初中定语从句专题_第1页
初中定语从句专题_第2页
初中定语从句专题_第3页
初中定语从句专题_第4页
初中定语从句专题_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩20页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

1、 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如: The story that you read is The Little Prince. She looked at Jeff, who was waving his arms. 上面两句中的Jeff和story是定语从句所修饰的词,叫“先行词”。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who (宾格 whom, 所有格 whose)和关系副词where, when, why。关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分。1. 由关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词例 句That在从句中作主语或宾语指物1

2、. A plane is a machine that can fly. (作主语)2. The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. ( 作宾语)指人1. Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there. (作主语)2. The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jims sister. (作宾语)which在从句中作主语或宾语指物1. They planted the trees which didnt need much water.(作主语)2. The f

3、ish (which) we bought were not fresh. (作宾语)who, whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语指人1. The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.(作主语)2. The boy who broke the window is called Michael.(作主语)3. The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.(作宾语)4. Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write.(作宾

4、语)whose在从句中作定语指人1. Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.2. Harry is the boy whose mother is our Maths teacher.2. 由关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词例 句when指时间1. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.2. Well never forget the happy time when we worked on the far.where指地点1. This is

5、 the house where we lived last year.2. The factory where his father works is in the west of the city.why指原因1. There are several reasons why we cant do that.2. He couldnt give the teacher a good reason why he was late for school.注: 1) that和which在从句作主语时,不能省略;作宾语时,在口语和非正式文体中经常省略。whom也常可省略。2) 关系代词whom,

6、which在从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。如:The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner.The athlete whom you talked to is a famous runner.但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。如:Is this the watch which he is looking for?The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well

7、 now.3) 关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时,介词不能放在它的前面,只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。如:The city that she lives in is very far away.4) 关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。如:The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.3. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1) 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号隔开。 She has

8、 found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. How do you apologise to your friend whose bike you lost? The accident happened on the day when I lost my job. 2) 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切,只是对先行词做些附加的说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,一般不用that引导。 Helen, who was sitting on my left, said that this meal wa

9、s the best she had ever had. Lijiang, where I was born, is very beautiful. John, who speaks Spanish, works there. Dinner starts with a small dish, which is called a starter. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who looked very tired. I spent a whole afternoon with John, who was very friendly and helpful.【要点难点】

10、1.that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况: 先行词由最高级修饰时,如the best work that I can do. 先行词由序数词修饰时,如the second book that I bought. 先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时 先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时,如anything that he does; all that I can do now等。 先行词有any, no, all等限定词时, 如a

11、ll the words that Ive learned. 先行词为词组,该词组既含人又含物时,如the city and the people that I visited.只用which的情况: 在非限定性定语从句中(定语从句前有逗号)。 介词后。请看that 和 which 的使用例句:Its the best film thats ever been made on the subject of madness.这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。Shakespeare is the greatest poet that England has ever had. 莎士比亚是

12、英国最伟大的诗人。(本句中先行词虽是人,但由于前面也有形容词最高级修饰,仍用that较好)Take the first opportunity that offers.抓住第一个出现的机会。He is the last person that one would suspect.人们最不可能怀疑他。Man is the only creature that is gifted with speech.只有人类具有语言的天赋。A fool sees not the same tree that a wise man sees.一个傻瓜看到的树和一个聪明人看到的树不一样。Those were th

13、e very words that he said at the meeting.这些就是他在会上说的原话。All that glitters is not gold.闪光的并不都是金子。 Anything that you have to say had better be said in each others presence.有话最好当面说。 Theres still much that is to be done.仍然有很多事要做。 I have changed my mind. Nothing that you say will change it.我已经改变了主意,无论你说什么也

14、无法改变它。 Nobody that was there could convince her of her mistake. 这没有一个人能使她明白她的错误。 Every paper that you read gives the same story.你看到的每份报纸都报道同样的新闻。 I still cant forget the places and the people that I visited during last summer vacation.2. 关系代词(that, which, who, whom等)和关系副词(when, where等)的用法区别1)关系代词在定语

15、从句作主语、宾语或表语,而关系副词在定语从句中作状语;2)分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。This is the factory where my father once worked.(worked是不及物动词不接宾语,所以不用which/that。Where相当于in the factory)This is the factory which/that my father once worked in. (worked in的宾语是factory,固用关系代词which/that)I will never forget the days which/that I spent in

16、 the wood near our village.(the days是spent的宾语)I will never forget the days when I spent my holidays with my grandparents.(spent的宾语是holidays,不是the days)I will never forget the small village where I spent my holidays.(与上句一样,spent的宾语是my holidays.)Is this the school which/that you visited the other day?

