人机工程PPT解析

1、 Keeping the workplace safe UCDAVIS HEALTH SYSTEM 翻译：0940408121 徐传瀚 0940408120 韦友光 校正、PPT制作：0940408119 王 军 校正、演讲: 0940408120韦友光Step 1: Department Management conducts the initial self evaluation with new hire or employee who transferred to a new workstation. This function may be delegated to another

2、staff member, such as the supervisor or ergonomic advocate. The review is conducted using the self-evaluation handouts. Step 2: Address any “No” items identified on the self-evaluation form. Implement changes timely. Step 3: Contact the Ergonomics Program for assistance if parties are unable to reso

3、lve corrections or if questions about equipment arise. Step 4: Conduct follow up ergonomic checks at regular intervals, or when a change in work flow or job task occurs as indicated in Step # 1. Step 5: Retain a copy of the self-evaluation and documentation of the changes in the employees department

4、 file. Forward a copy of the form to the ergonomics office located in Human Resources. 第一步：部门经理对新员工或者对刚变换工作场地的员工进行最初的自我评价。这种功能可能会被委派给另外的员工，就像主管或者工效学支持者。这评论使用自我评价小册子来实施第二步：在自我评价表中辨认出“NO”的条目。实施及时的变更。第三步：如果有部分不能被纠正或者设备问题上升，联系工效学项目组寻求帮助第四步：执行规律的工效学检查。当工作改变或者任务发生变化，返回到第一步。第五步：保留一系列自我评价和有员工变化部门的文献。在人力资源的工

5、效学办公室装订成一系列的表格。Avoid Awkward Neck Positions Avoid Awkward Neck Positions A. A. Avoid trapping the phone between your ear and shoulder. Doing so takes your neck out of an upright position and requires tension in the neck/shoulder muscles to shrug your shoulder. Possible solutions: Possible solutions:

6、 Hold the phone with your hand Use a headset 避免不合适的颈项位置避免不合适的颈项位置A.A.避免用耳朵和肩膀把电话夹住。这样做会让你的脖子不在竖直位置并且耸肩时会拉升脖子和肩膀的肌肉。可以解决的方案： 1、用手握着你的手机 2、用耳机Possible solutions: Possible solutions: Lower the monitor Raise your chair. Be sure to adjust keyboard and mouse height to maintain them at elbow height Lower c

7、ontents on the computer screen so you no longer have to tip your head up to see them 可以解决的方案可以解决的方案：1、把显示器放低一点2、抬高你的椅子。调整你的键盘和鼠标的高度保证他们在你肘部的高度。3、降低电脑屏幕上文字的高度，这样你可以不再抬头看他们。Possible solutions:Use a document holder for items needed when on the computer Incline items on your desk when writing. A 3-ring

8、binder can serve as a reading/writing board 可以解决的方案：1、当需要的时候使用一个文档架。2、当你写字的时候使在桌子上的文档倾斜。三环粘结剂可以作为一个读写板。Possible solutions: Get in the habit of turning your entire body instead of just your neck Mount a mirror in front of you so you can view what is behind you without turning 可以解决的方案：1、养成转动你整个身体的习惯而不

9、仅仅是颈部2、在你前面放一面镜子，这样的话，你可以看见你后面的东西而不用转动脖子A A、Assure keyboard remains flat for straight (neutral) wrist positions. Lower flippers on back side of the keyboard. 保持键盘平整来达到手腕处于竖直位置。把键盘的后部脚板置低。B B、 Work with keyboard and input device (mouse, trackball, touchpad) at your elbow height for straight (neutral)

10、 wrist positions. 使键盘和输入设备（鼠标等）位于你的肘部高度以使手腕处于竖直位置。C C、 Use two hands when lifting large medical records, books, or binders. Use of two hands allows you to control your wrist position and requires less grip force. 当举起较大的书本、架子的时候使用两只手。使用两只手能够使得你控制手腕的位置并且使用更少的握紧力D D、 Avoid side to side wrist movement w

