广东省年中考英语复习第一部分语法知识盘点复合句课件

1、第13讲复合句一、句型转换，每空一词。1.Daves father went to bed after he came back home lastnight.(改为同义句)didntuntilDaves father _ go to bed _ he came backhome last night.2.John asked, “Can you care for my pet cat while Imaway？” (改为同义句)if/whethercouldJohn asked _ I _ care for his pet cat whilehe was away.3.“How do you

2、 sell goods at the WeChat shop？” Kevinasked me.(改为同义句)howsoldKevin asked me _ I _ goods at the WeChatshop.4.The phone rang suddenly and I was doing my homework atthat time.(改为同义句)I _ _ my homework _ the phonerang suddenly.wasdoingwhen5.Tell him the truth at once, or he will be angry.( 改为主从复合句)Ifyou_

3、 _ dont tell him the truth at once, he will be angry.who/thatthatwhere二、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1.Are you the lady _ asked for soap?2.Youre the only person _ can help me.3.This is the village _ he was born.4.Where is the man _ I saw this morning?5.He drives a car _ can travel 150 miles an hour.whom/who/that

4、that/which考情透析：在广东省中考英语试卷中，复合句主要考查的是时间状语从句(特别是when 引导的时间状语从句)、条件状语从句(特别是if 引导的条件状语从句)、宾语从句及定语从句(特别是引导词who, which, that)的用法辨析。复合句在广东省中考英语试卷中所占比重很大，需要考生重点复习。考点规则或用法例句引导词陈述句充当宾语从句时，用 that引导，that 在句中不充当任何成分(that 通常可省略)We found (that) mom had known thesecret.我们发现妈妈已经知道了这个秘密。一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 whether/if 引导，i

5、f 和whether 表示“是否”，在句中不做任何成分，通常可以互换。如果从句中有 or 或 or not，则只能用 whetherThe man kept asking whether thedirector would come back or not/ifthe director would come back thenext day.这个人不断问主任第二天是否会回来。宾语从句当一个句子在复合句中充当宾语时，该句叫宾语从句。其考点主要是宾语从句的引导词、语序及时态等。如下表：考点规则或用法例句引导词宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，用what, who, where, when, how,why,

6、 which, whose 等疑问词引导。疑问代词 who, what,which, whom 在从句中做主语或宾语，疑问副词 when, where,why, how 等在从句中做状语I dont know how they made it.我不知道他们怎么做到的。Just watch what he does.注意他做了什么。语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都要用陈述句语序，即：主语在前，谓语动词在后We dont know where he lives.我们不知道他住在哪里。Do you know where he lives？你知道他住在哪里吗？(续表)考点规则或用法例句时态主

7、句时态是一般现在时，从句谓语动词根据具体情况使用任何一种时态He says that hell pass the exam.他说他会通过考试的。He says that he came backyesterday.他说他是昨天回来的。主句是一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时态She said that there were many bookson the desk.她说桌上有很多书。He told me he had finished his work.他告诉我他已经完成了他的工作。如果从句所说的是客观真理或事实，从句中的谓语动词则要用一般现在时The teacher told his stud

8、ents that theearth goes around the sun.老师告诉学生们地球围绕太阳转。(续表)注意：1.由 what, how, where 等疑问词引导的宾语从句可转换为“疑问词不定式”结构。如：She hasnt decided where she will go on holiday. She hasntdecided where to go on holiday.她还没决定去哪里度假。Could you tell me how I can make fruit salad? Could youtell me how to make fruit salad ？你能告

9、诉我怎么做水果沙拉吗？2. 动词 think, make, find 等后面的宾语从句可转换为简单句，即：think/make/find宾语宾语补足语。如：I think that hes a great man.I think him a great man.我认为他是个了不起的人。3.如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess, suppose 等动词，要将从句中的否定词放到主句谓语动词之前，即“否定前移”：主句谓语动词用否定式，从句中则用肯定式。如：I dont think (that) he is a Chinese.我认为他不是中国人。定语从句由关系代词或关系副

