中考语法专题篇之形容词(副词)的比较级与最高级

1、中考语法专题篇之形容词（副词）的比较级与最高级形容词比较级和最高级一定义两者之间进行比较的时候，要用到形容词的比较级，通常than后接比较的对象。三者及三者以上进行比较要用到形容词的最高级，形容词最高级前通常接要有定冠词the（副词最高级前the通常省略）He is taller than me.他比我高。Tom is the tallest in his family.汤姆是他家里最高的。注意在英语中一些副词也是有比较级和最高级的，其构成与形容词的比较级和最高级一 样，用法类似。二构成1.规则变化1 一般情况力口 -er, -esttall f tallerftallest great 一

2、greater一 greatest2以不发音e结尾的单音节 词加-r, -stlarge flarger flargest nice fnicer fnicest3在重读闭音节（即：辅音 十元首+辅首）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母再加-er, -estbig - bigger fbiggest hot - hotter f hottest4以辅音字母+ y”结尾的双 司，把y改为i再力口 -er, -esteas尸 easierf easiestheavyf heavierf heaviest5其他双音节词（副词）和 多音节词；分词形容词比较级在前回加more ,最高级在 削卸加mostbeaut

3、iful f more beautiful f most beautifuldifferent f more different f most differenteasilyf more easilyf most easilyfriendly 一 more friendly 一 most friendlyinteresting fmore interesting most interesting2.不规则变化原级比较级最tWj级good ,wellbetterbestbad, ill, badlyworseworstmany ,muchmoremostlittleessleastfarfart

4、her 距离,further 程度further, furthestoldolder时间，elder顺序older, eldest三比较级用法说明1 .比较级（）+than的句型I have more money than you.2 .原级比较as+adj/adv （原级）+as在否定句第一个 as可以换成soMy schoolbag is as big as yours.3 .倍数的表达法一倍是once,两倍是twice,三倍及以上是数词+times倍数+as +原级+asMy school is three times as large as yours.倍数+比较级+thanMy sc

5、ores of this English exam is twice higher than those of Jack.倍数+what从句My homework is three times heavier what I used to have.倍数+the seize/area/width/length/height/weight等+ofThis door is three times the width of that door. 倍数+that/those of +对象The length of this ruler is nearly three times that of tha

6、t ruler.4 .比较级表达最高级含义 Tom is the tallest in his class.=Tom is taller than any other student in his class.=Tom is taller than the other students in his class.=Tom is taller than the rest of the students in his class.区分any other+ 名词 /any+ 名词any other指比较的两个对象在同一个范围。any+名词指than后面的对象与前面的对象不在一个范围。China is

7、 larger than any other country in Asia.Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan.否定词与比较级连用，有时表达最高级含义或肯定含义。Nothing is more important than heath.I can /Couldn't agree more.5 .在of the two的比较级结构中，比较级前要加定冠词the。Jim is the shorter of the two.扩展形容词比较级前用不定冠词表示一般性概念，直接翻译成工。”I have never seen a better film

8、 than this.6 .the +比较级+句子；the +比较级+句子越来越The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.7 .比较级+and+比较级China is getting stronger and stronger,which we are proud of.Suzhou,an old city with a long history,is becoming more and more beautiful.8 .比较级前的修饰语even /much /a little /a bit /a little bit

9、 /still /far /by far /any /no even/much语法硬性规定通常其后只能接比较级He is even better at English than you.It ' s much hotter today.9 .涉及比较级的经典题型The weather in Beijing is better than that in Tianjin.The book on the desk is much more interesting than that/the one in the drawer.The goods in this shop are cheape

10、r than those/the ones in Zhang 's shop.当名词有后置定语修饰，为了避免重复，需要借助代词代替已经出现的名词。指代可数名词单数用that/the one;指代可数名词复数用those/the ones ;指代不可数名词只用that。四最高级用法说明三者及三者以上进行比较的时候，会运用到形容词的最高级。形容词最高级前通常有定冠词the,副词最高级前的the通常省略。含最高级的句型通常都会有表示范围的状语以及'of+比较群体引起的结构。I am the tallest in my family.Jack is the shortest of th

