必修一Unit1语法直接引语转化为间接引语

1、人教课标人教课标高一高一 必修必修 1Unit 1 She said that her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish. My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish. My family and I are hiding in Amsterdam. She said that she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam. My only true friend is Kittymy diary. She said that her only t

2、rue friend was Kittyher diary. After hiding here for a long time, Ive become crazy about nature. She said that after hiding there for a long time, she had become crazy about nature.Anne said: “My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.” (Direct speech)She said that she and her family were hiding

3、 in Amsterdam. (Indirect speech)引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式: 一是原封一是原封不动地引用原话不动地引用原话, 把它放在引号内把它放在引号内, 这叫直接这叫直接引语引语(Direct speech); 一是用自己的话加以转一是用自己的话加以转述述, 这叫间接引语这叫间接引语(Indirect speech)。直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：1 1）陈述句）陈述句3 3）祈使句）祈使句2 2） 疑问句（一般疑问句、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句）特殊疑问句）*还包括：感叹句Grammar: Direc

4、t and Indirect Speech (1)1. 转述他人的陈述转述他人的陈述陈述句陈述句 She asked me what I was doing.1) He said , “Im going to Beijing.” He said that he was going to Beijing.2) He asked, “Are you a teacher?” He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.3) She said , “What are you doing?”2. 转述他人的疑问转述他人的疑问一般疑问句一般疑问句3. 转述他人的问题转述他

5、人的问题特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 解题步骤解题步骤: : 1.1.陈述句陈述句: :“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that I dont likecomputers.saiddidntsheSarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.Sarah1. “I like reading stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading stories.2. “

6、I dont like cars,” Sarah said to him. Sarah told him that she didnt like cars.2. 直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过去时时，去时时，从句动词时态应为过去时的从句动词时态应为过去时的相应时态。相应时态。 直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间 接引语时，人称要做相应调整。接引语时，人称要做相应调整。1. She said, “I am hungry.” She said she was hu

7、ngry.2. Mum said to me, “You can do it yourself.” Mum told me that I could do it myself. 3. Mr. Smith said, “He is a good worker. Mr. Smith said that he was a good worker. 1. 人称的变化人称的变化1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ looked worried that day. 2. We said to her, “They

8、re cleaning the room.” We told her that _ were cleaning the room. 3. Mr. Black said, “I have walked a long way.” Mr. Black said that _ had walked a long way. I theyhe2.2.时态变化时态变化 直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。要与主句的时态一致。 He says, “I treat you as my son.” He says that he treats me as h

9、is son.1. 主句为一般现在时主句为一般现在时, 现在完成时或一般将现在完成时或一般将来时的时候来时的时候, 间接引语时态不变。间接引语时态不变。直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般现在时一般现在时“I know it,” he said.一般过去时一般过去时He said he knew it. 2. 当主句为过去时当主句为过去时, 从句要跟着相应的变化。从句要跟着相应的变化。 现在进行时现在进行时“Im making coffee for you all,” she said.过去进行时过去进行时She said she was making coff

10、ee for us all. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)现在完成时现在完成时“I have seen her before,” said he. 过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her before. 现在完成进行时现在完成进行时He said, “I have been doing it for hours.”过去完成进行时过去完成进行时He said he had been doing it for hours. 直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般过去时一般过去时“I saw her las

11、t Monday,” he said.过去完成时过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday. 过去进行时过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,” she said. 过去完成进行时过去完成进行时She said she had been waiting for Jim.直接引语直接引语(变化前变化前)间接引语间接引语(变化后变化后)一般将来时一般将来时He said: “We shall start tomorrow.”过去将来时过去将来时He said they would start the next day.过去完成

12、时过去完成时“Rick had been ill for many days till he died.” Jack said.过去完成时过去完成时Jack said Rick had been ill for many days till he died. 一般现在时一般现在时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时一般一般过去过去时时过去过去完成时完成时过去过去进行时进行时过去过去将来时将来时过去过去完成时完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去进行时过去进行时不变不变1. “It is really cold,” she said to me. She to

13、ld me that it _ really cold.was2. “I dont want to go there with Alice,” said Tom.Tom said that he _ want to go there with Alice.didnt3. The boy said, “I will be a pilot.” The boy said that he _ a pilot.”would be4. Tom said, “We are listening to music.” Tom said that they _ music. were listening to5.

14、 Mike said, “I have finished my homework.” Mike said _ his homework.he had finished 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语时时 间间 状状 语语 now today this week yesterdaylast weekfour days agotomorrow next monththe day after tomorrowthe day before yesterdaythen that day that weekthe day beforethe week beforefour days beforethe

15、 next daythe next monthin two days timetwo days before3.3.其他变化其他变化 He said, “I lost a key here yesterday.” He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day. “I read the book here a week ago,” Jane said to him.Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before/earlier.d.

