外研版高中英语必修四Module3知识点1

1、外研版高中英语必修四Module3知识点1知识要点知识要点要点一 单词1. communicate vt. 交流；交际；传达；沟通；表达（1）communicate with交换（消息）；与（某人）联络；通信；通讯；交际；（指房间、花园、道路等）互通，连通communicate sth.to sb.传达（新闻、消息、感情）；传播（热力）；传染（疾病）等给某人（2）communication n.传达；交流；信息；通讯be in communication with.与进行交流（3）communicative adj. 畅谈的知识要点知识要点例句：He communicated the news

2、 to me by telephone.It is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.Communication with other countries was difficult during the telephone and postal strike.邮电工人罢工期间与其他国家的通讯很困难。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】单句改错Television communicated the news with all parts of the country.withto知识要

3、点知识要点2. vary vi. 变化(1)vary from.to.从到变化不等vary from不同于vary with随从而变化vary in在方面不同，有差异(2)variety n.品种；多样化a （great/wide） variety of=varieties of 各种各样的；品种繁多的(3)various/varied adj.不同的；许多的various:侧重多样性；通常指同一范围内的不同种类varied: “变化很多的”，指不同种类、不同范围知识要点知识要点例句：Costs of tickets vary from one airline to another.The c

4、olour of the leaves varies with weather.Everyone arrived late at the party for a variety of reasons.知识要点知识要点【链接训练】Different people have the most _ ideas about what is important in life. Some value fame，others money or freedom.【解析】句意为：不同的人对生活中什么是最重要的事物的看法截然不同，有人珍视名声，有人珍视金钱或者自由。B项“可变的”，有捉摸不定之意；D项“不同的”

5、,常与from连用。【答案】C知识要点知识要点3. involve vt. 包括，牵涉，使参与归纳拓展（1）involve sb.in (doing) sth.把某人牵扯到某事里面；使某人参与做某事involve with.和混在一起，和有密切联系（2）involved adj.复杂的；有牵连的，有关的be/get involved in使卷入之中；使专注于be involved with sb.与某人混在一起，和有密切联系知识要点知识要点例句：She was involved in reviewing the lessons all night.President Nixon(尼克松) ha

6、d to resign because he was involved in the Watergate scandal.(“水门事件”的丑闻)The man is being questioned by police; it is said that he is involved with the murder.(谋杀案)知识要点知识要点【链接训练】The number of the persons who were _ the traffic accident is about 20.A.advertised in B.entertained byC.involved inD.repaid

7、 in【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意为：涉及这次交通事故的人大约有20个。be involved in“涉及到，包括”。【答案】C知识要点知识要点4. panic n. 恐慌，惊慌v.陷入恐慌；引起恐慌（panicking-panicked-panicked）归纳拓展（1）get into a panic 陷入恐慌状态be in（a）panic在惊慌中be seized with a panic惊慌失措cause a panic引起恐慌（2）panic at.因（听到/看到）而惊慌知识要点知识要点例句：She got into a real panic when she thought she

8、d lost the tickets.Shoppers fled the street in (a) panic after two bombs exploded.两枚炸弹爆炸之后，购物者惊慌失措地逃离了那条街。The crowd panicked at the sound of the gunfire.The protests became more violent and many foreigners were panicked into leaving the country.抗议变得更加激烈，许多外国人慌忙离开了那个国家。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】The building is o

9、n fire！She looked around wildly，but not a soul was in sight,Razzena _.【解析】句意为：大楼着火了！她四下张望，但是连个人影都不见，Razzena惊慌起来。panic用作动词，意为“惊慌”，其过去式和过去分词都是panicked。【答案】A知识要点知识要点5. spread（spread，spread）v. 展开；铺开；传播；散开；伸展；延伸 n. 传播；扩展归纳拓展spread sth.on/over sth.把某物铺在上spread sth.with sth.把某物涂在上spread out展开；张开；扩大（张）；伸长sp

10、read oneself舒展身体知识要点知识要点例句：She spread the pages of the letter on the table.She spread the bread with butter.The fire spread from the factory to the houses nearby. The rapid spread of the disease is upsetting the authorities.(当局)知识要点知识要点【链接训练】Bird flu has _ all over the world, which might panic the i