11、e four.He is one of the best students in my class.This is the best film I have ever seen.Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world.序数词通常修饰形容词最高级五比较级和最高级其他用法说明1.1 ess原级than不如Lucy is less careful than Jack.2 .辨析not adj(比较级)than不如 no adj(比较级)than与一样不He is not more humorous than me.He is no

12、more humorous than me.3 .more.than除了两个对象之间进行比较之外，还有一个表示 与其倒不如 指的是同一个主语在不同方面进行的比较。He is more lucky than clever.He is more (a) pianist than (a) violinist.4.在英语中，并不是所有的形容词都有比较级和最高级，有些形容词无比较级。绝对性或强调性形容词无比较级和最高级perfect 元美的thorough彻底的whole 整个的favorite 最喜爱的表示国籍的形容词Chinese中国（人）的 German德国（人）的表示状态的形容词asleep熟睡

13、的afire着火的表小物质特征的wooden木制的 woolen 羊毛制的表示方位的形容词eastern 东方 的 southern 南方 的表示形状的形容词round 圆的 square方形的表示时间类别的形容词weekly每周的daily日常的5.有些形容词本身就表示比较级含义，其后也不接than,多接to。如senior（年长的）superior （优于）junior （更年少的） prior （在先的）。He is senior to me by three years.This machine is superior to that used one.二、英语书面表达专项训练2 “持

14、之以恒，方得始。”坚持是一种可贵的品格。生活中想要做成任何一件事情，都需要持之以恒的精神。某英文网站正在开展以“坚持 ”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿。谈淡你在初中生活中坚持的一件事（爱好，习惯），你是怎样做的，以及你的感受。提示词语：keep, practice, difficult, give up, proud提示问题：1. What did you do?2. How do you feel?It s important for us to keep trying to achieve our goals.【答案】It's important for u

15、s to keep trying to achieve our goals.I love running and I have keptrunning for three years.When I was in Grade 7， I was not good at sports and running was always my headache.I often failed in my running test.In order to catch up with my classmates ， I began to practice running every day after schoo

16、l.Sometimes ， I was so tired that I really wanted to give up.But I kept telling myself that I could make it.No matter what kind of difficulties I faced ， I tried my best to keep running.Now I do much better in running and I'm very proud of myself.I feel more confident and I'm ready for any c

17、hallenges in the future.【解析】 【分析】 本篇是材料作文，根据所给提示写一篇自己在初中生活中坚持做的事；文中写明自己是怎 么做的并谈谈自己的感受。【详解】1 . 本篇要求根据所给材料，用第一人称写初中生活中自己坚持做的一件事，根据提示，描写“What did you do?g一般过去时，描写 How do you feel?用一般现在时。书写时要紧扣主 题，文句通顺。2 .本例文开篇立即点明自己的坚持做的事是“跑步 ”，正文部分详细地描写了自己起初跑步总是不及格，通过克服困难、不懈地努力，坚持跑步，到现在比以前会跑；结尾谈了这件 事对自己的影响；文章结构清晰，前后呼应

18、。3 .本例文出彩之处在于用了很多的短语和重点句型。比如：固定搭配、固定句型It's +adj+ for us +to do sth、love doing sth、keep doing、be good at、catch up with、be proud of; 不 定式 in order to ； try my best to ； 状语从句 sothat ；比较级 do much better in 、 feel more confident 等；短语多彩、文句表达多样。4 4 月 23 日是 “世界读书日”，你校英语俱乐部正在开展主题为“多读书，读好书”的活动。假如你是李华，请你写一

19、封倡议书，向全体同学发出号召。内容包括：应该读什么样的书，以及读书的意义。提示词语：story, novel, knowledge, improve, important提示问题： What kind of books should we read? Why do we read?Dear students, the World Reading Day is coming.So I m here again to call on all of us to read more books and read good books.Li Hua【答案】例文Dear students, the Wor

