现在完成时课件精品

1、2021/3/261现在完成时现在完成时 The Present Perfect Tense2021/3/262 现在完成时的基本结构现在完成时的基本结构 have/has+动词动词过去分词过去分词 （hashas用于第三人称单数）用于第三人称单数）2021/3/263过去分词的变化过去分词的变化: (1)规则变化规则变化 一般在动词原形末尾 加-ed-ed work play worked played worked played 结尾是e的动词加-d-d hope live hoped lived hoped lived 末尾只有一个辅音字 母的重读闭音节词,先 双写这个辅音字母,再 加-

2、 -eded stop trip stopped tripped stopped tripped 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,先变“y y”为“ i i”再加-ed-ed study worry studiedworried studiedworried2021/3/264不规则动词的过去式以及过去分词巧记规律 AAA: put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeaten2021/3/265AAA cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-

3、put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt 原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词,结尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊特殊: :动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致,read-read-read,但发音分别是ri:d-red-red。 2021/3/266有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的:run-ran-runcome-came-come become-became-becomeovercome-overcame-overcomeABA2021/3/267原型原型过去式过去式过去分词过去分词

4、例词例词-eep-ept-eptkeep,sweep,sleep-ell-old-oldsell,tell-d-t-tlend,spend,send,build-ay-aid-aidsay,pay,lay-n-nt-ntburn,learn,mean-ee-e-e-meet,feed-ought-oughtbring,buy,fight,think-aught-aughtcatch,teachABB(含规则动词含规则动词)2021/3/2681.另有一些其它形式的变化。have (has)-had-had leave-left-leftlose-lost-lost make-made-made

5、feel-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood2. 改变单词中间元音字母。sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-wonshine-shone-shone hold-held-heldfind-found-found hear-heard-heardhang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged)ABB(含规则动词含规则动词)2021/3/269ABC原型原型过去式过去式过去分过去分词词例词例词-eak-oke-okenbreak,speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwe

6、ar,bear,tear-ow（aw）-ew-owngrow,blow,know,throw,draw-i-a-u-sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin-i-o-ndrive,rise,ride,write2021/3/2610ABC有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en,变成以en结尾的单词。 take-took-taken give-gave-givenfall-fell-fallen eat-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spokenfreeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden g

7、et-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)特殊: am/is-was-been are-were-been,do (does)-did-done go-went-gonesee-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied) 2021/3/2611I. 写出下列动词的过去分词形式写出下列动词的过去分词形式.1. wake _ 2. teach _ 3. sell _4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _7. choose _ 8. thro

8、w _ 9. think _10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _13. bring _ 14. break _15. give _16. get _17. know _ 18. open _19. write _ 20. forget _woken taughtsold seenridden paid chosen thrownthought eaten driven caught brought brokengiven gotgotten known openedwritten forgotten2021/3/2612第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三

9、人称肯定句肯定句( (主语主语 + + 助动词助动词have/has + 动词的词的过去分词。过去分词。) )I have written an article.We have written an article.You have written an article.You have written an article.He/She/It has written an article.They have written an article.否定句否定句( (主语主语 + + 助动词助动词have/has + not + have/has + not + 动词的过去分词。动词的过去分词。

10、) )I havent written an article.We havent written an article.You havent written an article.You havent written an article.He/She/It hasnt written an article.They havent written an article.一般疑问句一般疑问句( (助动词助动词Have/Has + Have/Has + 主语主语 + + 动词的过去动词的过去分词分词?)?)Have you written an article?Have you written a

11、n article?Have you written an article?Have you written an article?Has he/she/it written an article?Have they written an article?特殊疑问句特殊疑问句( (特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+have/has+have/has+主语主语+ +动动词的过去分词词的过去分词? ?) )What have you done ?What have you done ?What have you done ?What have you done ?What has he/she/it done

12、 ?What have they done ?现在完成时的基本句型现在完成时的基本句型:2021/3/2613（改为否定句和一般疑问句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day. I havent seen him since his wedding day .Have you seen him since his wedding day?Yes,I have. / No, I havent.2021/3/2614 He has written to me since I have been ill.(改否定句和一般疑问句) Has he writ

13、ten to you since you have been ill? He hasnt written to me since I have been illYes, he has.No, he hasnt.2021/3/2615 现在完成时的基本用法现在完成时的基本用法 (一)表示在说话之前就已经完成的动作或存在的状态。它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系。常用的时间状语有already/yet/ever/never/just/before等.- Its so dark.- Someone has turned off the light already.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在

14、造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)- Are you free?- I have already finished my homework. I am free.( (我已我已经经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业业,对现对现在造成的在造成的结结果是很有空果是很有空)2021/3/2616现在完成时中时间状语的用法区别现在完成时中时间状语的用法区别1.already在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句肯定句: : 句中句中( (助后实前助后实前)/)/句末句末 “ “己经己经”一般疑问句一般疑问句: : 句末句末( (表示惊讶的语气表示惊讶的语气)“)“难道难道” Ive

