背单字的捷径

1、课课程程结结构构四四级级改改革革动动词词词词组组与与短短语语相相关关练练习习形近词同同义义词词近近义义词词比比较较背背单单词，词，四四级级考考点点四级词汇分段记忆记忆单词的方法与捷径科学背单词I. 關於四級的改革l 2005年6月18日是舊題型的最後一次考試l 2006年1月和6月不是試點院校的學院還參加舊題型的考試。l 2007年1月正式的四級改革開始實行l 詞匯與結構改革後不直接考了,而在閱讀、聽力、寫作、完型等題型中去考 l “如果沒有語法就很難表達思想，那麼，沒有詞彙就什麼也不能表達。”-D. A. Wilkinsl 詞彙是語言的建築材料，是學習語言的根本（聽、說、讀、寫、譯）。l 改

2、革後的新試題，題量大，閱讀量大，需要掌握的詞彙量也大。無論考不考詞彙，單詞都必須背無論考不考詞彙，單詞都必須背! BACKII. 如何背單詞、四級考點o 4200-4500個單詞及這些詞構成的常用片語個單詞及這些詞構成的常用片語(1000左右左右)o 背單詞的過程中要抓住四級出題規律，背誦高頻背單詞的過程中要抓住四級出題規律，背誦高頻詞彙。詞彙。o 非核心非核心: 1800-2000單詞單詞 (中學已經掌握中學已經掌握)o 核心核心: 常出現的是常出現的是2000-2500個單詞個單詞 BACK四級詞彙分段記憶四級詞彙分段記憶出現頻率特別高 （10個字母） a: ab-/ ac-/ ad-/

3、as-/ at- s: su-/ st- t: trans-/ te-/ tr- c: con-/ com-/ col-/ cor-/co- r: re- i: im-/ in- / il-/ ir-contributionlegalillegal regular-irregularabandon, access, addition, attention, assist,addresstransfer, transform, transportpoliteimpolitepatientimpatientportimportaccurate-inaccurate b: p: -pro/ -pre

4、 e: -ex/ -en d: -de/ -dis2. 從來不考的從來不考的 z: /x: /q: j: justify (從來沒被選中過從來沒被選中過) y: yield (yield to屈服，讓步屈服，讓步) k: (考過考過3次次) 3. 其它單詞可放在閱讀中記憶 BACKprogress (walk)preview (see)exportexit rich-enrichlarge-enlargeable-enabledanger-endangertitle-entitledisagreedistributeo 科學背單詞科學背單詞1) 花大量時間記憶單詞花大量時間記憶單詞-“重複是記

5、憶之母重複是記憶之母”每天至少背每天至少背100個單詞，分成三段個單詞，分成三段1) 認知單詞認知單詞 （30秒內能反應出單詞意思）秒內能反應出單詞意思）2) 學會單詞拼寫學會單詞拼寫3) 直達詞義，不用再切換到漢語意思直達詞義，不用再切換到漢語意思 7天一個時間段天一個時間段第一天背第一天背100個，個，第二天複習前第二天複習前100個，再加上新單詞個，再加上新單詞100個個200個個第七天就不用再記新的單詞了，仔細複習前第七天就不用再記新的單詞了，仔細複習前6天的單詞天的單詞一個月左右一個月左右2500左右重點單詞就可以背下來了！左右重點單詞就可以背下來了！2) 在閱讀中鞏固和複習單詞在閱

6、讀中鞏固和複習單詞e.g. water a bottle of water There are many waters in this area. The garden needs watering. When I saw delicious food, I watered. employ During the examination, you cant employ your dictionary. BACK流口水The world are like eels.They are too slippery to be kept in our memory.n背單詞的捷徑背單詞的捷徑n編故事記單

7、詞e.g. (1) scream (2) innocent(3) family(4) quality quantity(5) adopt adapt(6) ash/ bush/ cash/ abash/ crash/ clash/ smash(7)驚聲尖叫驚聲尖叫無辜的，清白的無辜的，清白的Father and mother, I love you.品質品質數量數量採納，領養採納，領養適應適應碰撞，撞擊碰撞，撞擊（飛機）墜毀（飛機）墜毀慚愧慚愧打碎，變成碎片打碎，變成碎片安樂死安樂死o詞根、詞綴記憶法詞根、詞綴記憶法1) able: e.g. enable, unable, ability,

8、capable2) act: to do, to drive e.g. action, actor, actress, active, activity, activate, actual, exact, reactor, interact, transaction3) part: to separate e.g. parcel, partly, partial, partner, party, participate, participant, particle, particular, apart, apartment, department, compartment, depart di

