小学三至六年级英语语法与重点词汇(外研版)

1、小学英语语法一、名词复数规则1 一般情况下，直接加 -s,如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2 以 s. x. sh. ch结尾，力口 -es, 如：bus-buses,box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3 以 “辅音字母+y ” 结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如：family -families, strawberry-strawberries4 以 “ f 或 fe ”结尾， 变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es，如：knife -knives5不规则名词复数：man men,woman

2、women,Chinese Chinese,child childrenpolicewoman policewomen ,Policeman policemen,fishfoot feet,.fish,Tooth teethmouseJapanesemicePeoplepeople,Japanese一般现在时二、一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1 .表示事物或人物的特征、状态。 如： The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2 .表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six3.表示客观现实。如：地 .球绕着太阳转。every day我.每天六点起床。The eart

3、h goes around the sun构成1 . be 动词：主语 +be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2 .行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：Westudy English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,印寸，要在动词后力口？或？微。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1. be 动词的变化。否定句：主语 + be + not +其它。如：He is not aworker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you astudent?-Yes. I am. /

4、No, I'm not.特殊疑问句：疑问词 +一般疑问句。如： Where ismy bike?2. 行为动词的变化。否定句：主语 + don't( doesn't )+动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如： He doesn't often play.一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语 +动词原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.does构成一般疑问句。如：当

5、主语为第三人称单数时，要用- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如： How doesyour father go to work?3. 动词 +s 的变化规则1 . 一般情况下，直接加 -s,如：cook-cooks, milk -milks2 .以 s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，力口 -es,如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3 以 “辅音字母 +y ” 结尾， 变 y 为 i, 再

6、加-es，如： study-studies三、现在进行时1 现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。2 .现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.如 : I am watching TV.3 现在进行时的否定句在be 后加 not。 如 : I am notwatching TV.4现在进行时的一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。如 : Are you watching TV ?5现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：疑问词 + be +主语 +动词ing?如：What are you doing?但疑问词当主语时其结构为：疑问词 + be +

7、 动词 ing?如：Who is singing there?动词加 ing 的变化规则1 . 一般情况下，直接加ing,如：cook-cooking2 .以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing,如：make-making, taste-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母， 再加ing,如：run-running,stop-stopping2四、将来时1、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month,year,soon,?)the day after tomorr

8、ow (后天)等。2、基本结构： be going to + do;will+ do.3、 否定句：在 be 动词 ( am, is, are) 后加 not 或情态动词will 后加 not 成 won't 。例如：I ' m going to have a picnic this afternoon.f I' m not going to have a picnic this afternoon4、一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改 为 any, and改为 or,第一二人称互换。例如： We are going to go on an outing t

9、his weekend. f Are you going to go on an outing thisweekend?5、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。(1) 1) .问人。 Who 例如： I ' m going to New York soon.fWho's going to New York soon.(2) .问干什么。What ? do.例如：My father is goingto watch a race with me thisafternoon.f What is your father going to do with you

10、 this afternoon.(3) .问什么时候。When.例如：She s going to goto bed at nine When is toshebed?going6、同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow.五、一般过去时1 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存 在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。( yesterday, last year/week) .2 Be 动词在一般过去时中的变化：am 和 is 在一般过去时中变为was。 (

11、wasnot=wasn't ) are 在一般过去时中变为were。( were not=weren't )带有 was 或 were 的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和 is, am, are一样，即否定句在 was 或 were 后加not, 一般疑问句把 was或were调到句首。3 句中没有be 动词的一般过去时的句子否定句：didn 't +动词原形，如：Jim didn ' tgohome yesterday.一般疑问句：在句首加did， 句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+ 主语

12、+动词原形？如：What didJim do yesterday?疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如:Who went to home yesterday?动词过去式变化规则：1 一般在动词末尾加-ed， 如： pull-pulled, cook-cooked2 .结尾是 e 加 d,如：taste-tasted 3 末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed,如：stop-stopped4以“辅音字母 +y ”结尾的，变 y 为 i ， 再力口 -ed,如： study-studied5. 不规则动词的变化：am,is-was, are-were,

13、do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went,come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly -flew,ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat六、情景运用1. 问路、指路Excuse me. Where' s the , please?

14、Go straight on. / Turn left. / Turn right.2. 询问对方正在做什么What are you doing?I ' m What is he/she doing? s '' s/She HeWhat are they doing? re They'3. 询问对方是否要吃某种食物Do you want some ?Yes, pleaseN. o, thankyou.4. 询问对方的能力Can you ?Yes, I can.No, I can' t.5. 谈论将要做的事情What are you going to do

15、?I ' m/We' re going to6. 向别人要东西吃Can I have some ?Yes, you can.Sorry, you can' t.7. 介绍某人4This is谈论周一至周日将要做的事8.I ' llon MondayWhat will you do onMonday?Yes, I will.No, I won ' t.Will you onMonday?做天气预报9.It will be hot/cold/sunny/windy.It will snow/rain.10. 做比较如 : Sam is older than

16、Daming.七、人称代词及对应的形容词性物主代词第一人称第二人称第三人称I我we我们you你you你们he他she她it它they 他们人称代词：her 她的 your 你的 my 我的 our 我们的 your 你们的 his 他的物主代词their 它的他们的itsus 我们 me 我 you 你 him 他 her 她 it 它 them 他们格宾格：I 主 weheyousheitthey格：me 宾 usityouherthemhim形容词性物主代词：ouritshermyhisyourtheir名词性物主代词：mineitsoursherstheirsyourshis八、形容词和

17、副词的比较级形容词比较级在句子中的运用：两个事物或人的比较用比较级，比较级后面一般带有单词than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。 than 后的人称代词用主格(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er 如： tall-taller,strong-stronger,big-bigger, fat- fatter,如：双写最后一个字母，再+er (2)把 y 变i ，再+er 如：heavy-heavier,early-earlier(3)不规则变化：如：well-better,much/many-more,(4)5九、缩略形式I ' m = I amyou'

18、; re = you areshe' s = she ishe' s = he isdoesn ' t=does not it ' s = it is' don t=do not s =who iswho'can ' t =can not isn ' t=is not ll=we will ' we十、情态动词 can 引导的句型：表示有能力做某事can 后面的动词要用原形。如 :1. What can you do? I can sweep the floor. I can cook the meals.2. I can

19、 water the flowers.3. Can you make the bed? No, Ican' t.4. Can you use a computer? Yes, I can.5. How can I get to Zhongshan Park? You can go by the No. 15 bus.重点词汇归纳：last Sunday/night/yeargo homecome back hurry upgo to schoolgo to the park make a listin a hurrywait for how manyhalf a kiloshopping list.in the morninghow muchat the weekend take photosin the afternoontake a photo the Great Wallthe British MuseumBig