15、already had breakfast. = Ive had breakfast already.(表示强调表示强调) Have you had breakfast already?2021/3/2617注: 有already的句子在时态上并不都是现在完成时,判断时要看该词后是否有动词的过去分词. She has already been late.（现在完成时 ） She was already late.（一般过去时）2021/3/26182. 2. yetyet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句: 句末句末 “己经己经” I

16、 havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?2021/3/2619注: 带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时, already要变成yet放在句末。 I have already done my homework.否定句否定句: :一般疑问句一般疑问句: :I havent done my homework yet.Have you done your homework yet?2021/3/2620 3. 3. everever在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 肯定句肯定句/疑问句疑问句 : 句中句中 “曾经曾经

17、” Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing? 2021/3/26214. 4. nevernever在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法否定句否定句: 句中句中 “从来没有从来没有”Ive never been to Beijing.2021/3/2622注: 带ever的肯定句变否定句时, 要将ever变成never; 带ever的一般疑问句作否定回答时可用“No, never.” He has ever made dumplings.否定句否定句:一般疑一般疑:Have they ever travelled by

18、 train? No, never.He has never made dumplings.2021/3/26235. just在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法用于用于句中句中, 表示表示“刚刚刚刚” Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?2021/3/26246. before在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法用于用于句末句末, 表示表示“以前以前” Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?2021/3/2625 (二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可

19、能继续下去的动作或状态.通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。 现在完成时的基本用法现在完成时的基本用法I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已我已经学了经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳我已经游泳了半个小时了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)2021/3/26261.for + I have been here for 5 weeks. He

20、s studied English for 3 years.时间段时间段2021/3/26272. since +从句(一般过去时) 词组 (表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点 I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.2021/3/2628 6.She has known Sam_ nine years. (for , never , since) 7.They have_arrived. (ever , just , y

21、et) 8.Have you_ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet) 9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school. (already , just , since) 10.We have not completed the project_. (already , for , yet) for just ever since yet2021/3/2629注1): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when. I have lived here for 10 years

22、.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?2021/3/2630注2): 短暂性动词不能和for或since引导的时间状语连用. (误)I have left there for 5 years. (正)I have been away there for 5 years. 2021/3/2631选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We

23、havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China

24、.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince2021/3/2632瞬间动词瞬间动词与与延续性动词延续性动词2021/3/2633瞬间动词与时间段的关系瞬间动词与时间段的关系 瞬间动词可以用于现在完成

25、时瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时, ,但在肯定但在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段的状语连用句、疑问句中不能与时间段的状语连用, ,常见的常见的瞬间动词有瞬间动词有: :go/come/arrive/leave/begin/borrow/buy/die/fall/ stop/start/kill/close/graduate/join/finish/lose等等。 They have left Shanghai. You can borrow the book for 2 weeks. (X) 若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语若瞬间动词要接表示一段时间的状语, ,我们可我们可用相应的用相应的来代替瞬间

26、动词。来代替瞬间动词。 You can keep the book for 2 weeks.2021/3/2634 但在否定句中但在否定句中, ,短暂性动词可以与短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。时间段连用。 E.g.:I havent bought the bike for a year. . 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。2021/3/2635瞬间动词瞬间动词与与延续动词间的转换延续动词间的转换2021/3/26365.短暂动词和短暂动词和延续动词转换延续动词

27、转换瞬间性动词瞬间性动词延续性动词延续性动词buyborrowcomego/leaveopen/closebegin/startend/finishdiecatch a coldbecome interested inget married2021/3/2637瞬间性动词瞬间性动词延续性动词延续性动词put onget upwake upfall asleepjoinarrive/reach2021/3/2638练习 判断:他到达车站半个小时了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour( )He has been at the station

28、 for half an hour . He arrived at the station half an hour agoHe _the club since two years ago .A. Joined B. has joined C. has been in翻译翻译:这个电影已经放映十五分钟了这个电影已经放映十五分钟了-The film has been on for fifteen minutes.XC2021/3/2639改改 错错1. How long have you begun to study English?2. I have borrowed this book fo

29、r two weeks.3. The river has become very dirty since last August.4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business.5. He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen2021/3/2640have /has been tohave / has gone to have / has been in的用法区别的用法区别 have been to 意思是意思是“到过到过,去过去过”,表示表示曾

30、经到过某处曾经到过某处,但现但现在人不在那儿。常与在人不在那儿。常与just、ever、never连用。连用。 They have been to Beijing.(去过北京去过北京,现在人在衡阳现在人在衡阳)have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”,表示表示已经去了已经去了某地某地,现在人可现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 They have gone to Beijing.(现在在北京或去北京的途中现在在北京或去北京的途中)have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时间了呆在某处一段时间了”常与表示一常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。段时间的时

