maintenance and repair of machinery and equipment to ensure the good performance of machinery and equipment, improving machinery and equipment utilization, as far as possible

50、to achieve a Multi use, give full play to its efficiency. 4.5 Construction process quality control. Process known as "Operation." Product manufacturing process is a basic part of the process, but also the basic unit of production process organization, process quality control is to limit th

51、e volatility of the process quality within the boundaries of the required quality control activities carried out, the ultimate goal of quality control procedures is to ensure the stability production of qualified construction products. Building Construction civil construction, including formwork, st

52、eel works, concrete works, masonry works, plastering works as a project quality management process quality and control focus. Formwork. Construction of the template should have sufficient carrying capacity, rigidity and stability, which can secure a new pouring of concrete to withstand the weight an

53、d lateral pressure, as well as in the construction process arising from a variety of loads, before the construction of key parts of the template, Stent the design and safety checking. For the span of not less than 4m in-situ reinforced concrete flat-slab, its template design requirements should be b

54、agging, when the design is no specific requirement, bagging height should span 1/1000-3/1000. Welds should be the template of its plasma leakage and should not be greater than 2.5mm, the surface height difference of two adjacent template should not be larger than 2mm, fixed on the template on the em

55、bedded parts, set aside shall not be omitted and the holes to ensure an accurate installation of solid, template and the contact surface to be painted concrete release agent and release agent is strictly prohibited sticky dirt and construction joints of reinforced concrete. Prior to the pouring of c

56、oncrete, the template should be moist before watering, but the template should not have stagnant water, debris within the templates to be cleaned. Template removal shall not damage the edges and corners of concrete components, bottom mold up to the required strength of concrete shall be removed only

57、 after. Reinforcement Project.Reinforcement level, type and diameter of the design requirements should be adopted, steel processing, shape, size must meet the design requirements. When the need for substitution , the design unit should be agreed and completed the change. Steel surfaces should be cle

58、an, no damage no oil stains. The end of grade I reinforced the need for 180 hooks, stirrups should be 135 hook, when the force of reinforced mechanical connection joints or welded joints, set in the same component within the joints should be staggered with each other, their joints connecting section

59、s of the length of 35d (for the longitudinal reinforcement force larger diameter) and not less than 500 mm, which would be the same connection section, the joint force area of the total steel area of not more than 50%; the same component in the adjacent vertical force The lashing steel lap joints should be staggered, steel banding lap joint section of the lap length is 1.3 times the length of the lap joints where the center is located within the connection section of the lap joints belong to the same connection section joints area of the to