10、词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有：关系代词：who, whom, that, whose, which关系副词：when, where, why关系词的选用1.先行词指人时，通常用 who (做主语、表语或宾语), whom(做宾语)或 that (做主语、表语或宾语)做引导词。引导词做主语时不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。如：Jimmy is the man who/that has won the first prize. 吉米就是那个获得一等奖的人。The man (that/who/whom) we all like is ou

11、r head teacher.我们大家都喜欢的人是我们的班主任。2.先行词指物时，可用 that/which 引导，在从句中做主语、表语或宾语。若前面有介词时，只能用 which。如：The book that/which is thicker is mine.那本厚些的书是我的。The knife with which I cut the apples is very sharp.我用来切苹果的那把刀很锋利。3.先行词与定语从句中某个名词有所属关系，表示“的”时，要用关系代词 whose 做定语。如：The math book whose cover is red is hers.封面是红色

12、的那本数学书是她的。4.先行词为表示时间的词，且在定语从句中做时间状语时，常用关系副词 when。如：I will never forget the days when we studied together inAmerica.我永远不会忘记我们一起在美国学习的那些日子。5.先行词为表示地点的词，且在定语从句中做地点状语时，常用关系副词 where。如：We spent two weeks in the city where we met for the first time.我们在初次相遇的城市里待了两周。注意：关系副词when, where 只能在从句中做状语，不可充当主语或宾语。6.先

13、行词为 reason (原因)，且在定语从句中做原因状语时，要用关系副词 why。如：Nobody knows the reason why she left this company. 没有人知道她离开这家公司的原因。只能用关系代词 that 的情况情况例句先行词前面有形容词最高级、序数词等修饰It is the largest map that I have ever seen.它是我见过的最大的地图。先行词前有all, any, much, little, none, every, few, no one, the one等词修饰Please move out all the desks

14、 that are old.请把所有旧桌子搬出去。先行词前有the only, the very, the last, the same等词修饰The only thing that I want to do now is to have a big meal.我现在唯一想做的事就是大吃一顿。情况例句先行词是不定代词something, anything,nothing, everything 等Is there anything that I can do foryou？我可以为你做些什么吗？先行词同时包含人和物I can see many people andbuildings that

15、are reflected in thelake.我能看到湖面上倒映出的许多的人和建筑。主句是 who 或 which 等引导的特殊疑问句Who is the girl that spoke to youjust now？刚刚和你说话的那个女孩是谁？(续表)状语从句如果一个句子在复合句中做状语，则该句叫状语从句。其考点是各类状语从句的引导词及主从句时态一致的问题。时间状语从句时间状语从句的引导词有 when (当时；就在这时), as(当时), while (当时；然而), till/until (直到), since( 自从以来), before ( 在之前), after ( 在之后),

16、assoon as (一就), by the time (到时)等。注意：如果主句是一般将来时态，时间状语从句中应用一般现在时态替代一般将来时态，即“主将从现”。引导词用法例句when意为“当时；就在这时”，表示主句和从句的动作同时发生或先后发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前或之后。when 引导的时间状语从句中既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词，可表示瞬时时间段They were talkinghappily when Iwalked past the door.当我走过门口时，他们正谈得很开心。1.when, while 和 as 引导的从句引导词用法例句while意为“当时；然而”，

17、强调主句动作和从句动作同时发生，或主句动作在从句动作发生的过程中发生，从句中只能用延续性动词，且多用进行时态；也可表示前后对比关系My mother wascooking while I wasdoing my homework.我做作业的时候，妈妈在做饭。(续表)引导词用法例句as表示“一边一边”，强调从句动作伴随主句动作发生，所引导的从句中既可用延续性动词，也可用非延续性动词As they walked alongthe lake, they sanghappily.他们一边沿着湖边走，一边高兴地唱歌。(续表)2.till/until 引导的从句till/until 表示“直到”，若主句为

18、肯定式，此时主句谓语动词必须用延续性动词，表示“做某事直到某时”；若主句为否定式，此时主句谓语动词用延续性或非延续性动词皆可，表示“直到某时才做某事”。如：He ran till it rained.他一直跑直到下雨。He didnt run till it rained.直到下雨了，他才开始跑。The bus wont start until everybody gets on.公共汽车直到每个人都上车了才会发动。3.since 引导的从句since 表示“自从以来”，后跟表示过去的时间点。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。常见短语为ever since(自那时起一直到现在)，常用句型