17、 (the school作visited的宾语)Is this the school where you visited your teacher the other day? (visited在定语从句中有自己的宾语your teacher, 所以不用that/which) 3. those who和he who句型 两个常用句型。He who常用于谚语中。 He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。 God helps those who help themselves.上帝帮助自强的人。 He who ins

18、ists on seeing with perfect cleanness before he decides never decides.坚持一切看清楚之后才做决定的人永远也做不了决定。 He was a bold man who first ate an oyster.第一个吃duli的人是勇敢的人。 4. whose的用法 Whose是关系限定词,既可以指人也可以指物,既可以说“某人的”,也可以说“某物的”。 Fortune never helps the man whose courage fails.运气永远不会帮助丧失勇气的人。 Thats the man whose house

19、has burned down.那就是那位房屋烧毁的人。 Have you noticed the house whose windows are closed now? 你注意到了那家窗户关着的房子吗? Hes written a book whose name I have completely forgotten.他写了一本书,书名我完全忘记了。 Above the trees are the mountains, whose magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.在树林的高处是山,其壮丽的景色完全映照在河面上

20、。 注:在正式文体中,指物时,whose往往用of which表示。Of which可放在被修饰的名词之前或之后,而whose只能放在被修饰的名词之前。例如:The house whose windows/of which the windows/the windows of which are broken is unoccupied. (那间窗户破了的房屋没人居住。) Whose前有时有介词。 The teacher in whose class my daughter is studying is a kindhearted man.我女儿所在班的那位老师心地善良 Michel Croz

21、, with whose help, Woolworth climbed to the mountain top, was one of the professional guides.米歇尔 克罗兹是职业向导之一,在他的帮助下伍德奥斯攀登到了山顶。 Then we had a chance to talk with that tall man, from whose accent we at once knew that he came from Hunan Province.后来我们有机会和那个高个子说话,我们从他的口音迅速知道他是个湖南人。 5. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

22、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别:限制性定语从句是先行词(即被修饰词)不可缺少的定语,限制性定语从句前不用逗号隔开;非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的附加说明,如果去掉,先行词所述对象仍很清楚,非限制性定语从句前常用逗号隔开。 Those who want to go camping please tell the monitor.想去野营的人请告诉班长。 Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.足球风靡全世界,它是一项很有趣的运动。 注意,非限制性定语从句可以用关系代词which, w

23、ho, whom, whose, as及介词+which/whom等引导,也可以用关系副词when, where引导,但不能用that引导。另外,非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词是不能省略的。 6. whom的用法 只有作定语从句的宾语时才能用whom;介词后用whom不用who。 My brother, whom you met the other day, has gone abroad.前几天你遇见过的我的那个兄弟,出国去了。 I have a few friends whom I could ring to see if they are free.我有几个朋友,我可以打电话去联

24、系,看看他们是不是有时间。 You have many people around you who are kind to you but whom you will soon forget.你周围有许多对你好的人,但你都会很快忘记她们。 There came a lot of children, most of whom I didnt know.来了许多孩子,大多数我都不认识。 7.介词+which/whom引导的定语从句 如果关系代词which/whom本身在定语从句中充当一个介词或介词短语的宾语的时候,有时可以将介词直接放在which/whom的前面,这样就产生了“介词+关系代词”及“

25、名词或代词+介词+which/whom”或“复合介词+which/whom”等的结构。 I know the man to whom you talked just now.我认识你刚才与之说话的那个人。 Life is a flower of which love is honey.人生是话多,爱情是花蜜。 He was educated at the local grammar school, after which he went on to Cambridge.当在当地的一所中学上学,此后就去上了剑桥大学。 Its a family of five children, all of w

26、hom are studying music.这一家有五个孩子,他们都在学音乐。 In the attic we found some apples, none of which was fit to eat.在阁楼里我们发现了一些苹果,其中没有一个能吃的。 I have three brothers, all of whom have gone abroad.我有三个兄弟,他们都出国了。 Soon they spotted a mountain, on top of which stood a temple.不久他们发现了一座山,山顶上有一座庙宇。 8.why引导的定语从句 关系副词why用

27、在reason之后,只引导限制性定语从句,why在从句中作状语,表示原因。 Give me the reason why you should be interested in his affairs.告诉我你为什么竟对他的事这样感兴趣。 The reason why she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat.她生病的原因是她吃了变质的肉。 That is the reason why he raised the question.这就是他所以提出问题的原因。 注意:有时reason后不一定是why引导的定语从句。如下列句子中,reason后接的是