20、ld Reading Day is coming. As a middle school student, everyone should read books. Firstly, reading increases our knowledge and we can learn the world affairs without going out. Secondly, reading is a good way to improve reading and writing skills. Finally, reading can broaden our knowledge and horiz

21、on, which is important to job hunting in the future.Therefore, start to reading, no matter how old you are and what you are doing.So I m here again to call on all of us to read meorbooks and read good books.Li Hua【解析】【详解】题干解读：该题目属于应用文写作，但写作时要按照应用文格式写，写作时承接短文开 头，写出对学生的倡议。例文点评：例文采用的是一段式，写的是阅读的好处，时态采用的

22、是一般现在时，描述倡 议时，描写细致，条理清晰。高分亮点：短语： Firstly； Secondly； Finally； a good way to do sth ； broaden our knowledge and horizon 。句型： reading is a good way to improve reading and writing skills ； reading can broaden our knowledge and horizon, which is important to job hunting in the future 。5 请你根据以下内容提示,为学校广播站

23、英语专栏写一篇短文,介绍发生在你好朋友王强Wang Qiang 身上的一件事。1 . 上周一放学后Wang Qiang 骑车回家,在十字路口,看到一位老太太正要过马路。2 .当时交通灯坏了,所有车辆都一个接一个通过十字路口。3 .老太太犹豫不决,不敢独自穿过十字路口。4 .王强看到这种情况,主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口。5 .请就此事谈谈你的看法要求 : 1.短文要包括以上所有要点。2.行文连贯,可适当发挥。3.词数:80-100。开头部分已给出 , 不计入总词数。参考词汇：十字路口 crossroads 在犹豫不决hesitate inLast Monday Wang Qiang

24、rode his bike backhome.【答案】Last Monday Wang Qiang rode his bike back home. On his way home, at a crossroadshe saw an old lady going across the road. Because the traffic lights didn t work at that time,the traffic crossed the road without stopping one by one. The lady hesitated in whether she should

25、cross it, but she was afraid to do that When Wang Qiang saw that, he offered to stop the traffic with his bike in order to lead her to cross the road safely.In my opinion, Wang Qiang is such a good example that we should learn from him. At the same time we also suggest that all the drivers should le

26、t people cross first and then traffic when this situation happens.【解析】【分析】这是一篇给材料作文，介绍发生在我的好朋友王强身上的一件事。【详解】结合所给材料，可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时，人称为第三人称，注意主谓一致问题，句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构，注意一些常见句式的应用，比如：Thelady hesitated, but she was afraid , he offered to , -Wang Qiang is 等句式的应用。写作中注意运用代词，注意多种句式交替运用。写作中注意叙述顺序，符合逻辑关系。【

27、点睛】本文结构紧凑，语言简练。开头介绍了王强骑车回家的路上看见一位老太太不敢过马路，接下来介绍他主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口，最后我就这件事谈谈我的想法。止匕处 on one ' s way, see sb doing sth, at that time, without doing sth, offer to do sth, learn from等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。5.下周一下午轮到你在英语课上做课堂报告，你打算把你爸爸最近网购的音乐机器人(music robot )介绍给同学们。下图是关于这个音乐机器人的广告，请你根据所提供的信息写一份发言稿。我是能听会说的

28、小音乐机器人 只要你对我说歌曲的名字，我就能唱给你听。我还有其他本参考词汇:small, clever, ask it about weather, problems in study, remind you of important dates, convenient要求：1.参考提示，可适当发挥；2 .语句涌顺，意思连贯，书写工整；3 .文中不得出现个人真实信息；Good morning, everyone! Here, I' d like to introduce the music robot my father bought online.【答案】 Good morning,