11、nvestors.(投资者)【解析】句意为：禽流感已蔓延到全世界，这可能会使投资者惶恐不安。spread的过去式及过去分词同原形，故选A。【答案】A知识要点知识要点6. stare vi. 凝视；注视；盯着看同类辨析stare at由于好奇、敌视、傲慢而睁大眼睛凝视glare at 怒视，瞪眼glance at 匆匆一瞥gaze at由于兴趣、喜欢或惊奇而目不转睛地凝视look at看，看着知识要点知识要点例句：He stood there staring into the distance.He glanced at his watch.They stood glaring at each

12、other.知识要点知识要点【链接训练】The old gentleman just stood there _ at the pickpocket and did not say a word.【解析】句意为：这位老先生只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而视，一句话也没有说。A项“瞥见”；B项 “瞥见”，强调结果；C项“凝视，注视”，指由于惊讶、好奇、惧怕等原因而睁大眼睛目不转睛地看。glare at怒视，瞪着眼睛看，符合题意。【答案】D知识要点知识要点7. request vt. 请求，要求n. 请求，要求，邀请 要求、请求某人做某事；向某人要求某物 request that-clause请求(从

13、句谓语动词用should +动词原形，should可以省略)(2)make a request for.要求 at one s request/at the request of sb. 应某人之请求/要求 be in great request有需求；极需要 upon/on request一经要求；应的要求知识要点知识要点例句：They have made an urgent request for international aid.The visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.We requested that they imm

14、ediately make an investigation of the matter.知识要点知识要点【链接训练】It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _ after 11 oclock at night.A.were not played B.not to playC.not be played D.did not play【解析】It is requested.后的主语从句要用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词用（should）+动词原形形式，故排除A、D两项；根据句意可知radios与play之间是被动关系，故用

15、被动语态形式，排除B项，选C。【答案】C知识要点知识要点要点二 短语1. hold up举起；提出（作为榜样）；延误，阻滞归纳拓展hold back阻挡，忍住，抑制hold on坚持住；（电话用语）请稍等，不要挂断hold out维持；抵抗hold ones breath屏住气知识要点知识要点例句：The steel strike in U.S. may hold up production of all new cars for several months.They hold up his behaviour as a model.The father held up the boy ov

16、er his head.I think the engine will hold out till we get home. Then I can have it repair to.知识要点知识要点【链接训练】There was a big hole in the road which _ the traffic.A.took upB.brought backC.kept backD.held up【解析】句意为：公路上有个大坑阻碍了交通。hold up“延误，阻滞”，符合题意。take up“占据，从事”；bring back“带回”；keep back“扣留，隐瞒”。【答案】D知识要点知

17、识要点2. ask sb. a favour请某人帮忙归纳拓展(1)ask a favour of sb./ask sb. a favour请某人帮忙in favour of赞成，支持，有利于in ones favour受（某人）喜爱的，对（某人）有利的in favour得宠的；流行的out of favour失宠的；不流行的(2)favour sb. with sth.对（某人）施予（的恩惠）favour sth.有助于知识要点知识要点例句：Can I ask you a favour?Do me a favour and turn the radio down while Im on th

18、e phone, will you?劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的声音关小点儿好吗？Was he in favour of the death penalty?(死刑) Would you please favour us with your presence?你能否大驾光临？知识要点知识要点【链接训练】The warm climate _ many types of tropical plants.D.benefits from【解析】句意为：温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。favour“有利于，有助于”，符合题意。若选D项，应把from去掉直接用benefit。【答案】B知识要点知识要点要

19、点三 句型Perhaps more than I think.也许比我想的要多。more than比多；多于归纳拓展（1）more than+名词（动名词），意思是“不仅仅是，不只是”。more than+数词，意思是“超过，以上”。more than+形容词，意思是“非常，很”。（2）no more than仅仅，不过not more than至多，不超过more than a little非常more than one.不止一个more or less差不多；或多或少（3）more.than这种结构是对于不同的人或物的同一性质或方面的比较,意为“比更（形容词和副词的比较级）；与其说倒不如说

20、”。知识要点知识要点例句：He is no more a genius than I am.Mr Smith is more a writer than painter.知识要点知识要点同类辨析no more than与not more than(1)no more than=only,含有消极否定的意思，意为“不过，只有，仅仅”。not more than=at most,意为“不超过，至多”。例句：He has learned no more than 100 words.他才学会了100个单词。He has learned not more than 100 words.他学会的单词不超

21、过100个。（2）no more.than (not.any more than)跟从句，表示两者皆否定的观念，意思是“不正如不一样”。知识要点知识要点例句：A nation cannot exist without people any more than a tree can grow without roots.(3)not more.than跟从句，表示两者皆肯定的观念，只是有差别而已，意思是“不及那样”。例句：He is not more diligent than you are.知识要点知识要点【链接训练】Do you need any help,Lucy?Yes.The job