28、which/that引导的定语从句,这是因为,reason在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 Is this the reason which/that the chairman gave at the meeting?这就是主席在会上所给的理由吗? I really cant understand the reason that/which he explained.我实在无法理解他所解释的理由。 9. where引导定语从句有时修饰一些具有抽象意义的表示地点的名词,如situation, point, position等等。 If you are ever in a situation where

29、 someone starts shooting, drop to the ground.如果你遇到有人要射击的情况就摔倒在地上。 But after a few days stay they got to the point where they could read each others thoughts.不过呆了几天之后,他们到了一个彼此能理解相互想法的阶段。 It got to the point where I couldnt remember any of the reasons I loved him.到那时候,我无法记起我爱他的任何理由了。 10. the way后的定语从句

30、 The way后的定语从句中用in which引导, in which可以用that代替,而that又可以省略。所以,表达“某人做某事的方法”有三种形式:1. the way in which somebody does something 2. the way that somebody does something 3. the way somebody does something 11. which指代前面的句中内容 Which的这一用法只能以非限制性定语从句出现 Jenny was late for school a third time during the wee, which

31、 made her teacher very angry.詹妮一周内第三次迟到了,这使得她老是很生气。 He left early, which was wise.他早早地离开,那是很明智的。 He suddenly became wealthy, which changed his whole mode of life.他忽然变得富有了,这改变了他整个的生活方式。 He often helps me with my lessons, which is kind of him.他经常在功课方面帮助我,真实感谢他。12. which作关系限定词的情况Which作为关系限定词时,其本身代替前面所述

32、的内容。She asked me to see the doctor, which advice I took at once.她要我去看医生,我立即采纳了她的建议。He is studying economics, which knowledge is very important today.他正在攻读经济学,这门知识在今天是非常重要的。He believes in students doing more homework, which idea I am quite opposed to.他相信要让学生做更多的家庭作业,我非常反对这个观点。Which的这种用法常伴随介词而用。常见的词组形

33、式有by which means, during which time, in which case, for which mistake, for which reason等等。She may have missed the train, in which case (= if this happens) she wont arrive for another hour.她也许没赶上火车,如果那样的话,她一小时是到不了的。I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize.我叫错了他的名字,为此我道歉。I called

34、him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologize.我叫错了他的名字,为此我道歉。He didnt feel well that morning, for which reason he didnt attend school.那天早晨他感到不舒服,因此,他没去上学。Tom spent four years in college, during which time be learned French.汤姆在大学上了四年学,在这段时间里,他学会了法语。 13. as用法 关系代词as引导定语从句有两种形式。1)as引导一个非限制性定语从句修

35、饰一个分句,as代表该分句所表达的整个概念或其中一部分的概念。as定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾;as本身在从句中充当主语、宾语及表语。2)用于asas, the sameas, soas, suchas等结构中。 as用法的第一种情况: As is known to all, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳旋转。 He must be an African, as may be seen from the colour of his skin.他准是个非洲人,这可以从他的肤色看得出来。 If he comes late, as is us

36、ual, for another time, well not receive him.如果他再一次像以往那样迟到,我们就不接待他了。 She is a fine singer, as her mother used to be.她是个很出色的歌唱家,就像她的母亲当年一样。 As you will find out, all is now settled.你会发现,现在一切都解决了。 Helen is somewhat crazy, as everyone could see.海伦有些精神错乱,这种情况每个人都看得出。 注意这一类的as表面上看好像和which代替全句时的用法想死,但as引导的

37、定语从句的最大特点是它的意思多侧重于表达“(正)像、(正)如”及类似的意思。一般说来,当关系代词在从句中作be动词的主语或一般动词的宾语时,which和as可交替使用;当关系代词在从句中作一般动词(非be动词)的主语时,只能用which;as可置于句首、句中,而which则不能。 He was late for school, as/which was usual with him.他上学迟到了,他经常这样。 He saw the girl, as/which he had hoped ( he would ).他见到了那位姑娘,正像他希望的那样。 He saw the girl, which delighted him.他见到了那位姑娘,这使得他很开心。(句中的which不能用as代替,因为从句中的delighted是非be动词) As has been said before, grammar is not a set of dead rules.正如上面所说的那样,语法不是一套死的规则。(句中的As不能用Which代替,因为此定语从句置于句首) as用法的第二种情况: Theres as

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论