9、s-: dislike, disgust, distaste, disorder, distribute en-: enable, entitle, enrich, enlarge im-/-in: con-/-com -ir/-ill 常見的尾碼： -ize: realize, recognize -ify: identify, justify, classify, personify, satisfy -ate(v.): coordinate, illustrate -tion(n.): contribution, implication, imagination, illustratio

10、n -sion(n.): discussion -ment(n.): treatment, establishment -ity: prosperity, identity (ID card) -ee: employee -er: employersecretarydiseasecommitteetestee/testerbigamyo意群記憶意群記憶1）“物質世界物質世界” 物質的最小成分：物質的最小成分：atom, particle 宇宙太空：宇宙太空：universe, solar, lunar 最小單位基因：最小單位基因：protein, gene, cell 水生動物：水生動物：fi

11、sh, shellfish 爬行動物：爬行動物：reptile, insect 飛行動物：飛行動物：bird 哺乳動物：哺乳動物：mammal 猿類：猿類：monkey2) “人類社會人類社會” 皇家：皇家：royalty, dynasty, dictator 貴族：貴族：nobleman, landlord 政府：政府： government, official, administrate 選舉：選舉：election, vote 立法：立法：congress, assembly, legislative 動盪：動盪：disorder, uprising, revolution 員警：員警：

12、police, officer 監獄：監獄：jail, prison 武裝：武裝：army, armed forces 戰爭：戰爭：war, weapon, surrender, defeat, victory 和平：和平：peace, treaty 大家可以隨時隨地根據某一資訊聯想記憶單詞，比如：大家可以隨時隨地根據某一資訊聯想記憶單詞，比如：一個人騎車走在街上就可以聯想到：一個人騎車走在街上就可以聯想到：bicycle, truck, car, vehicle, bus, traffic (jam, light), rush hours, highway, freeway, zebra l

13、ines, cement, sidewalk, underpass, road, passenger, shops, fence 等等一個人到醫院又能聯想到：一個人到醫院又能聯想到： hospital, doctor, nurse, ward, medicine, cure, treatment, injection, illness, clinic等。等。o記憶單詞生活化記憶單詞生活化robustrejoicewithdraw/ deposit/ accountingredient/salt/sugar/pepper/vegetable oilbreezeBuckle up, please.

14、 III.同義詞、近義詞含義比較固定詞夥關係（固定搭配固定詞夥關係（固定搭配/約定成俗）約定成俗） 看書看書 read 看電視看電視 watch 看電影看電影 see 看黑板看黑板 look atl學知識:learn knowledgel學: possess/ acquire/ obtain/ gain/masterl知識: skill/ intellectual depth/perspective/horizon/insight/ wisdomoOwing to _ competition among the airlines, travel expenses have been reduc

15、ed considerably. A. fierce B eager C strained D critical fierce (動作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定詞夥關係是：fierce competition eager:熱中,渴望 strained: 緊崩的，拉緊的 critical: 一起搭配的常用be critical of “對進行批評,挑剔” The director was critical _ the way we were doing the work.A at B in C of D with 相當大地相當大地Apierce：v. 猛戳，猛刺入strain：要求超

16、過極限所造成的緊張。tension:緊繃的狀態或緊張的局勢o包含關係(A包含B，選A)(2) His wife is constantly finding _ with him, which makes him very angry. A errors B shortcomings C fault D flaw errors: mistakes/sth. done wrongly fault: 錯(人的性格、行為或習慣上的缺點) shortcomings: (反: merits)指在學校老師作評語時給出的優缺點。 flaw: 指物體或材料上的瑕疵 Co指代關係指代關係(3) There was

17、 a big hole in the road which _ the traffic. A set back B stood back C held up D kept down Set back: 推遲、推延、阻礙（時間概念上的）推遲、推延、阻礙（時間概念上的） set about + doing著手、開始做某事著手、開始做某事 set out + to do著手、開始做某事著手、開始做某事 set down: take down/ put down/ write down set off: 出發，離開，起程出發，離開，起程=set out set up 安裝，創立，建立安裝，創立，建立

18、set aside 把把 留出留出hold up 支撐、推遲、推延、阻礙支撐、推遲、推延、阻礙(具體概念上的具體概念上的)stand back 後退後退keep down 控制控制 Having decided to rent a flat, we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city. A set about B set out C set down D set upThe continuous rain _ the harvesting of wheat crop by two weeks. Co詞性詞性oMany

