山西省中考英语第二轮语法考点聚焦名词习题课件

1、山西省山西省英语英语第第2222讲名词讲名词1名词的分类名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns)。专有名词是某个(些)人、地方、机构等的专有名称，如Beijing，China等，普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的词名词，如book，sadness等。具体见下表：考点一名词的分类及辨析类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Lucy，America，the Great Wall，the Great Hall of the People普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词dictionary，pencil，chair

2、，window，table，book，bike，ball，dog集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family，police，class，group，team不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词rice，glass，water，porridge，paper，air，wood，wool，wheat，steel抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词knowledge，danger，health，love考点一名词的分类及辨析注意：在使用名词时，首先要判断该名词的类别。个体名词和集体名词可以用数来计算，称为可数名词。物质名词一般无法用数来计算，称为不可数名词。不可数名词没有复数

3、形式，常考的不可数名词有information，advice，fun，weather；专有名词的首字母需大写；专有名词前不加冠词，但表示江河湖泊的专有名词和由普通名词构成的专有名词除外；尤其需要熟记常考的专有名词，如：常见的人名、地名、城市名、国家名，星期，月 考点一名词的分类及辨析有些名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词，但意义不同。如：考点一名词的分类及辨析名词可数不可数chicken小鸡鸡肉glass眼镜玻璃orange橘子橘汁paper报纸、文件纸room房间空间time次数、倍数时间wood树林木头、木材work作品工作2.名词的语境辨析名词词义辨析是指在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文

4、的理解，准确把握词义，然后作出正确的选择。考点一名词的分类及辨析考点二名词的数1可数名词可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式：表示单一概念时用单数形式，并用a或an修饰；表示两个或两个以上的概念时就用复数形式，名词的复数形式可分为规则变化和不规则变化。(1)可数名词的规则变化：类别变化规则例词一般情况加sbookbooks；mapmaps以字母s，x，sh，ch等结尾的单词加esbusbuses；boxboxes；brushbrushes；watchwatches以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词变y为i再加escitycities；familyfamilies以f或fe结尾的单词变f/fe为v，再加esk

5、nifeknives；leafleaves考点二名词的数【注意】以o结尾的名词变复数时，多数情况加s。如radioradios；photophotos等。我们初中阶段学过的以o结尾的名词，只有hero，tomato，potato三个词变复数时后加es。【口诀】我们可记为：英雄吃西红柿拌土豆有意思(es)。(2)可数名词的不规则变化：改a为e型。如：manmen；policemanpolicemen但German，human的复数形式为 Germans，humans。改oo为ee型。如：footfeet；toothteeth；goosegeese在词尾加ren。如：childchildren其他

6、特殊变化。如：mouse(老鼠)mice考点二名词的数直接加入s的表示“某国人”的名词中，常用的有：German(德国人)GermansAmerican(美国人)AmericansAustralian(澳大利亚人)AustraliansRussian(俄国人)RussiansCanadian(加拿大人)CanadiansEgyptian(埃及人)Egyptians考点二名词的数考点二名词的数考点二名词的数2不可数名词考点二名词的数物质名词食物bread，meat，rice，cheese，fish，beef饮料milk，cola，coffee，wine，tea自然物质water，air，soil

7、，sand，wood抽象名词情感love，joy，happiness概念experience，knowledge，energy，population学科math，geography，physics，chemistry【考点直击1】1I feel thirsty.I want something to drink.What about you?OK.Lets go and buy some _(2015，惠安)AcokeBcakesCapples2Here are some _Do you like ？(2015，安顺)Aoranges；them Borange；itCoranges；they

8、Doranges；their3I paid 10 for _this morning.(2015，兰州)A4 bottle milks B4 bottles of milkC4 bottles of milks D4 milkAAB考点二名词的数4Can I help you，Madam?I want _(2015，遵义)Atwo boxes of apple Btwo glass of waterCtwo bowls of porridge5Do you know how many _you have？(2015，永州)Atooths Btoothes Cteeth6Im hungry.Ma

9、y I have something to eat?OK.Heres some _(2015，丹东)AorangeBbread Cwater DmilkCCB考点二名词的数7How can I get some _about the 2016 Olympic Games?Why not search the Internet？(2015，安徽)Ainformation BexperienceCpractice Dsuccess8Yesterday Lucy told us such good _that we were all amazed at it.(2015，青岛)Anews Bidea