11、hen using the keyboard and input device. Side movement of the wrist increases if you rest your wrist firmly on a wrist rest. Allow your arm to move to the location needed instead of keeping your arm in a fixed position and deviating your wrist to the side. 当你使用键盘或者其他输入设备的时候，避免手腕从一侧移动到另一侧。让你的手臂移到需要的地

12、方而不是让它在一个固定的位置脱离你的手腕A. A. Use arrow keys when possible instead of the mouse. B. B. Use enter key instead of clicking mouse when dialogue boxes are highlighted. C. C. Learn and use short cut keys for commonly used functions. For a listing of short cut keys for a given program, open the program then s

13、earch “help” for shortcut keys. D. D. Alternate mouse use between right and left hands. 减少使用输入设备（如：鼠标）减少使用输入设备（如：鼠标）A、如果可以，使用键盘来代替鼠标B、当对话框高亮时，使用回车键来代替点击鼠标C、学习使用快捷键来作为命令功能。对一个给出的项目，打开项目的帮助菜单来寻找快捷键列表D、左右手交替使用鼠标A A、Avoid resting palms of hands on a wrist rest when typing. It is fine to rest the palms b

14、etween typing movements, but not recommended when actively typing. Resting when typing results in excessive reaching with the fingers to reach the keys and this increases tension in the hands.减少手的减少手的张力张力 当打字的时候手掌要避免依靠手腕休息，可以在打字中间休息手掌，但在打字的过程中不推荐这样做。当打字的时候休息会导致手指过度的接触键盘，这样会导致手部张力的增加。B B、 Type quietl

15、y. Many individuals press the keyboard keys with more force than necessary. The louder youre typing, the harder you are pressing. Try to type quietly and be soft on the keys. C C、Slow typing speed slightly. Increased typing speed requires increased hand tension. By slowing your typing speed even 5-1

16、0%, you can greatly lessen hand tension. B、安静地打字。有些人按键用很大的力气，其实并不需要那么大的力气。你越是用力按，打字声音也就越大。尝试少用些力气，安静地打字。C、略微放慢打字速度。打字速度越快，对应着手的张力越大。通过减少打字速度的5%10%，你能很明显的感觉到手的张力减少了。D D、 Lighten and release grip on mouse. Check your grip on the mouse and try to lighten. When not actively using the mouse, remove your

17、hand from it to release tension in your hand. 轻微释放握紧的鼠标。检查你握住鼠标的情况，尝试放松下。如果不是很频繁地用鼠标，放开鼠标，来缓解你手部的张力E E、Lighten your grip on writing pens and pencils. Use of wider diameter pens and/or pencil grips tends to lighten grip. Use of Rollerball or very fine felt tip pens encourages use of lighter grip when

18、 writing. F F、 Microbreaks interrupt hand tension. Micro breaks are 30-60 second breaks that allow the body to rest from activity. Gentle stretching of the neck, shoulder or forearms can be done in conjunction with micro breaks. Taken on a regular basis (every 30-60 minutes) micro breaks can prevent

19、 build up of neck, shoulder, forearm and hand tension. G G、 Focus on normal breathing patterns to reduce muscle tension. E、写字的时候放松地握住钢笔和铅笔。用大一点直径的钢笔和铅笔这样更能轻握它们。在写字的时候使用中性笔有助于轻握它们。F、微休息涉及到手的张力。微休息是3060秒的休息，它使得身体从活动中休息下来。可以在微休息中伸展脖子，肩膀或者前臂。规律的微休息可以防止脖子、肩膀、前臂和手张力的增加。G、关注正常的呼吸模式可以减少肌肉的紧张A. Control glare

20、 on the computer monitor. When possible, orient the computer monitor perpendicular to any outside room windows. If this is not possible, control window light through use of window coverings. Avoid tipping the monitor excessively since this may cause glare from overhead lights. Instead, raise the mon

21、itor from the base. Assure task lighting does not reflect into the monitor as a source of glare. Use a glare screen if glare cannot be avoided. A、在电脑显示器上控制强光如果可能的话，将显示器与任何户外窗户垂直，如果不能的话，通过窗帘控制从窗户过来的光线。不要过度倾斜显示器，因为这可能会引起从头上过来的强光。要从基部抬高显示器确保亮光不会作为强光反射在显示屏上如果强光不能被避免，那么使用强光显示屏B B、 Avoid having a bright l