29、 everyone! Here, I'd like to introduce the music robot my father bought online. It is small, so you can even carry it in your backpack. After you connect it to the Internet and speak to it, it can provide different kinds of services. For example, you just say, "Ding Dong, I want to listen t

30、o SHE's songs" ,and it will play their songs immediately. You can also ask it about weather or even your problems in study. Besides, it can remind you of important dates and so on. I am so amazed at my music robot because it makes my life more enjoyable and convenient. I really love it!【解析】

31、【分析】这篇书面表达主要描述爸爸最近给“我 ”买的音乐机器人。【详解】这是篇材料作文。内容上首先要介绍这个音乐机器人，其次表达为什么“我 ”要介绍这个机器人，也就是对它的喜爱。在写作时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，这样才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。6 书面表达南京阳光中学每年要接特来自世界各地的交流学生。为了让他们更好地在南京学习生活，校学生会面向全体学生招募“阳光志愿者”。假如你是李明，请根据下面招募广告，用英文写一封自荐信。Volunteers WantedRequired Qualification

32、sGood English and ChineseHelpful, patient, outgoingGood knowledge of Chinese cultureDutiesTeach Chinese introduce Chinese cultureShow exchange students around NanjingWorking hours4:00 p.m.-5:00 p.m. Wednesday, 8:00 a.m.-12:00 am. SundayContact Info.Ms. Yang Email: iindayangJoin us!注意：1. 对所有要点逐一陈述，适当

33、发挥。2. 词数 80 左右，自荐信的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等Dear Ms. YangI would to be a sunshine volunteer. I will be very happy if I am chosen .to be a volunteer. I'm really looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerelyLi Ming【答案】Dear Ms. Yang,I would like to be sunshine volunteer.First I

34、 am good at both English and Chinese.And I am sure I can teach exchange students Chinese well.I am also helpful and I am always ready to help those in need.Besides,I am patient enough everything in detail.i have such a good knowledge of the Chinese culture that can help them know the beauty of it.I

35、can make good plans for their trips because I know Nanjing well.I am outgoing and I think ito makes feriaesnydfsowrmithe tthem,I am free from 4:00p.m. to 5:00p.m. on Wednesday.I can teach them Chinese during this time.I can also spend the whole Sunday morning showing them around Nanjing.I will be ve

36、ry happy if I am chosen to be a volunteer.Iam really looking forward to your reply. Yours sincerely,Li Ming【解析】【分析】这篇书面表达是写一封作学校“阳光志愿者”的自荐信。【详解】 这是篇材料作文。招募广告即写作的主要内容，考生可从自己是否满足招募要求入手。在 写作时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变 化，这样才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的 整体。7 书面表达初中毕业在即, 回顾三年的学习生活, 你一定有成功的体

37、验, 如一次考试, 一次比赛, 一次表演 请你以 Believe Myself, and I Will Win 为题写一篇演讲稿。提示： (1)What was the event?(2)How did you make it?(3)What s your feeling?要求： (1)发言稿中须包括所有提示内容,可适当发挥。(2)发言稿中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。(3)词数80 个左右(开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数)。Believe Myself, and I Will WinHello, everyone!Thank you for your listening.【答案】Beli

38、eve Myself, and I will winHello, everyone! As an old saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way. There always are difficulties in our life and we have to face them.When I was in the seventh grade, I always had difficulty in learning English. I just couldn understand it. I even wanted to give

39、 it up. Then my parents told me that where there is a will, there is a way. They also told me that I should be confident. My English teacher encouraged me to continue to study and told me some good ways to study it. I had the confidence again. I foundwhen I put my heart into it, English didn t seem

40、that difficult. I madMeygpreaaret nptrsogress.and teachers were happy for me. I felt pleased and proud for myself, too.To be confident means I should believe myself. Believe myself, there are hopes in my life. In the future, I won't be afraid of the difficulties in my life and I'm sure that