19、为“It is/has been时间段since 从句”。如：The family has lived in the old house since the father died. 自从父亲过世，这家人就一直住在这栋老房子里。It is/has been ten years since he lived here. 他住在这儿已经10 年了。4.before 和 after 引导的从句before 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前；after 引导的从句表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。二者可与 not.until.相互转换。如：We turned off the light be

20、fore we left.We didnt turn off thelight until we left.We left after we turned off the light.我们在离开前关了灯。5.as soon as 引导的从句as soon as 表示“一就”，表示主句的动作紧随着从句的动作进行。如：I will throw away the broken pair of shoes as soon as I buy anew one.等我一买到新鞋，我就会把这双破鞋扔掉。原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词有 because (因为), since (因为，既然), as (因为，

21、由于), for (因为)等。如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.他昨天没来上学，因为他生病了。Since you are free, you can help him.既然你没什么事，你可以帮帮他。David just waited there as he didnt know what to do. 因为不知道该做什么，大卫就等在那儿。The Smiths had to start early, for there was a long way to go.史密斯一家不得不早早动身，因为有很长的路要走。注意：beca

22、use 和 so 不能同时使用。地点状语从句地点状语从句的引导词有 where (哪里), wherever (无论哪里)等。如：Id like to go where the air is very fresh.我想去空气比较清新的地方。Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting for you.无论你去哪儿，我都会在这儿等你。条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词有 if (如果), unless (除非，如果不), as long as (只要), as far as (就所知)等。若主句用一般将来时，条件状语从句可用一般现在时表示将来的动作。如：He

23、 will return if he finds the truth.如果发现真相，他就会返回。比较状语从句比较状语从句的引导词有 as.as (和一样), not so/as.as (和不一样), than (比)等。如：Peter is not as tall as his brother.彼得不像他哥哥那么高。目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词有 so that (以便于；目的是；为了), inorder that (为了)等。如：He stood up so that/in order that he could see the blackboardclearly.他站起来，以便能清楚地

24、看到黑板。引导词结构及用法例句so.that“so形容词/副词that 从句”和“so形容词a/an单数名词that 从句”She is so beautiful that we all like her.She is so beautiful a girl that we alllike her.她如此美丽以至于我们都喜欢她。名词前有 much, many,little (少), few 等词修饰时，只能用 soThere is so much water left that itsenough for a 7-day trip.所剩的水还很多，足够维持七天的旅程。结果状语从句结果状语从句的

25、引导词有 so/such.that.( 如此以至于)等。注意：so.that.和 such.that.的区别：(续表)引导词结构及用法例句such.thatsuch (a/an)形容词可数名词/不可数名词that从句Its such fine weather that all of us want to go to the mountain.天气这么好，以至于我们都想去山里。They are such lovely flowers that the girl buys all of them.这些花这么漂亮，以至于这个女孩把它们全买了。little意为“小”时，用suchThey are su

26、ch little sheep that we are worrying about whether they can survive the winter.这些羊这么小，我们担心它们能否熬过冬天。让步状语从句让步状语从句的引导词有 though/although (虽然/尽管但是), even though/if (即使，尽管)等。如：Although/Though shes not beautiful, shes kind and sincere.虽然不漂亮，但她善良而真诚。注意：although/though 不能和 but 连用。1.Great changes have taken p

27、lace in our city in the past tenyears.Everything _ comes into sight is so new to me.(2016年广东)A.thatB.whichC.whoD.whom点拨选A考查定语从句的关系词的选用。句意：在过去的十年间，我们城市发生了巨大的变化。对我来说映入眼帘的一切都是新的。当先行词为something, anything, everything 等表物的不定代词时，关系代词要用 that。故选 A。2.I wonder _.It will fall on a Saturday.(2016 年广东)A.how will

28、National Day fall on this yearB.how National Day will fall on this yearC.what day will National Day fall on this yearD.what day National Day will fall on this year点拨选 D考查宾语从句的陈述语序。句意：“我想知道今年的国庆节将是周几？”“周六。”询问“周几”用whatday。根据答语中的Saturday 可知应该用what day 提问，故排除A、B 两项；此外，宾语从句应该使用陈述语序，故选 D。3.David asked _ i