22、ight source behind or directly over the monitor. Avoid placing monitor in front of an outside window. If this is not possible, control window light through the use of window coverings. Avoid placing monitor directly over a bright light source. If this is not possible, control the amount of light thr

23、ough the use of existing light switches and/or asking to have lighting diminished. B、避免有亮光源在显示器后面或者直接照射。避免将显示器放置在窗户前。如果这不能避免，通过窗帘控制从窗户过来的光线。避免将显示器直接放置在亮光源处。如果不可避免，通过使用光源开关或者寻求光源削弱的方法来控制光束。C C、 Assure contents on monitor are easily seen. Adjust distance from monitor to avoid straining to see contents

24、 Modify text size as needed Modify screen contrast/color as needed D D、 Avoid extended periods of constant computer work. Include a change in eye focus distance with regular micro breaks. Focus on distant items to change eye muscle position. Shut or cover eyes to allow eye muscles to rest.C、确保显示器的内容

25、能被容易地看到调整显示器的距离，避免（身体）拉伸才能看到内容有需要的话更改文本大小有需要的话更改显示器的对比度和颜色D、避免长时间的电脑工作。包括有规律的让眼睛做改变观看距离的微休息。聚焦远距离物体来改变眼部肌肉的位置。通过眨眼来使得眼部肌肉休息。Regardless of your computer workstation set up, workstation adjustments should be made so you can work in the position(s) shown below. Pay attention to: Upright neck and back p

26、ositions Elbows remaining close to sides with shoulders relaxed Forearms level Wrists straight Adjust chair for best fit with attention to: Lower back support Pressure evenly distributed along back of thighs Feet supported by floor or footstool If used, adjust chair arms to elbow height when seated

27、with shoulders relaxed 无论你的电脑工作场所是否建好，调整工作场所是应该做的，所以你可以在如下位置工作注意：注意：竖直脖子和后背的位置肘部保持靠近身体，肩膀要放松前臂水平手腕竖直注意下列几点，把座椅调整到舒适位置：注意下列几点，把座椅调整到舒适位置： 背下部要有支撑 压力均匀地分布在大腿后面 地板或踏板能支撑脚 当坐着的时候放松肩膀，要调整座椅扶手到肘部高度How you achieve correct positioning depends on your workstation configuration, equipment, and available adjus

28、tments. The following show some common configurations and steps in adjusting yourself. 根据你的作业场所配置、设备和可达到的调整，怎样达到正确的位置。下面显示了一些通常的配置和调整你自己的步骤Keyboard and mouse placed on a desktop: Keyboard and mouse placed on a desktop: Adjust chair for best fit Raise or lower chair so with elbows in at sides and sho

29、ulders relaxed, you are at elbow height relative to the keyboard. This may mean the feet no longer remain on the floor. Provide foot support as needed to maintain even pressure across the back of the thighs. Raise or lower the monitor so the head and neck are upright when viewing the monitor. Bifoca

30、l and progressive lens users typically need the monitor in a lowered position. Position keyboard and mouse close to the front of the work surface so elbows can remain at sides when using either. Keep frequently used items (e.g. phone, documents) within close reach. 键盘和鼠标放置在桌子上：键盘和鼠标放置在桌子上：调整椅子到最佳位置升

31、高或降低椅子使得肘部让肩膀放松，在肘部高度放置键盘。这可能导致脚无法放置在地上。大腿后部会有压力，有需要的话要提供一个踏板观看电脑时，抬高或者降低显示器，使你的脖子和头部保持竖直。戴眼镜的使用者需要把显示器放在低一点的位置把鼠标和键盘放置在离桌面近的地方。这样当使用他们的时候肘部可以保持在两边。Keyboard and mouse on adjustable keyboard trayKeyboard and mouse on adjustable keyboard tray: : Adjust chair for best fit Position chair height where co