22、 is _ I could do myself.A.less thanB.more thanC.no more thanD.not more than【解析】句意为：你需要帮忙吗，露茜？需要，这项工作我自己做不来。A项意为“少于”；B项意为“多于，超过”；C项意为“不过；仅仅”；D项意为“不多于”，根据题意，选B。准确把握句意，并牢记短语之间的用法及区别，是解决此类题目的关键所在。【答案】B知识要点知识要点Those who have _ money than sense may sometimes act foolishly.【解析】more money than sense在口语中是“乱花

23、钱”的意思。即使不知道这是一个习语，根据关键词than也能确定出此处应用比较级形式。【答案】B知识要点知识要点要点四 语法条件状语从句是表示主句动作发生的前提或条件的从句。引导条件状语从句的词或词组有if，unless，so (as) long as（只要），in case （万一），on condition that （条件是），suppose/supposing （假设，用于问句），provided/providing（that）（假如，如果）等。例句：As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.只要你不灰心，你就会成功。In case

24、I forget,please remind me of my promise.如果我忘了，请提醒我所作的承诺。Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们该向谁求助呢？知识要点知识要点注意：（1）unless在意义上相当于if.not，而且语气较强，也一般不用于虚拟语气。例句：Unless the weather was bad, my father always used to take a walk in the evening.过去的时候，除非天气不好，我的父亲

25、晚上总是去散步。（2）如果从句由if或unless引导，又有连系动词be，条件状语从句可用省略形式。例句：Come tomorrow if possible.可能的话就明天来吧。If so, you must go back and get it.如果这样的话，你必须回去把它拿来。还有如if in need（如果需要），if necessary（如果必要）等用法。知识要点知识要点（3）if 引导的条件状语从句如果与事实不符，应用虚拟语气。例句：If it rained tomorrow，we should stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。知识要点知识要点【链接训练】I

26、was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed medical treatment.C.in caseD.so that【解析】in case “以防，万一”，引导条件状语从句，符合题干意思。句意为：有人建议我入保险，以备医疗需求。【答案】C知识要点知识要点_ he works hard，I dont mind when he finishes the experiment.A.As soon asB.As well asC.So far asD.So long as【解析】考查so/as long as引导条件状语从句。句意为：只要他肯下工夫，

27、我不在乎他什么时候能完成这个实验。as soon as “一就”；as well as也，又；so far as “就而言”。【答案】D知识要点知识要点A small car is big enough for a family of three _ you need more space for luggageC.in case【解析】考查连词的用法辨析。once“一旦”，引导条件状语从句；because“因为”，引导原因状语从句；in case“以防万一”，引导条件状语从句；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句。句意为：一辆小汽车对于一个三口之家足够了，除非需要更多的空间放行李。根据题意

28、，可知答案为D。【答案】D知识要点知识要点_ he had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race.【解析】if引导虚拟条件句，意为“如果”。根据其时态可判断出表示过去非真实情况。这句话的意思是“如果约翰的腿没有受伤，他会赢得这次赛跑”。since引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句，表示“自从”或“因为”；though引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；when引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。【答案】A知识要点知识要点2. 让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句表示在某种相反的条件下，主句中的情况依然会出现。让步状语从句由连词though，althou

29、gh，as（虽然，尽管），even if/though，whoever，whatever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however，no matter who（what，which，when，where，how），whether.or (not),while（尽管）等引导。知识要点知识要点(2)though，although这两个连词用法基本一样，只是前者口语化，后者较正式，常位于句首，都不与but 连用，但可以和yet，still连用。例句：Though they lack official support,they continue their struggl

30、e.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍继续奋斗。Although they have been talking for a long time,he cannot make her believe him.虽然他们谈了半天，他还是不能使她信任他。知识要点知识要点(3)whatever (whoever,whichever,whenever.)/no matter what (who,which,when.)引出的让步状语从句意义上无明显差别，常译成汉语“无论”。例句：Whoever (No matter who) wants to speak to me on the phone,tell him Im busy.不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。Wherever (No matter where) you go,Im right here waiting for you.无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。知识要点知识要点(4)as引导让步状语从句，从句部分用倒装语序，句型为：形容词/副词/名词（不带冠词）/动词（原形）+as+主语+谓语。例句：Try as I might