29、n China.Of course not.Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as agreeting.(2015 年广东)A.why he can greet a lady by kissing herB.why he could greet a lady by kissing herC.whether he can greet a lady by kissing herD.whether he could greet a lady by kissing her点拨选 D考查宾语从句的时态的用法。宾语从句的主句如果是一般过去时，从句用相应的过去时

30、态。所以首先排除 A和 C；根据答语可知问句应该是：大卫问在中国他是否能通过亲吻女士以表达问候。故选 D。4.Could you tell me _ a moment ago？(2015 年广州)A.what were they talking aboutB.what are they talking aboutC.what they were talking aboutD.what they are talking about点拨选 C考查宾语从句的陈述语序。根据选项理解句意：您能告诉我刚才他们正在谈论什么吗？A 项为过去进行时态的特殊疑问句；B 项为现在进行时态的特殊疑问句；C 项为过去进

31、行时态的陈述句；D 项为现在进行时态的陈述句。分析句子结构知，本句是含有宾语从句的复合句，由从句中a momentago 知，本宾语从句用过去范畴内的时态，排除 B、D；又因宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故选 C。5.Show me the map, please.I wonder _.Look.Its here.In the east of China, near Taiwan Province.(2015 年汕尾)A.where is Diaoyu IslandC.what is Diaoyu Island likeB.where Diaoyu Island isD.when Diaoyu Is

32、land is点拨选 B考查宾语从句的陈述语序。句意：“请给我地图，我想知道钓鱼岛在哪里？”“看，在这里，在中国的东部，靠着台湾。”根据后面这一句，应该是想知道钓鱼岛在哪里。故排除C，D。wonder 动词，后面是宾语从句，从句应该用陈述语序，故选 B。6.Most students dont know _ when their phones aretaken away.(2015 年佛山)A.what can they doB.how they could communicateC.who they can play with点拨选 C考查宾语从句的陈述语序。句意：大多数学生不知道，当他们的

33、手机被没收时他们能跟谁玩。A 项他们能做什么；B 项他们如何能交流；C 项他们与谁玩。分析题干和选项知，本题考查的是宾语从句。宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A；根据时态一致性原则知，本宾语从句应用一般现在时态表达。故选 C。7.Running man is a very relaxing TV program _ is hotamong the young people.(2015 年广东)A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whom点拨选 B考查定语从句关系词的选用。句意： 奔跑吧，兄弟是一个非常有趣的在年轻人中间很受欢迎的电视节目。定语从句的先行词TV program 为“物”，所以应该用

34、which 来引导。故选 B。8.The stories _ were written by Mark Twain are oftenhumorous.(2015 年广州)A.thatB.thoseC.whoD.what点拨选 A考查定语从句关系词的选用。句意：马克吐温写的那些故事常常很幽默。分析句子结构知，本句是含有定语从句的复合句，其先行词为 stories，指物。that 作为关系代词时，其先行词一般是人或物；those 不能作为关系词，故排除；who 作为关系代词时，其先行词是人；what 不能用作关系代词，故排除。故选 A。9.I hate people _ laugh at oth

35、ers when they are in trouble.(2015 年汕尾)A.whoB.whomC.whichD.they点拨选 A考查定语从句关系词的选用。句意：我讨厌那些当别人处于困难中嘲笑他们的人。句子缺少的是定语从句的主语，故选 A。10.I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.Go to bed first.I will wake you up as soon as the match_.(2014 年广东)A.startsB.startedC.will startD.is starting点拨选 A考查时

36、间状语从句。as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，故选 A。11.Do you know _？8,844.43 meters.Its a popular place with mountain climbers.(2014 年广东)A.how high is QomolangmaB.how long is QomolangmaC.how high Qomolangma isD.how long Qomolangma is点拨选 C考查宾语从句的陈述语序。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，由答句可知问高度，应用 how high, 故选 C。12.I dont understan