32、mfortable Adjust keyboard tray height to your seated elbow height Raise or lower monitor so head and neck are upright when viewing the monitor. Bifocal and progressive lens users who cannot lower the monitor far enough may need to adjust chair height for upright head and neck positions then readjust

33、 keyboard tray height to seated elbow height Stay close to the keyboard tray so elbows can remain at sides when using the keyboard and mouse Keep frequently used items (e.g. phone, documents) close 键盘和鼠标放置在可调节的键盘拖上键盘和鼠标放置在可调节的键盘拖上调整座椅到舒适位置调整座椅高度到舒适位置调整键盘拖高度至你坐着时肘部的高度观看电脑时，抬高或者降低显示器，使你的脖子和头部保持竖直。戴眼镜的

34、使用者如果不能降低显示到需要的高度则要调整椅子的高度使得头和脖子保持竖直，然后再调整键盘拖到肘部高度。保持靠近键盘拖，这样使用键盘和鼠标的时候肘部可以保持在两边。What adjustments should be considered for this What adjustments should be considered for this workstation? workstation? Legs on keyboard should be in down position Obtain wider keyboard tray to accommodate mouse Move te

35、lephone within reach if telephone is frequently used 在工作场所中什么需要被考虑调整？在工作场所中什么需要被考虑调整？键盘脚要放置在低位获得一个宽的键盘拖来容纳鼠标如果经常使用电话，把它挪到够得到的地方Position Yourself Correctly: Quick workstation adjustments can improve your comfort when using the EMR System. Adjust the keyboard surface to your elbow height (shown left).

36、 Check that center pedal (shown below) is in the unlocked, horizontal position prior to adjusting keyboard surface. To adjust, grasp sides of white writing surface and apply pressure up or down. 正确正确你你自己自己位置：位置：使用EMR系统时，迅速调整工作场所能够改善你的舒适度 调整键盘编码到你肘部的高度。检查滚轮有没有没被锁定、在水平位置再检查键盘表面。Minimal pressure should

37、 be needed. Report carts that are difficult to adjust. Bifocal and progressive lens users may need to position the keyboard slightly lower to avoid having to tilt the head up when viewing the monitor. Work with elbows in at sides, shoulders relaxed, wrists straight (neutral), not bent up/down/in/out

38、. 小的压力是需要的，因为手推车是很难调整的 在观察显示器的时候戴眼镜的使用者需要将键盘放置在稍微低一点的位置来避免头部的倾斜 在肘部在两边、肩膀放松下工作。手腕竖直，不要弯曲。Incorrect Positions（不正确的不正确的位置）位置）A. Keyboard and Mouse Too Low (键盘和鼠标太低)B. Wrists Extended (手腕太过弯曲)C. Keyboard Too High Wrists Flexed, Shoulders Shrugged (键盘太高、手腕弯曲、耸肩)1 1. Reduce Hand and Forearm Tension . Red

39、uce Hand and Forearm Tension a. a. Reduce mouse useUse up/down arrow keys or tab key to move between fields on entry screens instead of the mouse b. b. Keep “Detail Window” opentype first letter or number of selection instead of clicking on drop down menus c. c. Use light touch on keyboard and mouse

40、 d. d. Release grip on the mouse when not actively using 1 1、降低手和前臂的张力、降低手和前臂的张力a、减少使用鼠标使用键盘代替鼠标b、保持“细节窗口”打开选择第一个字母或者数字而不是点击下拉菜单c、轻击鼠标和键盘d、不经常使用的话，放开鼠标2.2.Should Should mild symptoms arise mild symptoms arise Contact an EMR Superuser or Department Ergonomic Advocate immediately to have your position

41、 and work habits checked. Small changes in positions and/or use of arrow and tab keys may be all that is needed to resolve your symptoms if addressed early. If symptoms continue or worsen, discuss with your charge nurse, manager or supervisor 2 2、出现轻微的症状、出现轻微的症状立刻联系EMR超级用户或者工效学部门来检查你的位置和工作习惯。如果发现的早，稍微改变一下你的位置或者使用键盘会缓解你的症状如果症状持续或者恶化，与你的医生、经理或者主管交流Quick workstation adjustments can improve your comfort when using the EMR Syst