41、nothing can beat me and I will win! Believe myself, a beautiful future is waiting for me.Thank you for your listening.【解析】【详解】这篇作文要求我们以Believe Myself and I will win 为题，写一篇演讲稿。题目中用问题的形式给出了提示，审题可知，文章应包括以下内容：首先叙述你生活中遇到的一件困难的事；然后介绍你是如何克服了这个困难，最后取得成功的；最后说一下你自己的感受。写作时学生们应根据这几个内容提要，发挥自己的想象力，将这些内容补充完整，用正确的英

42、语表达出来。短文应以一般现在时和一般过去时为主，注意谓语动词的正确形式。写作时应注意：首先要保证发言稿中包括了所有提示的内容，不能遗漏要点，可以根据表达需要适当发挥，但要与上下文意衔接起来。其次要注意英语的表达习惯和汉语是不同的，不能按照汉语思维，逐词翻译。应从句子的整体结构出发，选择适当句型、短语、词汇进行表达。句式结构可以简单句为主，穿插并列句或复合句。为提升文章档次，应注意衔接词以及高级句式或复杂结构的使用。【点睛】这是一篇优秀的作文，短文作者根据题目要求，写了一篇演讲稿。文章有以下几个优点：首先短文内容完整，包括了题目中要求的所有内容，没有遗漏要点。各部分内容安排合理，层次清晰。短文主

43、要分成三段，每一段主题都很明确，叙述详细、清楚。其次短文使用了正确的时态和人称，短文主要使用了一般现在时和一般过去时，动词形式变化准确，尤其注意了不规则动词的过去式形式，语法规范，用词准确。文章中句式变化丰富，有简单句、并列句、复合句，长短句结合，增强了文章的表现力。短文中使用了较丰富的句型，如 When I was in the seventh grade, I always had difficulty in learning English. 、 My English teacher encouraged me to continue to study and told me some

44、good ways to study it. 、 I found when I put my heart into it, English didn t 、 seIenmthtehafuttduirfefi,cIuwlt on't be afraid ofthe difficulties in my life and I'm sure that nothing can beat me and I will win! 等等。8 书面表达。因学习压力大，部分中学生的身体健康状况有所下降，这一情况已经引起社会的关注和教育部门的高度重视。假若你是来自九年级三班的李华，请根据以下内容，用

45、英语写一份不少于 80 词的倡议书。建议大家积极多参加体育活动，提高身体素质。不得出现真实姓名。要点： 1. 锻炼身体的好处：strong，healthy.2. 锻炼身体的方式：play ball games，running ， swimming.3. 请你谈谈对学校开展体育锻炼的看法和建议。要求： 1. 内容必须包括以上要点，可适当发挥；2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数；3. 语句通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；4. 文中不得出现真实姓名及校名。Dear schoolmates,I am Li Hua from Class Three, Grade Nine. Health is very

46、 important to us teenagers.Li Hua【答案】Dear shoolmates,I am Li Hua from Class Three,Grade Nine. Health is very important to us teenagers. Either study or work is based on a strong body. Doing sports every day helps us keep healthy. If we don exercise, we may feel tired and get s ick easily. Just as we

47、 often say,“ Exercise one hour a daykeeps illness away. ”There are many kinds of sports we can do, such as running, swimming and playing ball games. But we have to do too much homework after school, I hope teachers will give us less homework so that we can have more time to take part in sports. I al

48、so hope our school can organize more sports activities for us.In order to build ourselves stronger and stronger,let s take active part in all kinds of sports inproper time.Li Hua【解析】【详解】本文属于话题作文。讲述锻炼身体的好处、锻炼的方式，并建议大家积极参加体育活动。根据要表达的内容确定并准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑，可适当增加内容。亮点说明：这是一篇优秀的作文，很好的完成了试题规定的任务，语言表达符合英语习惯，准确运用时态、主谓一致，特别使用一些亮点词句，如either.or., be based on, keephealthy, such as, have time to do, take part in, in order to, stronger and stronger 以及 all kinds of 等，增强逻