37、d _ such a silly question in classyesterday.(2014 年广州)A.why did John askB.why John askedC.why is John askingD.why John asks点拨选 B考查宾语从句的陈述语序。由宾语从句应用陈述句语序可排除 A、C 两项；又由时间状语 yesterday 可知宾语从句应用一般过去时。故选 B。13.We lost the way in the forest, and we didnt know _.(2014 年佛山)A.where we get backB.when did we get

38、backC.how we could get back点拨选 C考查宾语从句的陈述语序。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，且主句为一般过去时，从句应用相应的过去时态。故选 C。14.Could you tell me _？Yes, they _ to the library.(2014 年梅州)A.where are the twins; have beenB.where were the twins; have beenC.where the twins are; have goneD.where the twins were; have gone点拨选 C考查宾语从句的陈述语序。由宾语从句应用陈述句

39、语序可排除 A、B 两项；又结合语境可知时态为现在时，故选 C。15.When Robinson Crusoe got to the island, the first thing_ he did was to look for some food.(2014 年广东)A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whom点拨选 B考查定语从句关系词的选用。先行词前面有序数词修饰时，关系词应用 that。故选 B。16.Do you know the man _ is talking to Miss Wu ？(2014 年广州)A.heB.whomC.whoD.which点拨选 C考查定语从句关系词

40、的选用。先行词 the man指人，且在从句中做主语，从句应用 who/that 引导。故选 C。17.A WeChat (微信) is an invention _ can helppeople talk to friends, share photos, ideas and feelings freely.(2014年梅州)A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.how点拨选A考查定语从句关系词的选用。先行词aninvention 指物，且在从句中做主语，从句应用which/that 引导。故选 A。18.The young lady _ is interviewing Lin Zhix

41、uanabout the program I Am a Singer is from 21st Century TalentNet.(2013 年广东)A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose点拨选A考查定语从句关系词的选用。先行词the younglady 指人，且在从句中做主语，从句应用 who/that 引导。故选A。19.People _ smoke in a public place may have to pay500 yuan as a punishment.(2013 年佛山)A.whatB.whoC.which点拨选 B考查定语从句关系词的选用。先行词people指

42、人，且在从句中做主语，从句应用who/that 引导。故选B。20.I like the cartoon _ has a happy ending and makesme _.(2013 年梅州)A.which; to laughB.that; to laughC.whose; laughingD.which; laugh 点拨 选 D考查定语从句关系词的选用。先行词 thecartoon 指物，that 或which 都可做此处的关系代词。make sb.dosth.让某人做某事。故选 D。21.Look！This is the woman _ I met yesterday.Oh! She

43、 is my aunt.(2013 年湛江)A.whatB.whoC.whereD.when 点拨 选 B考查定语从句关系词的选用。先行词 thewoman 指人，且在从句中做宾语，从句由who/that 引导或省略引导词均可。故选 B。22.Todays young people cant live without smart phones.Theykeep their hands on the phones whenever they go, even while they_ meals.(2013 年广东)A.hadC.are having点拨选 CB.will haveD.were h

44、aving考查状语从句的时态。此处是 while 引导的时间状语从句。主句为一般现在时从句部分用与现在时相关的时态才符合题意。故选 C。23.If Nancy _ the exam, she will go to Australia forEnglish study.(2013 年广东)A.passB.passedC.passesD.will pass点拨选 C考查状语从句的时态。此句是 if 引导的条件状语从句。因为“主将从现”的原则，故选 C。24.Medical workers were sent to Yaan soon _ theearthquake happened.(2013 年

45、佛山)A.afterB.beforeC.until点拨选 A考查状语从句的引导词。句意：地震发生不久后，医疗工作者就被派往了雅安。soon after 表示“不久以后”，符合题意。故选 A。25.If the weather _ fine, we _ have a sportsmeeting this weekend.(2013 年茂名)A.will be; willB.is; willC.was; would点拨选 B考查状语从句的时态。此句是 if 引导的条件状语从句。因为“主将从现”的原则，故选 B。26.Have you asked the policeman _？Yes.He told us to turn left onto Main Street.Its on the right.(2013 年广东)A.if there is a bank near hereB.how can we get to the nearest bankC.where can we find a bankD.when we can go to the nearest bank点拨选 A考查宾语从句的陈述语序。宾语从句用陈述句语序，故排除 B、C 两项。根据答句，故选 A。27.Could