202X_202X学年高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元重点小结课件新人教版必修3

1、-1-单元重点小结重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读1.violent adj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的 n.暴力violently adv.猛烈地;激烈地 例如:There was a violent storm yesterday,which caused buses to be late.昨天一场猛烈的暴风雨,造成公交车迟到。2.in time on time按时;at one time曾经,一度;at a time每次,一次;at times有时;in no time立刻,马上;ahead of time提前;at the same time同时;all the time一直,

2、始终例如:Will we be in time for the six oclock concert?我们来得及赶上六点钟的音乐会吗?violence 及时;终于 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读3.harmful adj. harm n.害处vt.伤害,损害;harmless adj.无害的;be harmful to sb./sth.= do harm to sb./sth.= do sb./sth.harm 对某人/某事有害例如:Eating a large amount of sweets is harmful to your teeth.吃太多的糖对你牙齿有害。4.exi

3、st vi.存在;生存 n.存在,生存;come into existence形成,出现 There exists.有例如:The idea exists only in the minds of those who are generous.这种想法只有那些慷慨的人才有。有害的 existence 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读5.give birth to at birth出生时;by birth天生,生来;be of good/noble birth出身名门;bring.to birth使产生例如:His wife gave birth to a healthy baby

4、boy.他的妻子生了个健康的男婴。6.prevent.from阻止;制止同义词组:stop.from,keep.from例如:Trees on mountains can prevent soil (from)being washed away.山上的树木能够阻止土壤被冲走。7.puzzle n.谜;难题vt.& vi.(使)迷惑;(使)为难puzzle about/over仔细琢磨;puzzle out琢磨出答案 adj.感到迷惑的; adj.令人困惑的 例如:They are puzzling about the problem.他们正在琢磨那个问题。产生;分娩 puzzled p

5、uzzling 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读8.now that 例如:Now that we have the chance to improve ourselves,we should make good use of it.既然我们有机会来提高我们自己,那我们就好好利用它吧。9.break out突发;爆发break up解散,破碎,结束;break through突破;break away from脱离;break down出故障,垮掉;break in闯入;break into闯入,强行进入例如:A fire broke out on Sunday afternoon

6、 at the scene of the explosion.星期日下午在爆炸现场发生了火灾。10.watch out for密切注意;当心;提防watch out小心;watch out (for)=look out (for)例如:Watch out for the young man who is watching you.提防那个一直注视着你的人。既然 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读1.As a result of this,many scientists believe the earth may become .许多科学家认为地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物生存。2

7、.But when I tried to step forward,I found I was carried _ on the earth and fell over.但是当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。3.walking does need a bit of practice gravity has changed.重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。too hot to live on twice as far as now that 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读Noun clauses as the subj

8、ect主语从句1. it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.2. many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.3.So life will continue on t

9、he earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.What What whether 重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读Instructions(指示)1.Please pay attention to.请注意2.Please check that.请核实3.Please look at.请看4.Make sure that.务必5.Dont forget to.不要忘记6.Watch out for.当心7.You need to.你需要8.Youd be

10、tter.你最好9.You must/mustnt.你必须/一定不要重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读语篇填空解题技巧二语篇填空解题技巧二有提示词类有提示词类这种形式主要考查词性转换、名词的数、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级、动词的时态和语态、主谓一致以及非谓语动词的形式。解答这类题目时,首先需要判断设空处在句子中的功能,其次再决定该用什么形式。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读一、提示词为动词1.考查谓语动词时,要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等。【例1】 A boy on a bike (catch) my attention.剖析:caught 此处应为谓语动词形式,考查时态

11、和语态。且根据上下文可以得知,此处表示过去的动作,故用一般过去时。【例2】 Yangshuo (be) really beautiful.剖析:is分析句子结构可知,这里要填写的是谓语动词的形式,而且该句描述的是客观事实,所以用一般现在时。而且主语是地名,故用单数形式,还考查了主谓一致。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读2.考查非谓语动词时,要判断非谓语动词在句中所作的成分。首先要考虑用动词-ing形式、-ed形式还是不定式,同时还要考虑非谓语动词的时态和语态。作主语或宾语时,通常用动词-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。作定语时,动词与被修饰词之间是主动关系用动