10、s Csuggestion DanswerAA考点二名词的数1s形式的所有格形式的所有格考点三名词所有格类别构成方法举例有生命的单数名词加smy sons pen有生命的复数名词以s结尾加the teachers office不以s结尾加sthe childrens homework表示时间、距离、国家等的名词单数加san hours walk复数加ten days holiday表示几个人共同拥有在最后一个名词后加sMike and Johns desk表示每个人各自拥有在每个名词后加sMikes and Johns desks【注意】名词所有格后跟表示住宅、学校、店铺、诊所等名词时，这些表

11、示住宅、学校、店铺、诊所等的名词习惯被省略。如：the Greens格林夫妇的家at the doctors在诊所里2of短语构成的所有格没有生命的名词一般用of 短语来表示所有关系。如：This is a map of China.这是一幅中国地图。当有生命的名词的定语较长时，也可以用of 短语来表示所有关系。如：The story of the kind loving girl is moving.这位善良的可爱的女孩的故事很感人。考点三名词所有格3双重所有格表示所属物的名词前有冠词(a，an)，数词(one，two.)，非确定特指的限定词(some，any，a few.)，物主代词(my

12、，your.)或指示限定词(this，that，these，those)，常用“of所有格/名词性物主代词”的形式，即双重所有格来表示所有关系。如：He is a friend of Toms.他是汤姆的一位朋友。考点三名词所有格【考点直击2】1 _are planning to go on vacation.(2015，克拉玛依)ABlacks BA BlacksCThe Blacks DThe Blacks2I live near the station，Its only about five _walk.(2015，临沂)Aminutes BminuteCminutes Dminutes

13、D考点三名词所有格C3_is coming.What can I get for my mother?What about a scarf？(2015，郴州)AWomens Day BWomans DayCWomens Day4Times magazine says that smart Lego has become one of _favorite toys.(2015，佛山)Achild BchildrenCchildrensAC考点三名词所有格5Whose room is this？Is it the _？Yes，it is .(2015，龙东)Atwins；Tom and TimsB

14、twins；Toms and TimsCtwins；Tom and TimA考点三名词所有格1The New York Times is a popular daily _(2015，德州)Adictionary BmagazineCnewspaper Dguidebook2Would you mind taking some photos for us？_Certainly not.Its a piece of cake(找出与画线部分相同的一项)(2015，凉山)Aa kind of food Ba difficult thingCan easy thing Da photo3Annie

15、has a _，and she is going to see her dentist today.(2015，温州)Acold Bfever Ccough DtoothacheCCD 4I think dragons are the _of China.Do you think so?I agree with you.(2015，滨州)Asymbol BsituationCpromise Dshape5Dave really likes driving.I think being a _is just right for him.(2015，重庆A)Adoctor Bteacher Cfar

16、mer Ddriver6On September 3 there will be some _in China to celebrate the 70year victory of the AntiJapanese War.(2015，潍坊)Aactions BprojectsCtraditions DactivitiesADD7There are lots of _that students have to follow in school.(2015，江西)Aexercises BproblemsCskills Drules8She says her favorite _is Englis

17、h.(2015，成都)Acolor Bsport Csubject9The _of Chongqing is really hot，but we still like living here.(2015，重庆B)Aspring Bsummer Cautumn Dwinter10Premier Li said we should speed up the Internet and lower the _(2015，日照)Amoney Bprice Cvalue DserviceDCBB11 _mothers cant go to the parents meeting because they

18、are too busy.(2015，武威) AJacks and Paul BJacks and PaulsCJack and Pauls DJack and Paul12He has a collection of _He can not only enjoy them but also use them to mail letters.(2015，武威)Astamps BnovelsCinstruments Dmagazines13Im tired out these days.Well，youd better keep a _between work and play.(2015，泰州

19、)Apromise Bdiary Cbalance DsecretBAC14None of them talked.They finished their meal in _(2015，苏州)Asilence Border Cplace Dpublic15Finding information is not a big deal today.Well，the _is how we can tell whether the information is useful or not.(2015，扬州)Acourage BmessageCchallenge Dknowledge16Will you

20、go to the _this afternoon?Yes，I want to go swimming.(2015，衡阳)Agym Bstation CsupermarketACA17A study shows that good habits play a very important _in childrens education.I think so.(2015，宜昌)Asense Bpart Creason Dmeaning18Whats your favorite，Jim？(2015，黄冈)My favorite is _I often listen to it on MP3.Asports Bdance Cscience Dmusic19Why do you look so excited，Tim？(2015，恩施)Ive just got a wonderful _Anews Bjob CfurnitureBDB20I am afraid to ask questions b