19、difficulties have _ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel. A risen B arisen C raised D arrived 不及物動詞不及物動詞 及物動詞及物動詞 “提高，提升，飼養，撫養提高，提升，飼養，撫養”raise the flagraise children太陽、旗幟、水位等太陽、旗幟、水位等的上升（具體概念）的上升（具體概念）指抽象概念（問題、麻煩、指抽象概念（問題、麻煩、新的局面等）的一種出現新的局面等）的一種出現B四級詞彙裡還有一個表示四級詞彙裡還有一個表示“上上升升”的詞：的詞：s

20、oar (通常表示毫通常表示毫不費勁地上升到很高的高度不費勁地上升到很高的高度)o詞根、詞綴的關係(5) There were some _ flowers on the table. A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal artificial: 人造的，人為的(artifact n. 人工製品，加工品) artificial leg artificial leather (genuine leather)unnatural:形容人的行為舉止不自然；不正常的 a bird of unnatural sizefalse: 假 （具有欺騙性的） fal

21、se passport/ false hair/ false teethunreal: 虛幻的（不是真實世界所擁有的） unreal world AoMore practice(6) This ticket _ you to a free meal in our new restaurant. A gives B grants C entitles D credits give sb. sth. give sth. to sb.1) grant sb. sth 正式授予正式授予e.g. She granted me one mao. (錯錯)2) 資助資助3) take sth. for gr

22、anted 1)entitle sb. to sth.2)entitle sb. to do sth.使某人有得到某事的權利使某人有得到某事的權利1)學分學分2) gredit card3) gredit A to B把把A歸歸咎於咎於Be.g. credit the car accident to the drivers carelessnessC(7) A season ticket _ the holder to make as many journey as he wishes within the stated period of time. A entitle B grants C

23、 presents D promises “贈與，給與贈與，給與”present withpromise to do mise sb. sth.A(8) Everyone should be _ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated. A attributed B entitled C identified D justified attribute to 歸歸因於因於identify sth. with sth.將將東東西與西與東西認為是相同的東西認為是相同的證明證明,表明表明B(9)

24、She cooled the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat. A mild B slight C light D tender 溫柔的溫柔的(gentle)吃的東西不辣的吃的東西不辣的輕微的輕微的,少許的少許的e.g. A slightest change of the schedule may affect everyone.light 反反:heavy (rain)清淡的清淡的,容易消化的容易消化的(肉肉)嫩的嫩的Wild 粗野的，野蠻的粗野的，野蠻的Wild animal, wild horse, wild f

25、lowershotspicy(10) When people become unemployed, it is _ which is often worse than lack of wages. A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability lazy bones懶骨頭懶骨頭貧窮貧窮,窮困窮困 poor無能力無能力idle: 閒置的閒置的,閒逛閒逛(的的),遊手好閒遊手好閒e.g. idle capital idle away some time虛度光陰虛度光陰 kill time C(11) Please be careful when you ar

26、e drinking coffee in case you _ the new carpet. A crash B pollute C spot D stain BACKcrash 表示飛機的失事表示飛機的失事wreck 輪船的失事輪船的失事accident 汽車的車禍汽車的車禍The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages: several fishing boats were _ and many houses collapsed. A wrecked B spoiled C torn D injured injur

27、e: 在事故中受傷在事故中受傷wound: (刀、槍等）傷刀、槍等）傷hurt: (感情、情感的）傷感情、情感的）傷n. 污點，汙跡污點，汙跡(點狀點狀)v. 使使有污點有污點spotted dogspitspotchopchip弄髒弄髒,染色染色(片片狀汙跡狀汙跡)DIV. 形近詞(1) Niagara Falls is a great tourist _, drawing millions of visitors every year. A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangement Pay attention totractor:

28、拖拉機拖拉機attraction:吸引力吸引力attract ones attention正式約會Keep appointmentBreak appointment男女之間的約會：date(2) The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded. A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently 相當於相當於therefore, 比較正式，一般比較正式，一般在句首在句首連續地（沒有間斷性）連續地（沒有間斷性）continually 連續地（有連續地（有間斷性，時斷時續的）間斷性，時斷時續

29、的）“始終如一地，恒定地始終如一地，恒定地;總是總是”固定詞夥：固定詞夥：恒溫恒溫constant temperature“一貫地一貫地” 固定詞夥：固定詞夥：consistent policylight rainrain cats and dogsA(3) I hate people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before. A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse Re-: again rewrite = write again review reviseRe-: back return re