12、词-ing形式,是被动关系用-ed形式,如果强调将来的动作,用不定式。 作状语时,关键也是要看清与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。当表示目的时,则只有不定式形式。【例3】 It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.剖析:to reduce此处为it作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语,构成It took(sb.)some time to do sth.这一结构。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【例4】 A study of travelers (conduct) by the webs

13、ite Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.剖析:conducted分析句子结构可知,句子中有谓语动词names,故这里要填写的是非谓语动词形式。conduct和a study之间为被动关系,因此用过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰a study。【例5】 When (ask),my boys will help neaten their room, clear their plates from the table and pick up their school junk.剖析:as

14、ked空格处前面虽有when,但没有主语,因此不能用谓语形式,此处为状语从句中的省略,ask的逻辑主语为my boys,根据句意可知二者为被动关系,故用过去分词形式作状语。因此用asked。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读3.考查词性转换,可能是由动词转换成名词。需要注意名词的单复数。【例6】 However,the worst (impress) is that I was feeling hungry all the time.剖析:impression此处提示词虽然为动词,但根据分析可知,前面为形容词最高级worst,因此后面要用名词形式,故此处要用impression。重点

15、词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读二、提示词为形容词或者副词如果提示词是形容词,可能考查提示词的反义词、副词、比较级或者名词等,考查副词的情况居多。如果提示词是副词,最可能考查的是比较等级,这时要根据其标志词than、修饰比较级或者最高级的词如much,even,by far等、固定句型以及具体语境来判断是否用比较级或者最高级的形式。【例7】 And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Ho

16、ng Kong,says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.剖析:regularly此处考查形容词转换为副词的情况。分析句子结构可知,这里要填写副词修饰动词arranges。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【例8】 In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (able) to “air condition” a hous

17、e without using electric equipment.剖析:ability考查名词。由空前的their可知,此处应用able的名词形式。【例9】 The more Mike challenges himself,the (well) he masters his skills.剖析:better分析句子可知,这里是“the+比较级,the +比较级”结构。well是副词,其比较级是better。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读三、提示词为名词当括号内提供的是名词时,最有可能考查的是名词的数。有时候也考查其形容词形式,但有时也可能考查其副词、动词等形式。【例10】 A

18、s (nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.剖析:natural考查名词转换为形容词的情况。由空后的名词architects可知,要用nature的形容词形式来修饰名词。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读四、提示词为代词当括号内提供的词是代词时,应填其宾格、反身代词以及物主代词的形式。要根据其在句子中的成分选择正确的形式。【例11】 But I didnt c

19、are.A few hours before/earlier,Id been at home in Hong Kong,with (it) choking smog.剖析:its此处考查代词的转换。这里要用形容词性物主代词修饰choking smog。【例12】 A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear! Its (I).”剖析:me/mine此处回答上文“有人丢箱子了吗?”,因此可以将it看作回答上文提到的人,故要用宾格形式,也可以把it看作指代“箱子”,故要用mine,表示“我的箱子”。重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读【文章导读】地球之所以适合人类

20、生存,在于它有足够的氧气、充足的水、合适的温度等。有人说,科学家发现火星也存在适合人类生存的条件。是真的吗?The earth is the only planet(行星)that scientists think has life.Why does the earth have life while the other planets dont? For one thing,the earth has just the right temperature.As the third planet from the sun,the earth seems to be just the right

21、 distance away.The planets which are closer to the sun are so hot because their surfaces are baked (烘烤)in the sun.The farthest planets are cold balls.重点词汇重点句型重点语法功能走进高考拓展阅读When the earth developedwhich scientists believe may have happened about 4 billion years ago many gases covered the earth.The ga

22、ses caused the earth to be hot.But something wonderful happened.The temperature was just right for thick clouds to form.It rained very hard for a very long time.This gave the earth its oceans. Water made it possible for plants to grow.The plants created oxygen in the atmosphere.Oxygen is the gas that humans and animals breathe.Another planet in the solar system seems to be something like the earth.That