绿色能源最终1

1、Page 1Green energyProducer：Tommy、Jeremy、Sam、DamonPage 2What is green energy? Green energy is energy that is produced in such a way as to minimize its negative impact on the environment. such as solar, hydro energy, wind, and hydrogen energy . Even nuclear energy is sometimes considered a green energ

2、y source, because some types of nuclear technology produce much less waste than oil and coal.Page 3 Traditional energy sources, most notably fossil fuels, produce greenhouse gases that are believed to be the primary cause of an effect known as global warming or climate change and pollute the environ

3、ment.At the same time the energy crisis also makes green energy in a more prominent positionwhy green energy is important?Page 4 Hydro energy Hydro energy is simple energy that is taken from water and converted into electricity. Hydro energy arises due to potential energy of water. In dams, water is

4、 stored at high level. It makes pressure which runs turbine coupled to generator and makes electricity.Page 5Table 1 shows that the utilization rate of hydropower in the developed countries are very high, especially in Europe countries! Its known to all that the environment of these countries is fir

5、st-rate.Page 6 The disadvantages are that the change in water flow will effect the fish and making space to put the hydro facility can cause the deaths of plants and animals as well as destruction of habitat. It can kill lots of fishy. Also, it affects the river downstream from the dam built.Page 7W

6、ind EnergyWhat is wind energy?Page 8Page 9How is wind energy collected?Page 10 wind has been used for centuries to empower windmills to mill wheat or pump water. Page 11Page 12Where is wind energy collected?Page 13This energy can be harnessed in areas subject to reasonably consistent and strong wind

7、s. They may be large areas of flat land or those near coasts that are subject to prevailing winds. Page 14In China, wind energy can be effectively harnessed in areas located in North, Northwest and Northeast .Page 1519302013Number of wind turbines in the world Wind energy had been greatly utilized s

8、ince 1930. It reach the top at 2013.Assembling a wind turbine requires only a few weeks, and construction of a wind power plant requires only a year or year and a half.Page 16Page 17 Hydrogen EnergyPage 18Introduction of HydrogenAs we all know，hydrogen is located in the first place of the periodic t

9、able of the elements. It is the smallest one ,but the most common element in the universe .The Cosmos H：75%The Sun H：84%The EarthQH of water 9000QFossil FuelPage 19AdvantagesCoal will run out around 2200.Petroleum will run out around 2050.Natural gas will run out around 2070. H2O H2 + 1/2O2 H2 + 1/2

10、O2 H2OTheoretically hydrogen will maintain foreverHydrogen CombustionNO DUST NO SO2 NO CO2Page 20Problem and ProspectProducing of hydrogen gas costs a lot at present. One ideal way to get H2 is inventing a suitable catalyst on which water can decompose to H2 and O2 directly with sunshine.Page 21The

11、technology of hydrogen storage must be enormously improved before Hydrogen Energy being widely used. Fortunately, many scientists devote themselves to this field and a series of materials have been developed. Though these materials all have different problems now, we will invent a proper material fo

12、r hydrogen storage in the near future.Problem and ProspectPage 22Nuclear powerFundamentals of nuclear powerAdvantages and disadvantages of nuclear powerDevelopment of nuclear powerNuclear power plant accidentsPage 23Fundamentals of nuclear powerNuclear power, or nuclear energy, is the use of exother

13、mic (放热)nuclear processes, to generate useful heat and electricity. The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion.The fundamental reason for the nuclear power is Albert Einsteins formula E=mc2 , expressing the equivalence of energy and mass. By this formula, adding energy also

14、increases mass (both weight and inertia), whereas removing energy decreases mass.When nucleons bind together to form a nucleus, they must lose a small amount of mass, i.e., there is mass change, in order to stay bound. This mass change must be released as various types of photon or other particle en

15、ergy as above, according to the relation E = mc2.Page 24Nuclear fission ：the nucleus of a particle splits into smaller parts (lighter nuclei). The fission process often produces free neutrons and photons (in the form of gamma rays), and releases a very large amount of energy. heavy elementslight ele

16、ments Nuclear fusion : a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at a very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus. During this process, matter is not conserved because some of the mass of the fusing nuclei is converted to photons (energy). Binding energy curvePa

17、ge 25Nuclear power plants convert the energy released from the nucleus of an atom via nuclear fission that takes place in a nuclear reactor. The heat is removed from the reactor core by a cooling system that uses the heat to generate steam, which drives a steam turbine connected to generator produci

18、ng electricity.The nuclear reactor is contained inside the spherical containment building in the center - left and right are cooling towers which are common cooling devices used in all thermal power stations, and likewise, emit water vapor from the non-radioactive steam turbine section of the power

19、plant.Page 26Advantages and disadvantagesAdvantages of nuclear energy:Nuclear power does not cause air pollution and does not produce carbon dioxide which aggravates global warming. Nuclear fuel has small size so it is easy for transportation and storage.Fuel costs accounts for a lower proportion in

20、 the cost of nuclear power generation. Rich in nuclear material.(Uranium and thorium for more than 400y,Deuterium and lithium for billions of years)Disadvantages of nuclear energy: Nuclear power plant will produce radioactive waste. Nuclear power plant has lower thermal efficiency and bad heat pollu

21、tion.Nuclear power plant needs large investment cost, the power company has higher financial risk. The site of nuclear power plant is largely determined by environment. The release into the external environment because of the accident will damage the ecology and people. Page 27Development of nuclear

22、 powerNuclear (fission) power stations, excluding the contribution from naval nuclear fission reactors, provided about 5.7% of the worlds energy and 13% of the worlds electricity in 2012. In 2013, the IAEA report that there are 437 operational nuclear power reactors, in 31 countries, although not ev

23、ery reactor is producing electricity. In addition, there are approximately 140 naval vessels using nuclear propulsion in operation, powered by some 180 reactors.The energy structure The structure of non-polluting energyPage 28Nuclear power plant accidentsNuclear power plant accidents include the Che

24、rnobyl disaster (1986), the Three Mile Island accident (1979),and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (2011).No new nuclear power centers have been built in the United States since nineteen seventy-nine. That was when Americas worst nuclear accident happened at the Three Mile Island center in Pennsylvania. The accident began to turn public opinion against nuclear energy.Japans 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident, which occurred in a reactor design from the 1960s, prompted a rethink of nuclear safety and nuclear energy policy in many countries. Germany decided to close all its