30、ject reverse (轉)：顛倒揭示，揭露A(4) Dont _ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead. A release B relieve C relate D retain release sth. to sb.“向某人發佈、發行向某人發佈、發行”固定詞夥：固定詞夥：release energy減輕痛苦、憂慮等減輕痛苦、憂慮等relieve your pain /worryn. relief固定搭配：固定搭配：to ones relief使某人寬慰的是使某人寬慰的是relate sth. to sth.在思想

31、或意義上在思想或意義上與與有聯繫有聯繫be related to保持，保持，保留保留A(5) The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political, economic and cultural _. A tradition B transportation C transmission D transformation 傳送,播送transmit v. (6) There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance. A preferable B considerable

32、C possible D available 可得到的可得到的,可應用的可應用的,可獲得的可獲得的The dictionary is available. The manager is available.There is no room (available) in our hotel. Consider v. Considerable:值得考慮的值得考慮的,可觀的可觀的,量大的量大的Considerate :考慮周到的考慮周到的-prefer (vt.) 喜歡喜歡-prefer to do -prefer to do rather than (to )do 寧寧願願而不願而不願-prefe

33、r sth. to sth./ prefer doing to doing (prefer coffee to tea)DPreferable: 更合適的更合適的,更喜歡的更喜歡的 具有比較意義的形容詞具有比較意義的形容詞(不能不能與與more, than, -er連用連用):superior to優於優於-inferior tosecond to 僅次於僅次於(Im second to none.)Sensitive to 對對感到敏感感到敏感(7) It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students. A par

34、tial B beneficial C preferable D liable 偏愛的偏愛的partial to/towards impartial to/towards 不偏不倚的不偏不倚的benefit fromliable to sth.遭遭遇到某事遇到某事A(8) Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market. A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels 裝液體的大木桶裝液體的大木桶便

35、宜貨，討價還價便宜貨，討價還價打折打折 discount 20% discountv. bargain with sb.與某人討價還價與某人討價還價 bargain about sth. 就就討價還價討價還價B(9) Remember that customers dont _ about prices in that city. A debate B consult C dispute D bargain 辯論，辯論會辯論，辯論會諮詢諮詢consultant 顧問顧問反駁反駁beyond dispute 無可爭辯無可爭辯D(10) The neighborhood boys like to

36、play basketball on the _ lot. A valid B vain C vacant D vague 具有法律具有法律效力的效力的沒人佔用而空沒人佔用而空,暫時沒有充滿而空暫時沒有充滿而空反反:occupiedempty 空空如也空空如也,什麼也沒有什麼也沒有in vain徒勞徒勞,白費力氣白費力氣含糊不清的含糊不清的(11) Although they plant trees in this are every year, the tops of some hills are still _ . A blank B hollow C vacant D bare 因為沒寫

37、因為沒寫字而空字而空中空的、中空的、空心的空心的反：反：solid光禿禿的（一光禿禿的（一般形容土地）般形容土地）bald 光頭光頭DV. 動詞片語及短語o turnoTurn down 將音量關小，拒絕oTurn up 把音量開大；出現oTurn out 結果是、證明；生產oTurn over 移交，轉交（沒有方向性）oTurn to 求助於，參考oTurn in 交給，上交This company has turned out 100 cars.take over 接管接管hand over交給，遞給交給，遞給Refer too makeoMake outoMake for 朝走去oMak

38、e off匆匆地離開某地,逃走oMake up oMake it=succeed in doing sth. (聽力中常出現)(1) Make up for 彌補,補償Leave for Shanghai.Make for my office.組成組成,構成構成+數字數字/百分比百分比be made up of 組成組成,構成構成(被動被動)補考補考緩考緩考o takeoTake after在外貌在外貌,性格等方面與父母相象性格等方面與父母相象oTake apart(將大型機器將大型機器)分解，拆開分解，拆開oTake back 收回收回=withdrawoTake down 記下記下,寫下寫

39、下oTake effect 生效生效oTake effective steps/measures採取有效措施採取有效措施oTake in 理解理解領悟領悟, 吸收吸收(absorb), 欺騙欺騙(cheat)oTake off 脫下脫下,(飛機飛機)起飛起飛(四級聽力重點片語四級聽力重點片語)oTake on 承擔承擔責任責任等等等等; 雇傭雇傭(employ);oTake out 抽出抽出,取出取出oTake part in =participate in(1)Take the place of = replace (replace A with B)oTake turns + to do sth.輪流做某事oTake up 佔據時間;