变态心理学8人格障碍student

1、变态心理学8人格障碍studentHistoric OverviewlPsychopathic personality(病态人格) : Kraepelin，1909lPsychopathylPersonality Disorder DefinitionlDSM- Diagnostic CriterialA. An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individuals culture. This pattern is man

2、ifested in two (or more ) of the following areas:l1. Cognition (ie, ways of perceiving and interpreting self, other people, and events)l2. Affectivity (ie, the range, intensity, lability, and appropriateness of emotional response)l3. Interpersonal functioningl4. Impulse controlDefinitionlB. The endu

3、ring pattern is inflexible and pervasive across a broad range of personal and social situationlC. The enduring pattern leads to clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.lD. The pattern is stable and of long duration ands its onset

4、 can be traced back at least to adolescence or early adulthood. The individual is at least age 18. There is evidence of conduct disorder with onset before age 15.lE. The enduring pattern is not better accounted for as a manifestation of another mental disorderlF. The enduring pattern is not due to t

5、he direct physiological effects of a substance (eg, a drug of abuse, a medication ) or a general medical condition (eg, head trauma)DefinitionlCCMD-R Diagnostic Criterial症状标准：个人的内心体验与行为特征在整体上与其文化所期望和所接受的范围明显偏离，这种偏离是广泛的、稳定的和长期的，并至少有下列1项l（1）认知（感知及解释人和事物，由此形成对自我及他人的态度和形象的方式）的异常偏离l（2）情感（范围、强度及适切的情感唤起和反应

6、）的异常偏离l（3）控制冲动及满足个人需要的异常偏离l（4）人际关系的异常偏离Definitionl严重程度标准：特殊行为模式的异常偏离，使病人或其他人（如家属）感到痛苦或社会适应不良l病程标准：开始于童年、青少年期，现年18岁以上，至少已持续两年l排除标准：人格特征的异常偏离并非躯体疾病或精神障碍的表现或后果。Major Etiological TheorylGenetic Factor： Shield（1962）：同卵双生子研究Major Etiological TheorylBiological Factorl反社会人格障碍皮层抑制功能和警觉能力降低，脑电图有较多慢波，交感神经反应减弱l

7、冲动型或边缘型人格5-HT能神经元功能降低Major Etiological TheorylPsychosocial Factorl家庭环境问题l1.童年期遭受虐待（Abuse）l2.家庭关系不良l父母教育方式Categories of Personality disorderlDSM-lCluster A: (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal) ,which includes individuals who are odd and eccentriclCluster B: (antisocial, borderline, histrionic , narciss

8、istic), which includes individuals with dramatic, acting-out behaviors and who have problems with empathy lCluster C: (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive ), which includes personality styles marked by prominent anxiety and novelty avoidanceClassificationlAntisocial Personality Disorder (反社会型人

9、格障碍)lParanoid Personality Disorder（偏执型人格障碍）lSchizoid Personality Disorder（分裂样型人格障碍）lHistrionic Personality Disorder（表演型人格障碍）lDependent Personality Disorder（依赖型人格障碍）lObsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder（强迫型人格障碍） CCMD-RAntisocial Personality Disorder ( (反社会型人格障碍反社会型人格障碍) )l又称无情型人格障碍（Affectionless

10、 personality disorder），是对社会影响最严重的类型特点l男性多见l高度攻击性l无羞惭感l行为无计划性l社会适应不良反社会型人格障碍患者违法与一般犯罪的区别反社会型人格障碍患者违法与一般犯罪的区别反社会型人格障碍患者违法一般犯罪无计划性，常常是情绪冲突或本能愿望驱使有计划、有预谋犯罪动机模糊违法目的明显缺乏掩饰作案手法隐蔽狡诈严重影响心理活动的各个方面，持续和长期的行为障碍人格缺陷，但未达到人格障碍的程度完全形式责任能力完全形式责任能力特点l男性多见,又名狂信型人格（Fanatic personality），诡辩型人格（Querulant personality）l 固执、敏

11、感多疑、好妒l 自我评价过高，拒绝接受他人批评l 心理活动经常处于紧张状态，高度警惕Paranoid Personality Disorder（偏执型人格障碍）特点l男性多见l孤独、退缩、不与人交往l情感淡漠，爱好不多l对人缺乏热情，缺乏知心朋友l活动能力差，缺乏进取性Schizoid Personality Disorder（分裂样型人格障碍）分裂样型人格障碍）Histrionic Personality Disorder（表演型人格障碍）（表演型人格障碍）特点l女性多见l情感过程的不成熟性l情感带有戏剧化色彩，过分做作和夸张的行为 l暗示性很强 l自我中心Dependent Personality Disorder（依赖型人格障碍）（依赖型人格障碍）特点l女性多见l缺乏自信，无助感l被遗弃感 l缺乏独立性 l为了获得别人的帮助，随时需要有人在场，独处时便感到极大的不适 Obsessive-compulsive Personality Disorder（强迫型人格障碍）（强迫型人格障碍