16、 Change adverbials of time d. Change adverbials of time and place and place 直接引语直接引语 间接引语间接引语指示代词指示代词 地点状语地点状语 方向性动词方向性动词 this that these those here there come go bring take She said, “Ill come here again tonight.”She said she would go there again that night.He said, “I want this.”He said that he wa

17、nted that.May said to Tom, “Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.直接引语中的助动词直接引语中的助动词 间接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshallshouldshouldshouldshouldShouldShould（不变）（不变）willwillwouldwouldwouldwouldWouldWould（不变）（不变）maymaymightmightmightmigh

18、tMightMight（不变）（不变）cancancouldcouldcouldcouldCouldCould（不变）（不变）mustmustMust/had toMust/had to一般疑问句一般疑问句 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether

19、 I was interested in English. 1.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him )They asked himifIt is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.askediswasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.2.

20、2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句 He said to me，“Whats your name?” He asked me what my name was. He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country. 3.特殊疑问句：When do you harvest the wheat ?( They asked him )They asked himWhenyou harvest

21、the wheatyou harvest the wheat.harvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.3.3.选择疑问句选择疑问句 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?” I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 疑问句变为间接引语时疑问句变

22、为间接引语时, 除了除了要把疑问语序改为要把疑问语序改为陈述语序陈述语序, 由由whether/if 或特殊疑问词引或特殊疑问词引导外导外, 人称、时态和状语人称、时态和状语等也等也要作相应地变化要作相应地变化。1. “I dont know the address of my new home,” said Anne. Anne said that she didnt know the address of her new home.2. “Ive got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows,

23、” Anne said to her father. Anne told her father that she had got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.3. “I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly,” the girl said.4. “Why did you choose your diary and old letters?” her father asked her. The girl said th

24、at she needed to pack up her things in the suitcase very quickly. Her father asked her why she chose / had chosen her diary and old letters.5. Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.6. Margot asked her what else she had hidden under her overcoat. “Are you very hot with

25、so many clothes on?” Mother asked/said to her. “What else have you hidden under your overcoat?” Margot asked her.7. Anne asked her father when they would go back home.8. Father asked Anne why she had talked so much to that boy. “When shall we go back home?” Anne asked her father. “Why did you talk s

26、o much to that boy?” Father asked Anne. 由直接引语转变为间接引语，下列情由直接引语转变为间接引语，下列情况时态不变况时态不变: The teacher said that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0. The teacher said, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” 1. 不变的真理不变的真理2. 经常的习惯：经常的习惯： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs eve

27、ry day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3. 直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用：状语连用： The teacher said, “The baby was born in 2010.” The teacher said the baby was born in 2010.时态的变化：时态的变化：1.当主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时当主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时的时候，从句动词时态不变。的时候，从句动词时态不变。1)She often says, “ All m

28、en and women are equal under the law.”变为：变为：She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.2)“You did very well,” I have just told Tom.变为：变为：I have just told Tom that he did very well.4. 部分情态动词部分情态动词, 如如: must, ought to, used to, had better 等。等。 She said to me, “You must hurry up.” Sh

29、e said that I must hurry up.如果在当地转述如果在当地转述, here 不必改为不必改为 there, 动词动词 come 不必改为不必改为 go。如果在当天。如果在当天转述转述, yesterday/tomorrow 等时间状语等时间状语也不必改变。也不必改变。A: You neednt come here tomorrow.B: What did she say?C: She said that you neednt come here tomorrow.Exercises:1. He said , “I m afraid I cant finish this w

30、ork.”2.He said , “I havent heard from him since May.” 3.Tom said “I will see you next week.” He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work.He said that he hadnt heard from him since May.Tom said that he would see me the next week.4. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me. 5. “I d

31、ont like swimming,” said Sarah. 6. His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.7. “Have you been to Paris?” My classmate asked me.The teacher asked me why I was late again.Sarah said she didnt like swimming.His friends asked him, “Will you go to Dalian?”My classmate asked me if I had been to Pari

32、s.1. The teacher asked the girl, “Why are you crying here?” The teacher asked the girl _ _ _ crying _.2. “When will the plane take off?” I wondered. I wondered _ _ _ _ _ _. why she wastherewhen the plane would takeoff 3. “Have you seen our plane yourself?” he asked the boy. He asked the boy _ _ _ _

33、_ plane _. whether he hadseen their himself4. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.whetherrises. 单项填空单项填空1. Tom told his teacher that he born in 1980. A. wasB. had beenC. isD. has been【解析【解析】选选A。出生是客观事实，变为间接引语时时态不变。出生是客观事实，变为间接引语时时态不变。故

34、选故选A。2. The child asked his mothergo out to play tennis. 2011潍坊高一检测潍坊高一检测A. that he couldB. if he couldC. if could heD. that could be【解析【解析】选选B。直接引语若为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，。直接引语若为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，常用常用if或或whether来引导，且从句中用陈述句语序。来引导，且从句中用陈述句语序。3. The teacher said the earth around the sun. A. is movingB. had moved

35、 C. moved D. moves 【解析【解析】选选D。间接引语。间接引语the earth moves around the sun是一是一个客观事实，变为宾语从句时时态不变。个客观事实，变为宾语从句时时态不变。4. Mike said he would come back to China. A. tomorrowB. next dayC. the next dayD. the day before【解析【解析】选选C。直接引语变间接引语时。直接引语变间接引语时tomorrow 要改为要改为 the next day, yesterday要变成要变成the day before; 由由would可判断答可判断答案为案为C。5. My cousin told me that she for the United States the week . 2011临沂高一检测临沂高一检测A. has left; ago B. had left; ago C. left; agoD. had left