31、间状语连用。 They have been in Beijing for two years.(在北京呆了两年在北京呆了两年)2021/3/2641 用have /has been to和和have / has gone to填空 1. Hi,Lucy, you ever Beijing? No,I . 2. What about your sister,Lucy? Oh,she Chengdu, she will come back next week. Ok,thanks. Youre welcome. have been to haventhas gone to2021/3/2642用用

32、Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.for half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.4.4

33、.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter? I donWhere is Peter? I dont know where he t know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is Hi Jim! Where _ you

34、 _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.looking for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been2021/3/2643现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果某一动作对现在产生的影响或结果, ,强调的是强调的是现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状现在的情况。所以它不能和表示过去时间状语连用。语连用。 一般过去时只单纯表示过去的动作或状一般过去时只单

35、纯表示过去的动作或状态态, ,和现在不发生关系和现在不发生关系, ,可以和表示过去的时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。间状语连用。2021/3/2644He has lived in Beijing since 1999.自自19991999年以来他一直住在北京。年以来他一直住在北京。（说明他现在仍然在北京。）（说明他现在仍然在北京。）He lived in Bejing in 1999.在在19991999年的时候他在北京住过。年的时候他在北京住过。（现在是否住在北京不知道）（现在是否住在北京不知道）2021/3/2645 It is +一段时间一段时间 +since+句子句子(一般过去时一般

36、过去时) =一段时间一段时间+has passed +since + 句子句子(一般过去时一般过去时) Eg. It is five years since I joined the army.=Five years has passed since I joined the army.2021/3/2646eg:He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。第一句用现在完成时

37、时态第一句用现在完成时时态, ,想表达意为想表达意为: :“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has ithe still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典过去他买了一本英汉字典, ,现现在他还有这本字典在他还有这本字典” 。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实这一事实, ,至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调调说明。说明。2021/3/26

38、47 当有一个表示当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的的状语时状语时, ,不用现在完成时不用现在完成时, ,而用一般而用一般过去时过去时: : eg: I saw the film on television yesterday . 但但since(since(自自以来以来)+)+某一过去时间或叙某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用。连用。eg: They have known each other since 1950 . Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.2021/3/264

39、8 常与一般过去时连用的典型常与一般过去时连用的典型的表示过去时间的状语的表示过去时间的状语: :yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天), ), the day before yesterday(the day before yesterday(前天前天), ),just now(just now(刚才刚才) ), , 时间时间+ ago, + ago, last +last +时间时间 等等; ; eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago. We finished our task last week .2021/3/2649用动词的适当形式填

40、空（注意时态）（注意时态） 1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _. -When_ you _ it? -I _ it yesterday. 2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) such a moving film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in the club for nearly one week. Have mended have did mend mended havent seen joined

41、 has been2021/3/2650 4.My father_(give) up _(smoke). He doesnt _(smoke) now. 5.The Green family_(not come) back yet from the cinema. They_(go) to see a film one hour ago. 6.You_(not visit) your son for a long time. has given smoking smoke havent come went havent visited2021/3/2651Translation 1.1.他昨天

42、去北京了。他昨天去北京了。 2.2.他去北京两天了。他去北京两天了。He went to Beijing yesterday. （现在是否住在北京不知道）（现在是否住在北京不知道）He has been in Beijing for two days. （说明他现在仍然在北京。）（说明他现在仍然在北京。）2021/3/2652PracticePractice2021/3/2653单项选择单项选择1.He _ working.A. have just started B. has just startC. has just stars D. has just started2. _ you _

43、your suitcase yet?A.Do, pack B. Did, pack C. Have, packD. Have , packed3. I _ my room already.A.have tidied B. had tidied C. have tidiedD. will tidy4. There _ several meetings during the past few days.A. have been B. has been C. will be D. are2021/3/26545. I _ my plane ticket, but I cant find it.A.w

44、ill buy B. would buy C. have boughtD. have buyed6. -What has Denis done? -He _ over a vase.A.has knocked B. had knocked C. knockedD. is knocking7. Everything is all right; nothing _.A.is happened B. was happened C. will be happened D. has happened8. They cant buy a computer because they _ all their

45、money.A.are spending B. have spent C. spendD. will spend2021/3/26551. 去年我去了苏州。We went to Suzhou last year.2. 我每天早上7:00起床。I get up at 7:00 every day.3. 下个星期我要去看望我的老师。I am going to visit my teacher next week.4. 看!那边有个女孩在哭。Look! The girl is crying over there.5. 汤姆去过北京2次了。Tom has been to Beijing twice.6

46、. 他住在那儿已经有十年了。He has lived there for ten year.2021/3/2656练习l自从我来到这正好两天It is just two days since I came hereTwo days has passed since I came here lIt_ (be) ten years since I _(finish) middle school. ishas been finished2021/3/2657动动 词词 填填 空空: : 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes,

47、 we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How man

48、y times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen2021/3/26584. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt